US2485155A - Breechblock device for firearms - Google Patents

Breechblock device for firearms Download PDF

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Publication number
US2485155A
US2485155A US763363A US76336347A US2485155A US 2485155 A US2485155 A US 2485155A US 763363 A US763363 A US 763363A US 76336347 A US76336347 A US 76336347A US 2485155 A US2485155 A US 2485155A
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United States
Prior art keywords
breechblock
casing
firearms
bolt member
lugs
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US763363A
Inventor
Koucky Josef
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Zbrojovka Brno np
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Zbrojovka Brno np
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/12—Bolt action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being parallel to the barrel axis
    • F41A3/14—Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively
    • F41A3/16—Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively the locking elements effecting a rotary movement about the barrel axis, e.g. rotating cylinder bolt locks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/12—Bolt action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being parallel to the barrel axis
    • F41A3/14—Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively
    • F41A3/16—Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively the locking elements effecting a rotary movement about the barrel axis, e.g. rotating cylinder bolt locks
    • F41A3/26—Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively the locking elements effecting a rotary movement about the barrel axis, e.g. rotating cylinder bolt locks semi-automatically or automatically operated, e.g. having a slidable bolt-carrier and a rotatable bolt
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A5/00—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock
    • F41A5/18—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock gas-operated

Definitions

  • My invention relates to a breechblock device for firearms and is a further improvement of the device disclosed in my prior Patent No. 2,356,595.
  • the essential part of said device is a breechblock slidably and tiltably mounted in the casing, said breechblock having locking lugs which in tilted position engage corresponding recesses in the casing.
  • the length of the tiltable breechblock has to exceed the length of the cartridge chamber opening through which cartridges are introduced into the firing position to leave a sufliciently long part of the breech block supported in the casing during the tilting movement effecting the locking and unlocking of the breechblock.
  • the breechblock therefore, has to have a greater length than necessary for its safe guidance during its sliding movements, and this greater length results, of course, in an increase in weight of said breechblock. This is of disadvantage especially when the breechblock device is used in gas-operated firearms wherein the masses of moving parts and the length and weight of the casing have to be kept as small as possible.
  • the main object of my invention is to overcome the above mentioned difficulties.
  • the breechblock is divided in two component parts; namely, a slide member guided in the casing and in front thereof and coupled thereto a rotatable bolt member having locking lugs engaging corresponding recesses in the casing or in the breech.
  • Such construction contrives not only to reduce the Weight and length of the firearms, but also to enhance its stability as the center of gravity is moved backwards, that is away from the barrel.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates schematically in a side view, partly in section, the arrangement of the breechblock within the casing
  • Fig. 2 shows a horizontal section through the breechblock along the line 2--2 in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 3 shows an end view of the breechblock in the direction of arrow 3 in Fig. 2 and shows also part of the casing in section, and
  • Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of the breechblock.
  • the breechblock has an essentially prismatic shape and is composed of two adjoining and cooperating parts namely a slide member I I and a bolt member i2 in part thereof.
  • Each of these parts H and I2 has a pair of laterally arranged shoulders I3 which move in corresponding slide channels i6 arranged in the casing IS.
  • the front end of the breechblock part 12 is provided with a pair of triangular locking lugs 23 as disclosed in my Patent No. 2,356,595. These known locking lugs 23' are formed at the end of the beveled faces 22 which are arranged in the bottom and top face of the bolt member I 2.
  • the said lockin lugs 23 engage corresponding recesses I! in the casing I5 or in the breech of the barrel after the bolt member H has been turned into locking position.
  • This turning of the bolt member [2 is effected with the help of the inclined groove 25 arranged laterally thereon into which engages in a manner known per se an active member of an operating handle for moving the breechblock back and forth, or an active member of the gas cylinder group to eiiect the breechblock movement automatically.
  • the bolt member I 2 is provided with a pivot I 8 which extends into and seats in a corresponding axial bore arranged in the slide member II.
  • the base of said bore is extended into an annular groove i 9 (Fig. 2) into which lead two longitudinal grooves 20 arranged in diametrically opposed positions in the top and in the base respectively of said bore (Fig. 3).
  • the pivot I8 is provided at its outer end with two opposing radial teeth 2
  • the bolt member I2 is provided on its front end with two locking lugs 23 which are formed by chamfered surfaces 22 in the same way as described in my Patent No. 2,365,595. These lugs 23 after slightly turning the bolt l2 engage corresponding recesses I! in the casing i5. This turning is achieved with the help of the inclined groove 25 into which engages an active member of the breechblock displacing device as stated above.
  • the bolt member 12 is further provided with a longitudinal boring into which the ejector 28 is introduced and held therein by a compression spring 29 resting with its other end upon a pin 30 slidingly arranged in said boring.
  • the free end of said pin 30 is pressed against and slides upon the front face of the slide member II and rests in a recess 3
  • the breechblock parts II and ['2 contain the striker 32 which is charged with the spring 33.
  • the bolt member l2 contains also a conventional cartridge extractor 34.
  • a breechblock device for firearms, a casing, a breechblock slidably mounted in said casing, said breechblock comprising a slide member guided in said casing and a bolt member adjoining said slide member in front thereof, a pivot upon said bolt member extending axially into said slide member and a corresponding boring in the latter to rotatably support said pivot, a circular groove arranged at the base of said boring, at least one tooth upon said pivot interlocking with said circular groove, an axially extending groove in said boring for each of said teeth to permit the same to pass into said circular groove, locking lugs arranged on said bolt member and recesses in said casing adapted to receive said lugs, and means for turning said bolt member from an unlocked position to a locked position in which said lugs are received in said recesses.
  • a breechblock' device for firearms a casing, a breechblock slidably mounted in said casing, said breechblock comprising a slide member guided in said casing and a bolt member rotatably coupled thereto in permanently adjoining position in front thereof, coupling means permitting a rotation of said bolt member with regard to said slide member, locking lugs arranged on said bolt member and recesses in said casing adapted to receive said lugs, means for turning said bolt member from an unlocked position to a locked position in which said lugs are received in said recesses, a boring in the bolt member, an ejector in the front part of said boring, a locking pin in its rear part, a pressure spring between said ejector and said locking pin, and a recess in the front face of the slide member cooperating with said locking pin.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Component Parts Of Construction Machinery (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)

Description

Oct. 18, 1949. J, KOUCKY BREECHBLOCK DEVICE FOR FIREARMS Filed July 24, 1947 A \m\\\ w;; N
INVEN & 1W4;
BY KW P Ahmad Patented Oct. 18, 1949 BREECHBLOCK DEVICE FOR FIREARMS Josef Kouck-y, Prague, Czechoslovakia, assignor t Zbrojovka Brno, Narodni Podnik (also named Brno Arms Factory, National corpora tion), Prague, Czechoslovakia, a corporationof Czechoslovakia Application July 24, 1947, Serial No. 763,363 In Germany December 11, 1943 2 Claims.
My invention relates to a breechblock device for firearms and is a further improvement of the device disclosed in my prior Patent No. 2,356,595.
The essential part of said device is a breechblock slidably and tiltably mounted in the casing, said breechblock having locking lugs which in tilted position engage corresponding recesses in the casing. In the older device the length of the tiltable breechblock has to exceed the length of the cartridge chamber opening through which cartridges are introduced into the firing position to leave a sufliciently long part of the breech block supported in the casing during the tilting movement effecting the locking and unlocking of the breechblock. The breechblock, therefore, has to have a greater length than necessary for its safe guidance during its sliding movements, and this greater length results, of course, in an increase in weight of said breechblock. This is of disadvantage especially when the breechblock device is used in gas-operated firearms wherein the masses of moving parts and the length and weight of the casing have to be kept as small as possible.
The main object of my invention is to overcome the above mentioned difficulties. According to my invention the breechblock is divided in two component parts; namely, a slide member guided in the casing and in front thereof and coupled thereto a rotatable bolt member having locking lugs engaging corresponding recesses in the casing or in the breech. Such construction contrives not only to reduce the Weight and length of the firearms, but also to enhance its stability as the center of gravity is moved backwards, that is away from the barrel.
The said and other objects of my invention will be more fully understood from the following specification taken with the accompanying drawing in which one embodiment thereof is illustrated.
In the drawing Fig. 1 illustrates schematically in a side view, partly in section, the arrangement of the breechblock within the casing,
Fig. 2 shows a horizontal section through the breechblock along the line 2--2 in Fig. 3.
Fig. 3 shows an end view of the breechblock in the direction of arrow 3 in Fig. 2 and shows also part of the casing in section, and
Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of the breechblock.
The breechblock has an essentially prismatic shape and is composed of two adjoining and cooperating parts namely a slide member I I and a bolt member i2 in part thereof.
Each of these parts H and I2 has a pair of laterally arranged shoulders I3 which move in corresponding slide channels i6 arranged in the casing IS. The front end of the breechblock part 12 is provided with a pair of triangular locking lugs 23 as disclosed in my Patent No. 2,356,595. These known locking lugs 23' are formed at the end of the beveled faces 22 which are arranged in the bottom and top face of the bolt member I 2. The said lockin lugs 23 engage corresponding recesses I! in the casing I5 or in the breech of the barrel after the bolt member H has been turned into locking position. This turning of the bolt member [2 is effected with the help of the inclined groove 25 arranged laterally thereon into which engages in a manner known per se an active member of an operating handle for moving the breechblock back and forth, or an active member of the gas cylinder group to eiiect the breechblock movement automatically.
The bolt member I 2 is provided with a pivot I 8 which extends into and seats in a corresponding axial bore arranged in the slide member II. The base of said bore is extended into an annular groove i 9 (Fig. 2) into which lead two longitudinal grooves 20 arranged in diametrically opposed positions in the top and in the base respectively of said bore (Fig. 3). The pivot I8 is provided at its outer end with two opposing radial teeth 2| which are introduced through said longitudinal grooves 20 until they engage the annular groove l9 so that the forepart l2 may be turned by into the locking position shown in Figs. 2 and 3.
The bolt member I2 is provided on its front end with two locking lugs 23 which are formed by chamfered surfaces 22 in the same way as described in my Patent No. 2,365,595. These lugs 23 after slightly turning the bolt l2 engage corresponding recesses I! in the casing i5. This turning is achieved with the help of the inclined groove 25 into which engages an active member of the breechblock displacing device as stated above.
The bolt member 12 is further provided with a longitudinal boring into which the ejector 28 is introduced and held therein by a compression spring 29 resting with its other end upon a pin 30 slidingly arranged in said boring. The free end of said pin 30 is pressed against and slides upon the front face of the slide member II and rests in a recess 3| thus securing the breechblock parts H and 12 in their relative position shown in Figs. 2 and 4.
The breechblock parts II and ['2 contain the striker 32 which is charged with the spring 33. The bolt member l2 contains also a conventional cartridge extractor 34.
Although I have shown and described a specific embodiment of my invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many changes, substitutions, additions and omissions may be made therein without departing from the spirit of my invention as set forth in the appended claims. Thus the shape of the two breechblock parts, as well as the connecting and securing means used to join the said partsmay be of different construction.
What I claim as my invention is:
1. In a breechblock device for firearms, a casing, a breechblock slidably mounted in said casing, said breechblock comprising a slide member guided in said casing and a bolt member adjoining said slide member in front thereof, a pivot upon said bolt member extending axially into said slide member and a corresponding boring in the latter to rotatably support said pivot, a circular groove arranged at the base of said boring, at least one tooth upon said pivot interlocking with said circular groove, an axially extending groove in said boring for each of said teeth to permit the same to pass into said circular groove, locking lugs arranged on said bolt member and recesses in said casing adapted to receive said lugs, and means for turning said bolt member from an unlocked position to a locked position in which said lugs are received in said recesses.
2. In a breechblock' device for firearms, a casing, a breechblock slidably mounted in said casing, said breechblock comprising a slide member guided in said casing and a bolt member rotatably coupled thereto in permanently adjoining position in front thereof, coupling means permitting a rotation of said bolt member with regard to said slide member, locking lugs arranged on said bolt member and recesses in said casing adapted to receive said lugs, means for turning said bolt member from an unlocked position to a locked position in which said lugs are received in said recesses, a boring in the bolt member, an ejector in the front part of said boring, a locking pin in its rear part, a pressure spring between said ejector and said locking pin, and a recess in the front face of the slide member cooperating with said locking pin.
J OSEF KOUCKY.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,096,324 Stamm May 12, 1914 1,228,827 Saalfield June 5, 1917 2,035,539 Dicke Mar. 31, 1936 2,125,571 Jacobson Aug. 2, 1938 2,424,264 Yorks July 22, 1947
US763363A 1939-12-22 1947-07-24 Breechblock device for firearms Expired - Lifetime US2485155A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CS615846X 1939-12-22
DE2485155X 1943-12-11

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US2485155A true US2485155A (en) 1949-10-18

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US382429A Expired - Lifetime US2356595A (en) 1939-12-22 1941-03-08 Breech device for firearms
US763363A Expired - Lifetime US2485155A (en) 1939-12-22 1947-07-24 Breechblock device for firearms

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US382429A Expired - Lifetime US2356595A (en) 1939-12-22 1941-03-08 Breech device for firearms

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US (2) US2356595A (en)
BE (2) BE440105A (en)
FR (1) FR893466A (en)
GB (1) GB615846A (en)
NL (1) NL60725C (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2648153A (en) * 1945-02-09 1953-08-11 Allen A Dicke Operating lever means for breech closing mechanisms
US2688203A (en) * 1950-02-01 1954-09-07 Alonzo F Gaidos Folding light automatic rifle
US2881547A (en) * 1955-07-29 1959-04-14 Olin Mathieson Multi-part breech bolt mechanism
US20140260943A1 (en) * 2013-03-18 2014-09-18 Sarsilmaz Silah Sanayi A.S. Submachine gun

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2538048A (en) * 1948-11-10 1951-01-16 Wilbur A Schaich Operating slide for firearms
US2606382A (en) * 1948-11-29 1952-08-12 Wilbur A Schaich Two-piece firearm bolt
US3024531A (en) * 1955-05-10 1962-03-13 Remington Arms Co Inc Cartridge-powered piston type tool
US3955470A (en) * 1973-09-13 1976-05-11 Kruzell George R Bolt operating and locking mechanism for closed breech rocket gun
US9115941B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2015-08-25 Saeilo Enterprises, Inc. Straight pull bolt action system

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1096324A (en) * 1913-12-15 1914-05-12 Hans Stamm Automatic-loading firearm.
US1228827A (en) * 1916-08-08 1917-06-05 Maxim Munitions Corp Recoil-operated firearm.
US2035539A (en) * 1932-11-30 1936-03-31 Remington Arms Co Inc Repeating firearm
US2125571A (en) * 1935-01-10 1938-08-02 Ernest F Jacobson Gun
US2424264A (en) * 1942-10-27 1947-07-22 Gerald A Yorks Composite bolt structure for semiautomatic rifles

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1096324A (en) * 1913-12-15 1914-05-12 Hans Stamm Automatic-loading firearm.
US1228827A (en) * 1916-08-08 1917-06-05 Maxim Munitions Corp Recoil-operated firearm.
US2035539A (en) * 1932-11-30 1936-03-31 Remington Arms Co Inc Repeating firearm
US2125571A (en) * 1935-01-10 1938-08-02 Ernest F Jacobson Gun
US2424264A (en) * 1942-10-27 1947-07-22 Gerald A Yorks Composite bolt structure for semiautomatic rifles

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2648153A (en) * 1945-02-09 1953-08-11 Allen A Dicke Operating lever means for breech closing mechanisms
US2688203A (en) * 1950-02-01 1954-09-07 Alonzo F Gaidos Folding light automatic rifle
US2881547A (en) * 1955-07-29 1959-04-14 Olin Mathieson Multi-part breech bolt mechanism
US20140260943A1 (en) * 2013-03-18 2014-09-18 Sarsilmaz Silah Sanayi A.S. Submachine gun

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BE440105A (en)
NL60725C (en)
GB615846A (en) 1949-01-12
US2356595A (en) 1944-08-22
FR893466A (en) 1944-07-28
BE466192A (en)

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