US2482158A - Directive antenna system - Google Patents

Directive antenna system Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2482158A
US2482158A US606426A US60642645A US2482158A US 2482158 A US2482158 A US 2482158A US 606426 A US606426 A US 606426A US 60642645 A US60642645 A US 60642645A US 2482158 A US2482158 A US 2482158A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
reflector
plane
antenna
directive
axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US606426A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Cassius C Cutler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AT&T Corp
Original Assignee
Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE466752D priority Critical patent/BE466752A/xx
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US606426A priority patent/US2482158A/en
Priority to GB18432/46A priority patent/GB626311A/en
Priority to FR930057D priority patent/FR930057A/fr
Priority to CH255580D priority patent/CH255580A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2482158A publication Critical patent/US2482158A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/13—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source being a single radiating element, e.g. a dipole, a slot, a waveguide termination
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/13—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source being a single radiating element, e.g. a dipole, a slot, a waveguide termination
    • H01Q19/134—Rear-feeds; Splash plate feeds

Definitions

  • a paraboloidal reflector converts a spherical Wave front originating at its point focus into a plane or flat wave front perpendicular to the reflector axis and, conversely, transforms an incoming plane wave front into a spherical wave front centered on the focus. If the active or primary antenna element at the point focus is not dimensionless, a perfectly flat wave front is not established in the case of transmission and, in reception, the spherical wave front incoming to the primary antenna is not absorbed in an optimum manner, that is, maximum directive action in transmission, and in reception are not obtained. Considered in terms of optics, under the-condi ion.
  • wave guide generically applies'to conductive guides, such as a 45 two-wire or coaxial line, and to dielectric guides such as a bare, solid dielectric rod or a metallic pipe containing a liquid, solid or gaseous dielectric substance.
  • conductive guides such as a 45 two-wire or coaxial line
  • dielectric guides such as a bare, solid dielectric rod or a metallic pipe containing a liquid, solid or gaseous dielectric substance.
  • the term .feed applies broadly to the primary or active antenna, which coopcrates with the main reflector or secondary an,-
  • the feed supplies or feeds the energy delivered by the transmitter to the main reflector, and in reception it supplies or feeds the energy collected by the main reflector to the receiver or other utilization device.
  • the term directive characteristic connotes the directive quality, considered in the solid or in three dimensions, of an antenna, whereas the term "directive pattern signifies the trace or projection on a specified plane, such as the E plane or H plane, of the directive characteristic.
  • the numerals I2, l3 and I4 denoting, respectively, the focal point, the axis and the vertex of the parabola when it assumes a position I5 opposite from position II.
  • the focal points 8 and I 2 lie on the ring focus or curvate focal line 5.
  • the distance a between the reflector axis 3 of the main reflector I and the parabola axis 9, or I3, that is, the radius a of the ring focus 5 is critically dependent upon the design of the primary antenna.
  • an antenna system comprises a parabo'liform reflector having a reflecting surface corre sponding to that obtained by rotating a parabola," and more particularly its axis aboiit a linep'ar'ah" lel to the parabola axis and herein'ter medithe reflector axis.
  • the primary antenna for the reflector comprises a wave guide having an annular aperture positionedon, that is, coincident with, the circular focal line.
  • the E and H plane major lobes are substantially the same, and very “sharp, and the minor lobes are negligible.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 are, 'respectively,'side sectional and'front views of "one embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 3 illustrates the measured directive patterns for the primary antenna inthe embodiment of Figs. 1 and 2;
  • Fig. 4 illustrates the directive patterns for the 7 complete embodiment of Figs. 1 and 2;
  • Fig. 5 is'a perspective view'of another embodi-c' merit of the invention.
  • Fig.6 "illustrates the directive patterns forithe. embodiment Of'Fig. 5; and y Fig. 7 illustrates, for comparison purposes, "the directive patterns of acomparable prior art antenna comprising a conventional parab'oloidal 'reflector and "a front disk reflector. 7
  • number I denotes a concave main reflectorhaving a vertax 2, a reflector axis '3, jacircul'ar opening 4 and a circular or circumferential 'foc'a'lline 5, that is, 'a focal circle or ring focus 5.
  • the 'refl'ec'tor' I has a flat central or inner portion 5 'andanouter parabolic surface l and hence, in any "plane containing axis 3, its contour or configuration is paraboliform.
  • the surface of reflector I corresponds 'to that obtained by rotating the axis of a parabola, 'and'the parabolic curve portion lying on one side'of the parabola axis, about a given line parallel 'to the parabola axis, and in a manner such that'the axisof'the parab- 01a rotates about the line andjgen'erates a cyl inder,
  • reference numerals 8, 9 and I ll denote, respectively, the 'focal 'po'int, the axis and the vertex of a parabola', thefupper portion of which is represented by adash-dash line II and the lower portionpf which coincides with the lower portion "of reflectorfl tenet-at ing the parabola about the' axis 3 f' frefle'ctor I a 'paraboliform"suifaceis generateii' orobtained; 75 se -seam in es'isuremeiit that zwave xtent
  • the focus of the'parabolifoi'm" reflector is a circular, or more accurately. a. cir 7 axis 3 of the paraboliform'reflector I.
  • Reference numeral I8 denotes a translation deyice such as a radar transceiver and numeral I9 designates a dielectric circular guide comprising a metallic tube”!!! containing a dielectric 2I (air) and having an outside radius band an inside radius '0.
  • the guide I9 extends through the vertexportion fi of reflector I and along the reflectori axis 3. It is connected at its near end to device l8, and a circular iris or opening 22 of radius c is provided atfits far end.
  • the wall. and disk 25 are preferably formed from one piece'of sheet metal.
  • the disk 25 faces both aperture 22-and the-main reflector I;
  • the guide I9 projects into thedrum 23 a distance i "and forms with the outer surface of guide Man annular antenna aperture 26.
  • The-axial spacing between the disk 25 and the iris '22,'and the radial spacing between guide I9 and the rim 24 are denoted, respectively, by the reference letters g and h.
  • the circular disk '25, the annular antenna aperture 26 and the ring focus5 are coaxially related and :centered "onthemain'reflector'axis 3.
  • the radius ;a :of the 'ring'focus '5 is greater than-the radiusc of iris llandsinalli than the-radius'e *ancewith Fig. 1 and tested at an operating or de- 7 sign wavelength 1% equal to 3 tent-meters, as discussedbelow iirconn'ection with Figs.
  • thecbnverse bperatio'nf is obtained, and the incoming echo waves impinging u onf refieeter are directed into the amines an thence *eonveyeu ever guide 19 to th reeeiver and indi tor indevicm.
  • -. ..Equation 2. represents the surface generated by a parabola rotated about a :line parallel to its axis at a distance a from the axis.
  • a paraboliform reflector I having a ringifoc'us is utilized. with'a primary antenna which produces or receives a quasi-toroidal wave front, the ring focus and the apparent origin of the quasi-toroidal front being coincident.
  • the radius a of the 'ring focus, and therefore the relative areas of thevertex portion and outer portion of reflector I, are determined by the design or size of the primary antenna 26 and, in particular, by the radius of the circular origin of the quasi-toroidal wave front. In the embodiment of Fig. 1, the radius of the circular origin corresponds to the mean radius of the annular antenna aperture 26.
  • references numerals 28 and 29 denote, respectively, the measured directive zero or E plane pattern and the measured 90- degree of H plane pattern, of a primary antenna 26 of the drum type, as shown in Fig. 1, the drum dimensions being as given above. While the E plane may have any position, during the test it was horizontal.
  • Reference numeral 3! denotes the directive pattern taken in the 45-degree plane bisecting the dihedral angle formed by the E and H planes and hereinafter termed B plane.
  • Reference numerals 3!, 32 and 33 denote, respectively, the major lobes of patterns 28, 29 and 30. As shown in Fig.
  • each major lobe is bifarious or bicephalous and includes a cone-shaped core or axial region 34 of null action. Since the guide I!) extends between the primary antenna 26 and the secondary antenna I, and is aligned with the beam core, the cone of null action is not significant and the entire reflector I is adequately illuminated.
  • the lobe "it will be .noted, tapers from a maximum intensity value in the axial region to a value about 10 decibels below maximum at degrees whereby optimum illumination is obtained as explained in myPatent 2,422,184 mentioned above. ,1 I
  • reference numerals 35 and 36 designate, respectively, the E plane and H plane measured patterns of a complete system, such as illustrated by Fig. 1, and comprising a main paraboliform reflector having a ring focus and a primary antenna of the drum type.
  • the E plane pattern v35 includes a major lobe 31, the first nulls 38, the first minor lobes 39 and the secondary minor lobes 4B; and the H plane pattern includes a major lobe 4
  • theiportions of major lobes 31 and' li 'abovelO decibels are exactly superimposed, and the portions below 10 decibels are almost exactly superimposed; so' that a point-beam having, as is desired, equal E plane and H plane widths is secured,
  • , taken at'the -3 decibel point, is about 4.8 degrees and the axial gain is 31.3 decibels.
  • the E plane and H plane first nulls 38, 42 are down atleast 30 and 30.5 decibels, respectively; and the E plane and H plane first minor lobes 39, 43 are down at least 21 and 18.5 decibels, respectively.
  • the system of Fig. 5 is the same, from a structural standpoint, as the system of Figs. 1 and 2 except that a disk reflector 25 is utilized in place of the drum 23, that is, the wall 24 is omitted in the system ofFig. 5.
  • the disk reflector '25 is attached to the guide l3 by means of the electrically transparent housing 45.
  • the ring focus is between the disk reflector 25 and the end iris 22 in guide l9, whereas in Figs. 1 and 2, it is between the main reflector I and the end iris 22.
  • the radius a of the ring focus was 0.571 as compared to 0.631 for the tested. system using a drum 23. Also, in the tested embodiment of Fig. 5, the spacing between the disk 25 and the ring focus was 0.13) and the radius e of the disk 25 was 1.0x, as in the tested embodiment of Figs. 1 and 2.
  • the transceiving operation of the embodiment of Fig. 5 is substantially the same as that -'-of the system of Figs. 1 and 2.
  • the disk primary antenna 22, 25 of Fig. 5 produces a quasi-toroidal wave front which differs to some extent from the quasi-toroidal wave front established by the drum primary antenna 22, 25, 26 of Figs. 1 and 2.
  • the directive patterns (not shown) of the disk primary antenna are of the point-beam type, they are not in general as satisfactory as the point-beam patterns shown in Fig. 4 and obtained for the drum primary antenna of Figs. 1 and 2; and accordingly the drum primary antenna of Fig. 1 is preferred over the disk primary antenna of Fig. 5.
  • the B plane-minor lobes 3-9, 'F-ig'.- 7, are very close-to the major lobe 31 and in effeet form withthe major'lobe 3! a very wide main lobeat thee-12 decibel point, whereby the upper portions of the E and H plane main lobes,-Fig.' 7, for the prior art systemare substantially diiTeren-t and-a true point-beam, considered in the solid, is not obtained.
  • the E and H plane major -lobes 3l, M, Fig.- 6, for thesystem of the invention are substantial-ly'the 'same down to the 18 decibel point, and a highly satisiactonypointbeam is secured.
  • the Figs. fi-and 7 the :gain of-the system ofthe inventionis about decibel greater than thegain of the prior-art system. 7
  • V e In combination; a concave- 'm'ain'refiector having an axis and a focal circle, said focal circle being-included in *a "plane perpendicular to' and centered on said ⁇ axis; a dielectric guide extend-'- the vertexof said 'rei'iecto'r and along "said axis,-'sai i'l guide ⁇ having an end circularap'erturey'anda flatciroular reflector facing said apef- "tureand said main reflector,- th'e diameter of said feealbimle being greater thanthatof said circular aperture and-smaller than that of said eireular research 7 v 2.
  • the system of Fig. 1 is 3113 decibels whereas'the gain for the prior art system-isaboutaofi decibels.
  • the antenna systems of the invention have a higher gain-. lower m-inor-lobes, and-more-desirable pointbeams.-- e
  • fiectoi' andfl'iavin 1 an end circular iape'i turey a drum-reflector eo-m'prising a cylindricai wall and a eircular disk reflector attachedto said wall and :faoin'gsaidaperture; the 1 151211111151381 "-Of Said 1 01385 biicl' bei h'giintrmediateto the diameters 0f said drum-reflector:and said-aperturel 1 a 3.

Landscapes

  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
US606426A 1945-07-21 1945-07-21 Directive antenna system Expired - Lifetime US2482158A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE466752D BE466752A (de) 1945-07-21
US606426A US2482158A (en) 1945-07-21 1945-07-21 Directive antenna system
GB18432/46A GB626311A (en) 1945-07-21 1946-06-19 Improvements in antenna systems
FR930057D FR930057A (fr) 1945-07-21 1946-07-01 Perfectionnements aux systèmes d'antennes
CH255580D CH255580A (fr) 1945-07-21 1946-07-10 Aérien à réflecteur.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US606426A US2482158A (en) 1945-07-21 1945-07-21 Directive antenna system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2482158A true US2482158A (en) 1949-09-20

Family

ID=24427922

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US606426A Expired - Lifetime US2482158A (en) 1945-07-21 1945-07-21 Directive antenna system

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2482158A (de)
BE (1) BE466752A (de)
CH (1) CH255580A (de)
FR (1) FR930057A (de)
GB (1) GB626311A (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2605415A (en) * 1945-09-14 1952-07-29 Samuel J Mason Parabolic reflector
US2829366A (en) * 1955-03-25 1958-04-01 Raytheon Mfg Co Antenna feed
US2846679A (en) * 1953-12-15 1958-08-05 Hughes Aircraft Co Beam forming antenna
US2893003A (en) * 1957-06-26 1959-06-30 James S Arnold Antenna feed
US3162858A (en) * 1960-12-19 1964-12-22 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ring focus antenna feed
US3218643A (en) * 1961-03-01 1965-11-16 Peter W Hannan Double-reflector antenna with critical dimensioning to achieve minimum aperture blocking
WO1987007771A1 (en) * 1986-06-03 1987-12-17 Stiftelsen For Industriell Og Teknisk Forskning Ve Reflector antenna with a self-supported feed
FR2600824A1 (fr) * 1986-06-25 1987-12-31 Coulet Gilbert Antenne a large bande pour hyperfrequences
WO1999010950A2 (en) * 1997-08-21 1999-03-04 Kildal Antenna Consulting Ab Improved reflector antenna with a self-supported feed
US6522305B2 (en) 2000-02-25 2003-02-18 Andrew Corporation Microwave antennas

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9007976D0 (en) * 1990-04-09 1990-06-06 Marconi Electronic Devices Antenna arrangement

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1281752A (en) * 1918-05-11 1918-10-15 Gen Electric Floodlight-reflector.
FR527896A (fr) * 1920-12-04 1921-11-03 Gabriel Guinet Système de réflecteur parabolique pour chauffage et éclairage
US1857120A (en) * 1930-05-29 1932-05-03 Transom Frederick Projector lamp
US1973296A (en) * 1929-04-24 1934-09-11 Telefunken Gmbh Broadcasting system using ultrashort waves
US2083242A (en) * 1934-01-27 1937-06-08 Telefunken Gmbh Method of direction finding
US2095083A (en) * 1934-11-17 1937-10-05 Telefunken Gmbh Directional antenna system
US2206923A (en) * 1934-09-12 1940-07-09 American Telephone & Telegraph Short wave radio system
DE694423C (de) * 1933-12-14 1940-08-01 Chem Fab Dr Hugo Stoltzenberg Atemschutzfilter mit mehreren loesbar hintereinandergeschalteten Einzelfiltern
US2370053A (en) * 1940-12-31 1945-02-20 Rca Corp Directive antenna system
US2407057A (en) * 1942-01-23 1946-09-03 Rca Corp Antenna system
US2422184A (en) * 1944-01-15 1947-06-17 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Directional microwave antenna

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1281752A (en) * 1918-05-11 1918-10-15 Gen Electric Floodlight-reflector.
FR527896A (fr) * 1920-12-04 1921-11-03 Gabriel Guinet Système de réflecteur parabolique pour chauffage et éclairage
US1973296A (en) * 1929-04-24 1934-09-11 Telefunken Gmbh Broadcasting system using ultrashort waves
US1857120A (en) * 1930-05-29 1932-05-03 Transom Frederick Projector lamp
DE694423C (de) * 1933-12-14 1940-08-01 Chem Fab Dr Hugo Stoltzenberg Atemschutzfilter mit mehreren loesbar hintereinandergeschalteten Einzelfiltern
US2083242A (en) * 1934-01-27 1937-06-08 Telefunken Gmbh Method of direction finding
US2206923A (en) * 1934-09-12 1940-07-09 American Telephone & Telegraph Short wave radio system
US2095083A (en) * 1934-11-17 1937-10-05 Telefunken Gmbh Directional antenna system
US2370053A (en) * 1940-12-31 1945-02-20 Rca Corp Directive antenna system
US2407057A (en) * 1942-01-23 1946-09-03 Rca Corp Antenna system
US2422184A (en) * 1944-01-15 1947-06-17 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Directional microwave antenna

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2605415A (en) * 1945-09-14 1952-07-29 Samuel J Mason Parabolic reflector
US2846679A (en) * 1953-12-15 1958-08-05 Hughes Aircraft Co Beam forming antenna
US2829366A (en) * 1955-03-25 1958-04-01 Raytheon Mfg Co Antenna feed
US2893003A (en) * 1957-06-26 1959-06-30 James S Arnold Antenna feed
US3162858A (en) * 1960-12-19 1964-12-22 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ring focus antenna feed
DE1245447B (de) * 1960-12-19 1967-07-27 Western Electric Co Richtantenne mit Ringfokus-Paraboloidreflektor
US3218643A (en) * 1961-03-01 1965-11-16 Peter W Hannan Double-reflector antenna with critical dimensioning to achieve minimum aperture blocking
WO1987007771A1 (en) * 1986-06-03 1987-12-17 Stiftelsen For Industriell Og Teknisk Forskning Ve Reflector antenna with a self-supported feed
FR2600824A1 (fr) * 1986-06-25 1987-12-31 Coulet Gilbert Antenne a large bande pour hyperfrequences
WO1999010950A2 (en) * 1997-08-21 1999-03-04 Kildal Antenna Consulting Ab Improved reflector antenna with a self-supported feed
WO1999010950A3 (en) * 1997-08-21 1999-05-20 Kildal Antenna Consulting Ab Improved reflector antenna with a self-supported feed
US6522305B2 (en) 2000-02-25 2003-02-18 Andrew Corporation Microwave antennas

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR930057A (fr) 1948-01-15
BE466752A (de)
GB626311A (en) 1949-07-13
CH255580A (fr) 1948-06-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3162858A (en) Ring focus antenna feed
KR102191808B1 (ko) 무선 통신 터미널에 부착되는 반사경 배열
EP3005482B1 (de) Antenne für mehrere frequenzbänder
US8102324B2 (en) Sub-reflector of a dual-reflector antenna
US2423648A (en) Antenna
CN108701905B (zh) 一种喇叭天线
US2663797A (en) Directive antenna
US2422184A (en) Directional microwave antenna
US2825900A (en) Directional receiver
US2409183A (en) Microwave antenna
US2482158A (en) Directive antenna system
US10476166B2 (en) Dual-reflector microwave antenna
US6441793B1 (en) Method and apparatus for wireless communications and sensing utilizing a non-collimating lens
US3274603A (en) Wide angle horn feed closely spaced to main reflector
US3611392A (en) Primary feed for dish reflector having dielectric lens to reduce side lobes
GB534067A (en) Horns for the transmission and reception of ultra-short electromagnetic waves
US2486589A (en) Apple-core reflector antenna
US2767396A (en) Directive antenna systems
US3196438A (en) Antenna system
US6275196B1 (en) Parabolic horn antenna for wireless high-speed internet access
US3133284A (en) Paraboloidal antenna with compensating elements to reduce back radiation into feed
US3216018A (en) Wide angle horn feed closely spaced to main reflector
GB688374A (en) Improvements in or relating to dielectric antennae
US2483575A (en) Directional microwave antenna
US3990080A (en) Antenna with echo cancelling elements