US2487850A - Chemical sensitization of photographic emulsions - Google Patents

Chemical sensitization of photographic emulsions Download PDF

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Publication number
US2487850A
US2487850A US40430A US4043048A US2487850A US 2487850 A US2487850 A US 2487850A US 40430 A US40430 A US 40430A US 4043048 A US4043048 A US 4043048A US 2487850 A US2487850 A US 2487850A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
stannous
mol
emulsion
silver halide
chemical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US40430A
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English (en)
Inventor
Burt H Carroll
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE490198D priority Critical patent/BE490198A/xx
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Priority to US40430A priority patent/US2487850A/en
Priority to FR1008788D priority patent/FR1008788A/fr
Priority to GB19404/49A priority patent/GB658592A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2487850A publication Critical patent/US2487850A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances

Definitions

  • This invention relates to sions and more particularly to chemical tizers therefor.
  • stannous compounds act as chemical sensitizers in a manner comparable to sulfur compounds and that this activity can be superimposed on that of sulfur and natural gelatin sensitizers as well as optical sensitizers, particularly the latter.
  • one object of my invention is to provide stannous compounds effective as emulsion sensitizers. Another object is to provide conditions under which stannous compounds are effective emulsion sensitizers. A further object is to provide photographic emulsions containing the novel sensitizers. Other objects will become apparent from the following description of my invention.
  • stannous compounds such as stannous halides.
  • the exact type of stannous compound is not especially critical but stannous salts soluble in water but not readily 55 at 62 decomposed are preferred, and
  • stannous salts such as stannous chloride, stannous bromide, iodide, fluoride and sulfate are preferred.
  • the stannous compounds are used in silver halide emulsions in quantities of the order of from 1 10 to 4 l 10 mol per 'mol silver halide.
  • stannous salts such as stannous halides, especially stannous chloride or stannous sulfate
  • I can use a range of concentration of from about 1 x 10- to 20 10 mol per mol silver halide, preferably about 1 10 to 9 l0- mol per mol silver halide with the faster bromoiodide emulsions of the type shown in the examples below.
  • Example 1 An acid stannous chloride solution was prepared by dissolving stannous chloride in water and adding a trace of mineral acid until the solution had a pH of approximately 3.
  • Two samples of the original emulsion were coated as controls, the first sample No. 1 being treated for about ten minutes at 40 C. and sample No. 2 being treated for about five minutes 0. before coating.
  • the sensitometric characteristics of the various samples were determined in the usual manner by exposure in an Eastman Type IIB Sensitometer and development in a developing solution of the following con-
  • the characteristics of the various emulsion samples processed as above are shown in the following table: I
  • Ezcample 2 An alkaline stannite solution was prepared by dissolving stannous chloride in water and adding suflicient sodium hydroxide to dissolve the oxide first formed. To samples of a moderately fast process type of silver halide emulsion as normally prepared ready for coating, were added varying amounts of the stannite solution shown in the table following. The samples and the original emulsion were coated and dried on a support, then tested as described in Example 1 above. The results of the test are as follows:
  • mol sodium stannite Sample No. X 10- per l0/i Gamma Fog mol silver Speed halide during the preparation of an emulsion, either during a digestion step or after a preliminary digestion and washing before final melting and digestion of the emulsion, as desired. If preferred, the emulsion may be prepared by elimination of the washing step to produce the so-called unwashed type of emulsion.
  • addenda such as optical sensitizers, antifoggants, spreading agents and hardeners may be used in the emulsions which are sensitized with the compounds of my invention and I am not limited as to choice of the vehicle for the emulsion in the respect that in addition to gelatin,
  • a light-sensitive photographic. emulsion comprising silver halide and from 1 l0 to 44 10 mol of a water soluble .stannous compoundv per mol of silver halide as a chemical sensitizing agent.
  • a light-sensitive photographic. emulsion comprising silver halidev and from l 1.0- to 20x10" mol of a water soluble stannous compound per mol of silver halide as a chemical sensitizing agent.
  • a light-sensitive photographic. emulsion comprising silver halide. and from 1 x 10" to 44 10 mol of stannite compound per mol of silver halide as a chemical sensitizing agent.
  • a light-sensitive photographic emulsion comprising silver halide and from'lx 10* to 20X 10- mol of stannous, salt per mol of silver halide as a, chemical sensitizing agent.
  • a light-sensitive photographic emulsion comprising silver bromide, and from 1 X 10- to 20 10 mol of Stan-nous salt .per mol of silver bromide as a chemical sensitizing agent.
  • Al-ight-sensitive photographicemulsion comprising silver bromide and from l X 10* to 9 10 mol of stannous salt per; mol of silver halide as a chemical sensitizing agent.
  • a light-sensitivephotographic emulsion comprising silver halide and from 1 10 to 20x10- molof stannous halide per mol of silver halide as a chemical sensitizing agent.
  • a light-sensitive photographic emulsion comprising silver halide and from 1 l0- to 20x10- mol of stannous chloride .per mol of silver halide as a chemical sensitizing agent.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
US40430A 1948-07-23 1948-07-23 Chemical sensitization of photographic emulsions Expired - Lifetime US2487850A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE490198D BE490198A (en)van) 1948-07-23
US40430A US2487850A (en) 1948-07-23 1948-07-23 Chemical sensitization of photographic emulsions
FR1008788D FR1008788A (fr) 1948-07-23 1949-07-19 Nouvelles émulsions photographiques
GB19404/49A GB658592A (en) 1948-07-23 1949-07-22 Improvements in and relating to photographic emulsions

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US40430A US2487850A (en) 1948-07-23 1948-07-23 Chemical sensitization of photographic emulsions

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2487850A true US2487850A (en) 1949-11-15

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US40430A Expired - Lifetime US2487850A (en) 1948-07-23 1948-07-23 Chemical sensitization of photographic emulsions

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US (1) US2487850A (en)van)
BE (1) BE490198A (en)van)
FR (1) FR1008788A (en)van)
GB (1) GB658592A (en)van)

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2728665A (en) * 1952-11-08 1955-12-27 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic emulsions containing mercuric compounds having carbon-mercury bond
US2728663A (en) * 1952-11-08 1955-12-27 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic emulsions containing molecular compounds of mercuric salts with amines
US2728666A (en) * 1952-11-08 1955-12-27 Eastman Kodak Co Stabilization of emulsions sensitized with alkylene oxide polymers
US2743183A (en) * 1952-11-08 1956-04-24 Eastman Kodak Co Chemical sensitization of photographic emulsions
US2784090A (en) * 1952-11-08 1957-03-05 Eastman Kodak Co Stabilization of emulsions sensitized with onium compounds
US3033682A (en) * 1959-05-22 1962-05-08 Du Pont Radiation-sensitive emulsions, elements, and processes for making same
US3033678A (en) * 1960-10-11 1962-05-08 Du Pont Radiation-sensitive silver halide emulsions and elements, and processes of developing the same
US3852066A (en) * 1971-11-04 1974-12-03 Polaroid Corp Silver halide with an orthorhombic lead monoxide and sensitizing dye
US3852067A (en) * 1971-11-04 1974-12-03 Polaroid Corp Photosensitive element with silver halide, a semiconductor and a sensitizing dye
US3951665A (en) * 1973-01-17 1976-04-20 Ciba-Geigy Ag Direct-positive silver halide emulsion fogged with a tin (II) chelate
US3976489A (en) * 1972-03-24 1976-08-24 Polaroid Corporation Silver halide photographic products with semiconductor sensitizers
EP0115351A2 (en) 1983-01-28 1984-08-08 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Silver halide light-sensitive material
EP0200206A2 (en) 1985-04-30 1986-11-05 Konica Corporation Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material
EP0201027A2 (en) 1985-04-30 1986-11-12 Konica Corporation Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material
EP0202784A2 (en) 1985-04-23 1986-11-26 Konica Corporation Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material
EP0209118A2 (en) 1985-07-17 1987-01-21 Konica Corporation Silver halide photographic material
EP0228084A2 (en) 1985-12-25 1987-07-08 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Image forming process
EP0476327A1 (en) 1990-08-20 1992-03-25 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Data-retainable photographic film product and process for producing color print
EP0580041A2 (en) 1992-07-10 1994-01-26 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method of processing silver halide photographic material and composition for processing
EP0589460A1 (en) 1992-09-24 1994-03-30 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method for processing a black & white silver halide light-sensitive material
US5368999A (en) * 1989-12-28 1994-11-29 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Silver halide emulsion and silver halide photographic light-sensitive material using the same
EP0708370A2 (en) 1994-10-18 1996-04-24 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Process for manufacturing diffusion transfer printing plates
EP0708371A2 (en) 1994-10-18 1996-04-24 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Additive for improving the performance of diffusion transfer printing plates
US5582957A (en) * 1995-03-28 1996-12-10 Eastman Kodak Company Resuspension optimization for photographic nanosuspensions
US5763152A (en) * 1995-03-31 1998-06-09 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material
US6040129A (en) * 1999-04-09 2000-03-21 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic emulsion having an improved speed, photographic element containing said emulsion, and method
WO2012035314A1 (en) 2010-09-17 2012-03-22 Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe Bv Photographic paper
WO2021213762A1 (en) 2020-04-24 2021-10-28 Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe Bv Photographic paper

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2728665A (en) * 1952-11-08 1955-12-27 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic emulsions containing mercuric compounds having carbon-mercury bond
US2728663A (en) * 1952-11-08 1955-12-27 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic emulsions containing molecular compounds of mercuric salts with amines
US2728666A (en) * 1952-11-08 1955-12-27 Eastman Kodak Co Stabilization of emulsions sensitized with alkylene oxide polymers
US2743183A (en) * 1952-11-08 1956-04-24 Eastman Kodak Co Chemical sensitization of photographic emulsions
US2784090A (en) * 1952-11-08 1957-03-05 Eastman Kodak Co Stabilization of emulsions sensitized with onium compounds
US3033682A (en) * 1959-05-22 1962-05-08 Du Pont Radiation-sensitive emulsions, elements, and processes for making same
US3033678A (en) * 1960-10-11 1962-05-08 Du Pont Radiation-sensitive silver halide emulsions and elements, and processes of developing the same
US3852066A (en) * 1971-11-04 1974-12-03 Polaroid Corp Silver halide with an orthorhombic lead monoxide and sensitizing dye
US3852067A (en) * 1971-11-04 1974-12-03 Polaroid Corp Photosensitive element with silver halide, a semiconductor and a sensitizing dye
US3976489A (en) * 1972-03-24 1976-08-24 Polaroid Corporation Silver halide photographic products with semiconductor sensitizers
US3951665A (en) * 1973-01-17 1976-04-20 Ciba-Geigy Ag Direct-positive silver halide emulsion fogged with a tin (II) chelate
EP0115351A2 (en) 1983-01-28 1984-08-08 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Silver halide light-sensitive material
EP0202784A2 (en) 1985-04-23 1986-11-26 Konica Corporation Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material
EP0200206A2 (en) 1985-04-30 1986-11-05 Konica Corporation Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material
EP0201027A2 (en) 1985-04-30 1986-11-12 Konica Corporation Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material
EP0209118A2 (en) 1985-07-17 1987-01-21 Konica Corporation Silver halide photographic material
EP0228084A2 (en) 1985-12-25 1987-07-08 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Image forming process
US5368999A (en) * 1989-12-28 1994-11-29 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Silver halide emulsion and silver halide photographic light-sensitive material using the same
EP0476327A1 (en) 1990-08-20 1992-03-25 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Data-retainable photographic film product and process for producing color print
EP0580041A2 (en) 1992-07-10 1994-01-26 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method of processing silver halide photographic material and composition for processing
EP0589460A1 (en) 1992-09-24 1994-03-30 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method for processing a black & white silver halide light-sensitive material
EP0708370A2 (en) 1994-10-18 1996-04-24 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Process for manufacturing diffusion transfer printing plates
EP0708371A2 (en) 1994-10-18 1996-04-24 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Additive for improving the performance of diffusion transfer printing plates
US5582957A (en) * 1995-03-28 1996-12-10 Eastman Kodak Company Resuspension optimization for photographic nanosuspensions
US5763152A (en) * 1995-03-31 1998-06-09 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material
US6040129A (en) * 1999-04-09 2000-03-21 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic emulsion having an improved speed, photographic element containing said emulsion, and method
WO2012035314A1 (en) 2010-09-17 2012-03-22 Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe Bv Photographic paper
WO2021213762A1 (en) 2020-04-24 2021-10-28 Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe Bv Photographic paper

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE490198A (en)van)
FR1008788A (fr) 1952-05-21
GB658592A (en) 1951-10-10

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