US2477647A - Antenna - Google Patents

Antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
US2477647A
US2477647A US575079A US57507945A US2477647A US 2477647 A US2477647 A US 2477647A US 575079 A US575079 A US 575079A US 57507945 A US57507945 A US 57507945A US 2477647 A US2477647 A US 2477647A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
conductors
antenna
antennas
impedance
pair
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US575079A
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English (en)
Inventor
Sidney B Pickles
Anthony M Casabona
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STC PLC
Federal Telephone and Radio Corp
Original Assignee
Standard Telephone and Cables PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Standard Telephone and Cables PLC filed Critical Standard Telephone and Cables PLC
Priority to US575079A priority Critical patent/US2477647A/en
Priority to ES0180054A priority patent/ES180054A1/es
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2477647A publication Critical patent/US2477647A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/02—Details
    • H01Q19/04—Means for collapsing H-antennas or Yagi antennas

Definitions

  • This invention relates to composite antennas and more particularly to directive antenna systems of the type utilizing directly and parasitically energized antenna arrays.
  • antenna-s particularly composite ants s a e f s veral antenna un ts. be d mountably supported in operation.
  • the parts of the antenna may be separated so as to take up less space than the entire antenna assembly when in use. This is particularly true when the antenna, because of required directional properties, consists of a threeedhensional array of antenna units which may be quite bulky.
  • the portions separated in the demount-ing operation may not always be properly connected when the antenna is set up for operation.
  • each of the antennas comprises a pair of arms, and each of the arms consists of two elements s-pacecla small distance apart at the point at which they are fastened with a conductor and joined together at their remote ends.
  • This construction produces a reduced impedance of each of the antennas and at the same time in such demountable antennas.
  • the conductors of the transmission line are provided with extensions preferably offset from the plane of the antennas and extending therebeyond a distance dependent upon the antenna impedance. Each pair of ex.- tensions is connected by a short-circuiting plate. These short circuited extensions are of such length as to neutralize the reactive impedance of the antenna array so that a point of pure resistive impedance is produced and the antenna array may be mounted by any desired support.- in means fastened to the short circuiting plates. In order to obtain the desired impedance match.- ing of the structure to a feeder transmission line, the two antennas are preferably spaced apart a half wavelength at the operating frequency and an, impedance transformer is connected; to.
  • the impedance transformer may then serve to reduce the entire impedance of the an. tenn-a array as seen from the transmission line substantially to the value of the impedance of this line.
  • A. second similarly constructed reflector or reradiation antenna array is provided for mounting directly behind the fed antenna array to produce a unidirectional, effect.
  • This reflector ant nna array is likewise mounted at a zero voltage point so that when the composite antenna is assembled for transmission, the electrical effects will always be the same.
  • these antenna arrays may be separated when removed from the mounting structure so that they may be nested for store ing in a much smaller space than would be required for the entire composite antenna.
  • Fig. l is an illustration in perspective of the composite antenna assembly as mounted for use.
  • Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of the directly fed antenna array illustrating the electrical properties thereof.
  • Antenna array l consists of two dipole antennas 3 and 4 fixedly secured to the conductors and 6 of a transmission line I.
  • Antennas 3 and 4 are preferably spaced apart substantially a half wavelength at the operating frequency and line 1 may be transposed as shown at 8 so that antennas 3 and 4 will be energized cophasally.
  • Antenna 3 may consist of separate arms extending in opposite directions from conductors 5 and 6, each of the arms comprising upper elements 9 and lower elements If!
  • antenna l may consist of upper elements l2 and lower elements l3 spaced apart at their juncture with conductors 5 and 6 and joined at their remote ends by means of plates [4.
  • Antennas 3 and 4 are preferably arranged in the same plane.
  • Conductors 5 and 6 have extensions extending beyond the upper end of antenna array l as shown at l5 and beyond the lower end as shown at it. These extensions l5, [6 are made of the desired length at the oper atin frequency and shorted together at their remote ends by means of shorting supporting plates l1 and I8, respectively.
  • the extensions are made of such length so as to provide an inductive impedance to neutralize the capacitive reactance of the antenna.
  • These extensions l5 and I6 extend away from the plane of antennas 3 and 4 as illustrated. Preferably, they extend a distance inwardly suflicient to provide half of the desired spacing between the fed antenna array I and the parasitic antenna array 2. Since these shorting plates l1 and I8 are substantially at ground potential, they may be used for mounting the antenna without producing any effect on the antenna assembly.
  • An impedance transformer i9 is coupled to conductors 5 and 6 at a point adjacent antenna 4. This impedance transformer is made substantially a quarter of a wavelength long and is arranged for coupling to a feeder line 20. Transformer It serves to reduce the overall impedance of antenna array l substantially to the impedance of feeder line 2t.
  • Parasitic antenna array 2 consists likewise of two antennas 2i and 22 substantially similar in construction to antenna units 3 and l fastened to separate supporting lines 23, 24 of a second transmission line.
  • Antennas 2! and 22 also comprise separate upper and lower elements 25, 26, 21 and 23 fastened together at their remote ends as indicated at 29 and 3E].
  • the conductors 23 and 24 are provided with extensions 3
  • a coupling loop 39 provided with a socket 40 may be arranged coupled to the two conductors 23, 24 of the parasitic antenna array as indicated.
  • the antenna unit is remarkably free from the affects of atmospheric conditions. However, wet snow bridging between conductors 5 and E or 23, 24 may cause some trouble. To avoid this difficulty, a cover of insulating material, not shown, may be fitted over the unit but need not cover the extending radiators 3, 4, 2
  • Fig. 2 A better understanding of the electrical properties of the antenna in accordance with our invention may be had by reference to Fig. 2.
  • the antenna 3 is shown as having a normal impedance wl and similarly antenna A has the same impedance wl. This impedance is lower than would be obtained with an ordinary single rod dipole.
  • These two antenna units interconnected by line I will present at a junction point H of transformer l9 and transmission line I an impedanc equal to If then transformer l9 has a 5 to 1 impedance transformation ratio, the impedance of the entire antenna array looking in from line 20, at point 42, will have an impedance of This impedance may be so chosen that it is sub stantially equal to the normal impedance of feeder line 20.
  • the spacing between the antenna arrays I and 2 may be so chosen as to provide the desired directional properties. Where it is desired to have maximum front to back radiation, the spacing should be made substantially about electrical degrees. Accordingly, in the general construction this spacing may be considerably different from the optimum spacing. It should be understood that transmission line sections l5, It may be made to differ from the chosen length by multiples of a half wavelength line and still preserve the desired results. All that is necessary is that these lines be made substantially electrically of such a length as to preserve the desired impedance.
  • a demountable antenna structure comprising a first pair of conductors forming a twoconductor transmission line, two antennas fastened to the conductors of said first pair in spaced relation, said antennas being substantially in a given plane, said conductors extending substantially a quarter wavelength at the operating freamass? portingstructure.
  • a dernountable antenna structure comprising a first pair of r-elativelyrigid conductorsforming a two-conductor transmission line, two relatively rigid dipole antennas fastened to the conductors of said first pair in spaced relation, said antennas being substantially in a given plane, said conductors extending beyond said antennas, and having their ends in a plane spaced from said given plane, conductive means fasteningtogether the ends of said conductors, a second pair ofrelatively rigid conductors forming second two-con ductor transmission line, other relatively rigid dipole antennas fastened to the conductors of said second line in spaced relation and substantially in a single plane, the ends of said conductors of the second pair extending substantially a quarter wavelength at said operating frequency beyond said other antennas and having their ends spaced from said single plane, conductive means fastening together the ends of the conductors of said second pair, and means for securing said conductive means together on a supporting structure.
  • a demountable antenna structure cornprising a first pair of conductors forming a tWOaCOn" ductor transmission line, two antennas fastened to the conductors of said first pair spaced apart a half wave length in a given plane, said teen ductors extending beyond said antennas, and having their ends in a plane spaced from said given plane, conductive means fastening together the ends of said conductors, a second pair of corn ductors forming a second two-conductor transmission line, other dipole antennas fastened to the conductors of said second pair spaced apart a half wavelength in a single plane, the ends of said conductors of the second pair extending beyond said other antennas and having their ends spaced from said single plane, conductive means fastening together the ends of the conductors of said second pair, and means for securing said conductive means together on a supportin structure.
  • a demountable antenna structure comprising a first pair of relatively rigid conductors forming a two-conductor transposed transmission line, two relatively rigid dipole antennas fastened to the conductors of said first pair spaced apart a half Wavelength at the operating frequency substantially in a given plane, said conductors extending beyond said antennas, and having their ends of a plane spaced from said given plane, con ductive means fastening together the ends of said conductors, a second pair of relatively rigid conductors forming a second two-conductor transmission line, other relatively rigid dipole antennas fastened to the conductors of said second pair in spaced relation and substantially in a single plane, the ends of said conductors of the second pair extending beyond said other antennas and having :their ends spaced from said single :plane, conductive means fastening together the ends of the conductors of said second gpair meansfor securing said conductive means together on a supporting structure, .and impedance transformer means coupledto saidfirst transmission line adjacentone of
  • Ademountable antenna structure comprising a'fir-st pair of rigid conductors forming .a twoconductor transmissionline, two rigid dipol an" tennaseach-comprising separate elements extending'from said first pair of conductors, said elements being joined together atitheir remote ends and being spaced apart at their juncture With .the conductors of saidlfirst line, said antennas being spaced apart substantially a half wavelength at the operatin frequency substantiall ina given plane,;said conductors extending beyond said antennas, and-having their ends'in a plane spaced from said given plane, conductive means fasten ing together the ends of said conductors, asecond pair of rigid conductors forming a second two-conductor transmission line, other rigid dipole antennas of similar construction to said dipoles first *named fastened to the conductors of said second line, in spaced relation and substantiallyc-in a single planeythe ends of said iconductors of the second pair extending beyond said other
  • Aidemountable antenna structure comprising afirstnpair of rigid conductors forming a'twoconductortransmission line, two rigid dipole antennas each comprising separate elements extending from said firstpair of conductors, said elements bein joined together at their remote ends and being.
  • conductive means fastening together the ends of said conductors, asecond pair of rigid conductors formin a second twoconductor'transmission line, other rigid dipole antennas of similar construction to said dipoles first named-fastened:totheconductors of said second line, in spaced relation and substantially in a single plane, the ends of said conductors of the second pair extending beyond said other antennas and having their ends spaced from said single plane, conductive means fastening together the ends of the conductors of said second pair, means for securing said conductive means together on a supporting structure, impedance transformer means coupled to said first transmission line adjacent one of said fed antennas, and a coupling loop mounted in coupling relation with said second transmission line.
  • a demountable antenna structure comprising a first pair of relatively rigid conductors, forming a two-conductor transposed transmission line, two relatively rigid dipole antennas each dipole comprising two arms each arm comprising two elements, said elements being fastened to the conductors of said first line at spaced points thereon, the remote ends of the dipole elements being rigidly fastened together, said antennas bein spaced apart a half wavelength at the operating frequency substantially in a given plane, said conductors extending beyond said antennas, and having their ends in a plane spaced from said given plane, conductive means fastening together the ends of said conductors, a second pair of relatively rigid conductors forming a second two-conductor transmission line, other relatively rigid dipole antennas fastened to the conductors of said second pair in spaced relation and substantially in a single plane, the ends of said conductors of the second pair extending beyond said other antennas and having their ends spaced from said single plane, conductive means fastening together the ends of the conductors of said second second
  • An antenna array operating at a predetermined frequency comprising a length of two conductor transmission line having ends, dipole antennas, each of said poles of said dipole antennas comprising antenna elements, the poles of each of said dipole antennas extending in opposite directions in a given plane from said conductors and joined thereto, said elements of each of said poles being conductively joined together at their remote ends and being joined to said conductors at predetermined points thereon spaced small distances apart, said dipole antennas being in the given plane and spaced substantially a half wavelength apart along said transmission line at the operating frequency, the conductors of said transmission line being transposed to feed the dipole antennas cophasally, reactance neutralizing means comprising extensions of said conductors, said extensions having a predetermined length at the operating frequency and being in a plane spaced from said given plane, means electrically connecting said extensions together, said conneoting means comprising support means for said antenna array at substantially a minimum impedance point of said array.
  • An antenna array for operating at a predetermined frequency comprising a length of relatively rigid two-conductor transmission line having ends, a plurality of rigid dipole antennas fastened to said conductors at pre-determined spaced points along the length thereof, each pole of said dipole antennas including two-conducting elements fastened to one of said conductors of said rigid transmission line at spaced points, said two-conducting elements being connected at their remote ends, reactance neutralizing means comprising relatively rigid two-conductor extensions of said line at said ends, said two-conductor extensions being substantially one-quarter Wave length at the operating frequency, rigid connecting means electrically connecting the ends of said conductor extensions, said connecting means comprising support means for said antenna array at substantially a minimum impedance point of said array, and an impedance transformer electrically coupled to said transmission line at a point substantially at the connection of one of said antennas thereto, the spacing of said antennas along said conductors of said transmission line and the position of connection of said impedance transformer to said line being selected such that the effective impedance presented

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  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
US575079A 1945-01-29 1945-01-29 Antenna Expired - Lifetime US2477647A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US575079A US2477647A (en) 1945-01-29 1945-01-29 Antenna
ES0180054A ES180054A1 (es) 1945-01-29 1947-10-09 Sistemas de antenas

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US575079A US2477647A (en) 1945-01-29 1945-01-29 Antenna

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US2477647A true US2477647A (en) 1949-08-02

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2531035A (en) * 1950-02-21 1950-11-21 Epstein Sol Television antenna
US2538915A (en) * 1950-04-27 1951-01-23 Workshop Associates Inc Short-wave antenna
US2691102A (en) * 1950-08-14 1954-10-05 Rca Corp High gain vhf antenna system
US2699500A (en) * 1950-08-28 1955-01-11 Michael D Ercolino Bidirectional antenna
US2716703A (en) * 1952-05-15 1955-08-30 James M Kane Television antenna
US2977597A (en) * 1959-04-06 1961-03-28 Collins Radio Co Frequency independent split beam antenna
US4641146A (en) * 1984-07-09 1987-02-03 General Dynamics Electronics Division Dipole array with phase and amplitude control

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1927393A (en) * 1931-07-10 1933-09-19 Int Communications Lab Inc Transmission system for ultrashort waves
GB416296A (en) * 1933-05-10 1934-09-13 Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co Improvements in or relating to dipole aerials
US2086976A (en) * 1935-09-20 1937-07-13 Rca Corp Antenna system
US2183784A (en) * 1935-01-04 1939-12-19 Rca Corp Directional antenna
US2187014A (en) * 1937-03-13 1940-01-16 Telefunken Gmbh Antenna transformer
US2287220A (en) * 1941-04-09 1942-06-23 Mackay Radio & Telegraph Co Transmitting antenna
US2298449A (en) * 1941-11-08 1942-10-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Antenna
US2338564A (en) * 1942-07-02 1944-01-04 Zenith Radio Corp Turnstile antenna
US2341558A (en) * 1942-03-25 1944-02-15 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Marker beacon
US2352977A (en) * 1942-09-18 1944-07-04 Gen Electric Self-compensating video antenna

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1927393A (en) * 1931-07-10 1933-09-19 Int Communications Lab Inc Transmission system for ultrashort waves
GB416296A (en) * 1933-05-10 1934-09-13 Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co Improvements in or relating to dipole aerials
US2183784A (en) * 1935-01-04 1939-12-19 Rca Corp Directional antenna
US2086976A (en) * 1935-09-20 1937-07-13 Rca Corp Antenna system
US2187014A (en) * 1937-03-13 1940-01-16 Telefunken Gmbh Antenna transformer
US2287220A (en) * 1941-04-09 1942-06-23 Mackay Radio & Telegraph Co Transmitting antenna
US2298449A (en) * 1941-11-08 1942-10-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Antenna
US2341558A (en) * 1942-03-25 1944-02-15 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Marker beacon
US2338564A (en) * 1942-07-02 1944-01-04 Zenith Radio Corp Turnstile antenna
US2352977A (en) * 1942-09-18 1944-07-04 Gen Electric Self-compensating video antenna

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2531035A (en) * 1950-02-21 1950-11-21 Epstein Sol Television antenna
US2538915A (en) * 1950-04-27 1951-01-23 Workshop Associates Inc Short-wave antenna
US2691102A (en) * 1950-08-14 1954-10-05 Rca Corp High gain vhf antenna system
US2699500A (en) * 1950-08-28 1955-01-11 Michael D Ercolino Bidirectional antenna
US2716703A (en) * 1952-05-15 1955-08-30 James M Kane Television antenna
US2977597A (en) * 1959-04-06 1961-03-28 Collins Radio Co Frequency independent split beam antenna
US4641146A (en) * 1984-07-09 1987-02-03 General Dynamics Electronics Division Dipole array with phase and amplitude control

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES180054A1 (es) 1947-11-16

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