US2477246A - Submarine signaling device - Google Patents

Submarine signaling device Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2477246A
US2477246A US594049A US59404945A US2477246A US 2477246 A US2477246 A US 2477246A US 594049 A US594049 A US 594049A US 59404945 A US59404945 A US 59404945A US 2477246 A US2477246 A US 2477246A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
crystal
face
housing
supersonic
submarine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US594049A
Inventor
Rollin W Gillespie
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AT&T Corp
Original Assignee
Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US594049A priority Critical patent/US2477246A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2477246A publication Critical patent/US2477246A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B06B1/0644—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element
    • B06B1/0662—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element with an electrode on the sensitive surface
    • B06B1/067—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element with an electrode on the sensitive surface which is used as, or combined with, an impedance matching layer

Definitions

  • This invention relates to submarine signaling devices and more particularly to supersonic submarine signal transceivers of the piezoelectri type.
  • Supersonic submarine signal transceivers of the piezoelectric type of one present known construction comprise in general, a piezoelectric crystal mounted within a protective housing, the space between the active face of the crystal and the opposed housing wall being filled with a suitable liquid for providing a continuous transmission path of approximately the same impedance as that of sea water, between the crystal face and the sea in which the transceiver is immersed.
  • a suitable liquid for providing a continuous transmission path of approximately the same impedance as that of sea water, between the crystal face and the sea in which the transceiver is immersed.
  • the mounting of the crystal introduces some restraint upon crystal vibration and, further, introduces one or more mechanical resonances so that the vibrational characteristics, such as the frequency response, of the mounted crystal may differ considerably from that of the yfree crystal.
  • the use of a liquid lling requires considerable care and entails considerable cost in the fabrication of the transceiver.
  • baiiies or compressional wave absorbers have been employed, and these involve design complications as well as expense.
  • One ⁇ ,general object of this invention is to improve the construction and performance of submarine signaling devices.
  • objects of this invention are to simplify the construction of supersonic submarine signaling devices. particularly of such devices having a unidirectional propagation or reception characteristic, and to enable realization of substantially ideal performance of supersonic piezoelectric transceivers, particularly to obtain a frequency response characteristic essentially identical with that of a freely vibratile crystal.
  • a supersonic submarine signal transceiver including a housing and a piezoelectric crystal therein
  • the housing is constructed of a material highly transparent to supersonic compressional waves and the crystal is aixed directly to and in. ⁇
  • the portion of the housing to the Wall of which the crystal is aixed is formed of a resilient non-resonant material, whereby the crystal s claims. (ci. 177-3865 is free to vibrate bodily analogous to a piston substantially without restraint.
  • the housing is constructed and arranged to define an air chamber or pocket extending over the peripheral wall of the crystal and the face thereof opposite that aflixed to one Wall of the housing, whereby transmission of energy from all portions of the crystal other than the one wall noted, to the sea, or vice versa, is substantially prevented.
  • the portion of the housing to the inner wall of which the crystal is affixed is constructed to define a supersonic compressional wave lens.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a submarine sig rial translating device illustrative of one embodiment of this invention
  • Fig. 2A is a sectional view of a portion of the device illustrated in Fig. l showing particularly the construction of the transceiver unit included therein;
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the piezoelectric crystal assembly included in the transceiver unit;
  • Figs. 4 and 5 are sectional views of transceiver units illustrative of other embodiments of this invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a response characteristic of a typical transceiver unit.
  • the signal translating device illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 comprises a housing l0 constructed of a material having substantially the same impedance as sea water for the transmission of compressional wave energy.
  • a particularly suitable material is a commercially available rubber generally known as pC rubber.
  • the housing maybe of rectangular configuration and formed by three portions or slabs IDA, IOB and IBC joined by a suitable waterproof cement, the intermediate portion or slab IDB having a circular aperture therein, whereby an air chamber Il is provided within the housing.
  • a piezoelectric crystal assembly constructed to vibrate normal to the faces of the portiony IGA.
  • This assembly as shown clearly in Fig. 3, comprises a piezoelectric disc I2, for example of X-cut quartz, vibratile' in the thickness mode, the faces of which have a conductive coatingor electrode I3, for example of silver, thereon.
  • Leading-in conductors Il such as thin platinum strips, are connected to the coatings I3 and also to the respective inner conductors I5 of coaxial lines, the outer conductors Il of these lines being afllxed to the housing I0 by a waterproof cement as indicated at I1.
  • the device illustrated is particularly suitable for the wide band propagation and reception -of supersonic submarine signals and advantageously the crystal assembly is made of a diameter large in comparison to the wavelength in sea water of the lowest frequency in theintended operating band. Also, and particularly advantageously, the crystal vis constructed so that its thickness resonance is above the band to be translated and its radial resonanc'eis near the lower end of or below this band. Because of the high ratio of crystal diameter to wavelength, and otherV factors noted hereinafter, the response pattern of the device, for both reception and propagation of signals, is highly directional; because of the construction resulting in the relationof the resonances to the operating band, and of other factors pointed 'out hereinafter, a substantiallyl uniform response throughout the operating frequency range is obtained. In a typical device intended for use particularly at frequencies between about 300 and 800 kilocycles, an X-cutA quartz disc 3 centimeters in diameter and 2 millimeters thick has been found satisfactory.
  • the housing material has substantiallyv the same impedance as sea water for the transmission of compressional wave energy.
  • one face of the crystal that is the face thereof toward the portion IIIA, is coupled directly and emciently to the sea, when the device is submerged.
  • the paths between the sea and the other or rear face and the peripheral wall of the crystal include the air within thechamber II.
  • the air chamber impedance for the transmission of supersonic compressional wave energy is very low.
  • a large impedance mismatch obtains between this chamber and the surrounding housing andsea and high reflection o1' compressional waves occurs so that for practical purposes, the rear face and peripheral wall of the crystal are insulated from the sea for supersonic compressional Wave energy.
  • the device exhibits a unidirectional response pattern.
  • the frequency response characteristic of the transceiver is determined by the parameters of the crystal assembly alone.
  • the transceiver simulates a crystal mounted upon a stationary body of air so that substantially ideal crystal performance is realized.
  • the frequency response characteristic of a typical transceiver of theconstruction illustrated 4 inFigs. 1 toa and'described hereinabove isshown in Fig. 6.
  • the radial rand thickness resonance frequencies are indicatedl atri and Fa respecy'
  • Flg.'6 a uniform tively. response over a wide range of frequencies is attained.
  • Fig. 6 the response characteristic oi' 'the transceiveris free of irregularities such as are due to minor resonances and antiresonances occasoned by the housing and mounting for the crystall in prior devices.
  • the crystal assembly is mounted directly upon and in intimate face-to-face relation with the plane inner surface ofthe front portion of the housing as in the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3.
  • this portion ID functions as a concentrating lens, the outer face thereof being concave as shown, and is formed of a material having low absorption and reflection losses and a high index vof refraction forl supersonic compressional waves.
  • a number of plastics, such as polystyrene, highly transparent to supersonic compressional wave energy are suitable lens materials.v
  • the portion IUE of the housing is constructed to serve as a diverging lens to broaden the. directional pattern of the transceiver.
  • 'I'he piezoelectric crystal I5 is composed of a plurality of similar slabs, for example of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, parallel by leading-in conductors yI6 and mechanically oriented so that the several slabs vibrate in phase in the longitudinal mode and normal to the inner face of the front portion IUE.
  • the crystal height i. e., the dimension thereof in the direction of major vibration, is made equal to one-half wavelength of the operating frequency of the f transceiver.
  • the crystals are affixed to the front portion of the housing by a suitable low loss adhesive such as Vulcalock" and the front portion is similarly aixed to the body of the housing as by selfvulcanizing neoprene cement.
  • a supersonic submarine signaling device comprising a body of resilient rubber having substantially the same impedance as seawater for the transmission of supersonic compressional wave energy, said body having an air chamber therein, and a piezoelectric crystal within ⁇ said chamber and having one face thereof joined in face-to-face relation with a bounding wall portion for said chamber.
  • a supersonic submarine signaling device comprising a body of resilient rubber having substantially the same impedance as sea water for the transmission of supersonic compressional wave energy, said body having an air chamber therein, and a piezoelectric crystal disc vibratile in the thickness mode mounted upon a bounding wall portion of said chamber and having one face in intimate face-to-i'a/ce relation with said wall portion.
  • a supersonic submarine signaling device comprising a hollow housing of a material having substantially the same impedance as Sea water for the transmission of supersonic compressional wave energy, one wall of said housing being of a material having a high index of refraction and constructed to deiine a supersonic lens, and a piezoelectric crystal having one face joined to the inner face of said one wall.
  • a supersonic submarine signaling device comprising a hollow housing having one wall of a material having a high index of refraction and constructed to dene a supersonic lens, the remaining walls of said housing being oi a material having substantially the same impedance as sea water for the transmission of supersonic compressional wave energy, and a piezoelectric crystal joined to the inner face of said one wall in faceto-face relation therewith.
  • a supersonic submarine signaling device comprising a housing defined by a dished portion of resilient rubber having substantially the same impedance as sea water for the transmission of compressional waveenergy and a supersonic lens deflnlng -wall portion joined to said dished portion, and a piezoelectric crystal disc vibratile in the thickness mode and joined to the inner surface of said wall portion in intimate face-to-face relation therewith.
  • a supersonic submarine signaling device comprising a housing including a wall portion having substantially the same impedance as sea water for the transmission of supersonic com.
  • said wall portion being of almaterial having a high index of refraction and being'shaped to dene a supersonic lens.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Description

JY 2%, E4. R. w. GILLESPIE SUBMARINE SIGNALING DEVI-CE Filed May 16, 1945 FIG@ 4 500 6 7 3 9 FREQUENQY IN. KILOCYCLEJ PE# SECONQ ,wa/wmp ay' i?. W ILLESP/E AT TORNE V Patented July 26, 1949 2,477,246 SUBMARINE SIGNALIN G DEVICE Rollin W. Gillespie, Chatham, N. J., assignor to Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated,- New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application May 16, 1945, Serial No. 594.049
This invention relates to submarine signaling devices and more particularly to supersonic submarine signal transceivers of the piezoelectri type.
Supersonic submarine signal transceivers of the piezoelectric type of one present known construction comprise in general, a piezoelectric crystal mounted within a protective housing, the space between the active face of the crystal and the opposed housing wall being filled with a suitable liquid for providing a continuous transmission path of approximately the same impedance as that of sea water, between the crystal face and the sea in which the transceiver is immersed. Such construction, and particularly one intended to provide a unidirectional response pattern, entails a number of design complications.
For example, the mounting of the crystal introduces some restraint upon crystal vibration and, further, introduces one or more mechanical resonances so that the vibrational characteristics, such as the frequency response, of the mounted crystal may differ considerably from that of the yfree crystal. Also, for example, the use of a liquid lling requires considerable care and entails considerable cost in the fabrication of the transceiver. Further, in cases where unidirectional response was desired, baiiies or compressional wave absorbers have been employed, and these involve design complications as well as expense.
One `,general object of this invention is to improve the construction and performance of submarine signaling devices.
More specifically, objects of this invention are to simplify the construction of supersonic submarine signaling devices. particularly of such devices having a unidirectional propagation or reception characteristic, and to enable realization of substantially ideal performance of supersonic piezoelectric transceivers, particularly to obtain a frequency response characteristic essentially identical with that of a freely vibratile crystal.
In accordance with one feature of this invention, in a supersonic submarine signal transceiver including a housing and a piezoelectric crystal therein, the housing is constructed of a material highly transparent to supersonic compressional waves and the crystal is aixed directly to and in.`
intimate face-to-face relation with an inner wall surface of the housing.
In accordance with another feature of this invention the portion of the housing to the Wall of which the crystal is aixed is formed of a resilient non-resonant material, whereby the crystal s claims. (ci. 177-3865 is free to vibrate bodily analogous to a piston substantially without restraint.
In accordance with a further feature of this invention, the housing is constructed and arranged to define an air chamber or pocket extending over the peripheral wall of the crystal and the face thereof opposite that aflixed to one Wall of the housing, whereby transmission of energy from all portions of the crystal other than the one wall noted, to the sea, or vice versa, is substantially prevented.
In accordance with still another feature of this invention, the portion of the housing to the inner wall of which the crystal is affixed is constructed to define a supersonic compressional wave lens.
The invention and the above-noted and other features thereof will be understood more clearly and fully from the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a submarine sig rial translating device illustrative of one embodiment of this invention;
Fig. 2Ais a sectional view of a portion of the device illustrated in Fig. l showing particularly the construction of the transceiver unit included therein; Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the piezoelectric crystal assembly included in the transceiver unit;
Figs. 4 and 5 are sectional views of transceiver units illustrative of other embodiments of this invention; and
Fig. 6 is a response characteristic of a typical transceiver unit.
Referring now to the drawing, the signal translating device illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 comprises a housing l0 constructed of a material having substantially the same impedance as sea water for the transmission of compressional wave energy. A particularly suitable material is a commercially available rubber generally known as pC rubber. The housing maybe of rectangular configuration and formed by three portions or slabs IDA, IOB and IBC joined by a suitable waterproof cement, the intermediate portion or slab IDB having a circular aperture therein, whereby an air chamber Il is provided within the housing.
Aixed to the inner face of the portion IBA, as by a suitable cement such as a rubber-like cement known commercially as Vulcalock, and in intimate face-to-face relation therewith, is a piezoelectric crystal assembly constructed to vibrate normal to the faces of the portiony IGA. This assembly, as shown clearly in Fig. 3, comprises a piezoelectric disc I2, for example of X-cut quartz, vibratile' in the thickness mode, the faces of which have a conductive coatingor electrode I3, for example of silver, thereon. Leading-in conductors Il, such as thin platinum strips, are connected to the coatings I3 and also to the respective inner conductors I5 of coaxial lines, the outer conductors Il of these lines being afllxed to the housing I0 by a waterproof cement as indicated at I1.
The device illustrated is particularly suitable for the wide band propagation and reception -of supersonic submarine signals and advantageously the crystal assembly is made of a diameter large in comparison to the wavelength in sea water of the lowest frequency in theintended operating band. Also, and particularly advantageously, the crystal vis constructed so that its thickness resonance is above the band to be translated and its radial resonanc'eis near the lower end of or below this band. Because of the high ratio of crystal diameter to wavelength, and otherV factors noted hereinafter, the response pattern of the device, for both reception and propagation of signals, is highly directional; because of the construction resulting in the relationof the resonances to the operating band, and of other factors pointed 'out hereinafter, a substantiallyl uniform response throughout the operating frequency range is obtained. In a typical device intended for use particularly at frequencies between about 300 and 800 kilocycles, an X-cutA quartz disc 3 centimeters in diameter and 2 millimeters thick has been found satisfactory.
As has been pointed out heretofore, the housing material has substantiallyv the same impedance as sea water for the transmission of compressional wave energy. Hence, one face of the crystal, that is the face thereof toward the portion IIIA, is coupled directly and emciently to the sea, when the device is submerged. However, the paths between the sea and the other or rear face and the peripheral wall of the crystal include the air within thechamber II. The air chamber impedance for the transmission of supersonic compressional wave energy is very low. Hence, a large impedance mismatch obtains between this chamber and the surrounding housing andsea and high reflection o1' compressional waves occurs so that for practical purposes, the rear face and peripheral wall of the crystal are insulated from the sea for supersonic compressional Wave energy. Thus, the device exhibits a unidirectional response pattern.
Inasmuch as the crystal is mounted directly upon the rubber portion IIIA'and the latter is essentially non-resonant, the frequency response characteristic of the transceiver is determined by the parameters of the crystal assembly alone.
Thus, the design of a transceiver to have any desired frequency response characteristic is greatly simplied, for the mounting of the crystal introduces no extraneous resonances of which account need to be taken.
Moreover, because of the manner in which the crystal is mounted, it will be appreciated that substantially no restraint is oered to vibration of the crystal assembly so that essentially pistonlike vibration of the latter obtains.
Essentially, in the construction described, from the standpoint of operation the transceiver simulates a crystal mounted upon a stationary body of air so that substantially ideal crystal performance is realized.
The frequency response characteristic of a typical transceiver of theconstruction illustrated 4 inFigs. 1 toa and'described hereinabove isshown in Fig. 6. The radial rand thickness resonance frequencies are indicatedl atri and Fa respecy' As is apparent from Flg.'6, a uniform tively. response over a wide range of frequencies is attained. For example, in an villustrative device utilized as a receiver, the response in the rangev between'300 and `800 kilocyclesvar'ied by less than 4 decibels. Fig. 6,the response characteristic oi' 'the transceiveris free of irregularities such as are due to minor resonances and antiresonances occasoned by the housing and mounting for the crystall in prior devices.
In the .embodiment of the invention illustrated in Fig. 4, the crystal assembly is mounted directly upon and in intimate face-to-face relation with the plane inner surface ofthe front portion of the housing as in the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3. However, this portion ID functions as a concentrating lens, the outer face thereof being concave as shown, and is formed of a material having low absorption and reflection losses and a high index vof refraction forl supersonic compressional waves. A number of plastics, such as polystyrene, highly transparent to supersonic compressional wave energy are suitable lens materials.v
In the vembodiment of the invention illustrated in Fig. 5, the portion IUE of the housing is constructed to serve as a diverging lens to broaden the. directional pattern of the transceiver. 'I'he piezoelectric crystal I5 is composed of a plurality of similar slabs, for example of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, parallel by leading-in conductors yI6 and mechanically oriented so that the several slabs vibrate in phase in the longitudinal mode and normal to the inner face of the front portion IUE. In a particularly advantageous construction especially suitable for single frequency operation, the crystal height, i. e., the dimension thereof in the direction of major vibration, is made equal to one-half wavelength of the operating frequency of the f transceiver.
In the constructions illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5, the crystals are affixed to the front portion of the housing by a suitable low loss adhesive such as Vulcalock" and the front portion is similarly aixed to the body of the housing as by selfvulcanizing neoprene cement.
Although in the constructions shown and deo scribed, a single crystal assembly is employed,
a plurality of such assemblies secured to the front portiony of the housing I0 and mounted side by side in alignment or to constitute a mosaic of transducer elements may be. utilized. Furthermore, it will be understood that the several specific embodiments shown and described are but illustrative and Ithat various modifications may be made therein without departing from the scope Further, as is apparent from connected electrically in,
einem substantially the same impedance as sea water for the transmission of supersonic compressional 'wave energy, and a piezoelectric crystal having one face jointed to an inner wall of said housing and in intimate face-to-face relation therewith, said housing having therein an air chamber overlying the opposite face of said crystal.
3. A supersonic submarine signaling device comprising a body of resilient rubber having substantially the same impedance as seawater for the transmission of supersonic compressional wave energy, said body having an air chamber therein, and a piezoelectric crystal within `said chamber and having one face thereof joined in face-to-face relation with a bounding wall portion for said chamber.
4. A supersonic submarine signaling device comprising a body of resilient rubber having substantially the same impedance as sea water for the transmission of supersonic compressional wave energy, said body having an air chamber therein, and a piezoelectric crystal disc vibratile in the thickness mode mounted upon a bounding wall portion of said chamber and having one face in intimate face-to-i'a/ce relation with said wall portion.
5. A supersonic submarine signaling device comprising a hollow housing of a material having substantially the same impedance as Sea water for the transmission of supersonic compressional wave energy, one wall of said housing being of a material having a high index of refraction and constructed to deiine a supersonic lens, and a piezoelectric crystal having one face joined to the inner face of said one wall.
6. A supersonic submarine signaling device comprising a hollow housing having one wall of a material having a high index of refraction and constructed to dene a supersonic lens, the remaining walls of said housing being oi a material having substantially the same impedance as sea water for the transmission of supersonic compressional wave energy, and a piezoelectric crystal joined to the inner face of said one wall in faceto-face relation therewith.
7. A supersonic submarine signaling device comprising a housing defined by a dished portion of resilient rubber having substantially the same impedance as sea water for the transmission of compressional waveenergy and a supersonic lens deflnlng -wall portion joined to said dished portion, and a piezoelectric crystal disc vibratile in the thickness mode and joined to the inner surface of said wall portion in intimate face-to-face relation therewith.
8. A supersonic submarine signaling device comprising a housing including a wall portion having substantially the same impedance as sea water for the transmission of supersonic com.
pressional wave energy, and a piezoelectric crystal having one face ailixed in intimate face-to-face 'v relation with the inner face oi' said wall portion,
the opposite face of said crystal being free, said crystal being supported solely by said portion,
and said wall portion being of almaterial having a high index of refraction and being'shaped to dene a supersonic lens.
ROLLIN W. GILLESPIE.
REFERENCES CITED The following re'ferenlces are of record in the ille of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS OTHER REFERENCES Ser. No. 337,106, Jahn et al. (A. P. C.) pub. May 18, 1943.
US594049A 1945-05-16 1945-05-16 Submarine signaling device Expired - Lifetime US2477246A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US594049A US2477246A (en) 1945-05-16 1945-05-16 Submarine signaling device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US594049A US2477246A (en) 1945-05-16 1945-05-16 Submarine signaling device

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2477246A true US2477246A (en) 1949-07-26

Family

ID=24377293

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US594049A Expired - Lifetime US2477246A (en) 1945-05-16 1945-05-16 Submarine signaling device

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US2477246A (en)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2741754A (en) * 1950-12-27 1956-04-10 Clevite Corp Disk transducer
US2832058A (en) * 1948-09-10 1958-04-22 Gen Electric Electroacoustic transducer
US2833999A (en) * 1953-09-28 1958-05-06 Douglas H Howry Transducer
US2863075A (en) * 1953-12-15 1958-12-02 Francis J Fry Ultrasonic transducer
US2894317A (en) * 1954-06-07 1959-07-14 Spence T Marks Method for constructing a barium titanate blast velocity gauge
US2912853A (en) * 1955-04-18 1959-11-17 Gen Motors Corp Ultrasonic transmission testing method
DE1075875B (en) * 1954-08-14 1960-02-18 J U H Krautkraemer Ges Fuer El Device for damping electromechanical oscillators, especially for the ultrasonic echo method of material testing
US2931223A (en) * 1954-12-10 1960-04-05 Kritz Jack Transducers for acoustic flowmeter
US2949772A (en) * 1954-12-10 1960-08-23 Kritz Jack Flowmeter
US3024645A (en) * 1958-06-05 1962-03-13 Walter P Christoph Vibratory dynamic force meter
US3230504A (en) * 1962-11-30 1966-01-18 John J Horan Open hemispherical transducers
US3278771A (en) * 1961-06-29 1966-10-11 William J Fry High power piezoelectric beam generating system with acoustic impedance matching
US3958559A (en) * 1974-10-16 1976-05-25 New York Institute Of Technology Ultrasonic transducer
US4217516A (en) * 1976-04-27 1980-08-12 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. Probe for ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus
US4282453A (en) * 1977-02-21 1981-08-04 Australasian Training Aids (Pty.) Ltd. Transducer apparatus for detecting airborne pressure pulse
US4700575A (en) * 1985-12-31 1987-10-20 The Boeing Company Ultrasonic transducer with shaped beam intensity profile
US4799177A (en) * 1985-12-31 1989-01-17 The Boeing Company Ultrasonic instrumentation for examination of variable-thickness objects

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1594069A (en) * 1919-06-06 1926-07-27 Gen Electric Sound-detecting device
US1729161A (en) * 1927-03-22 1929-09-24 Submarine Signal Corp Sound receiver and transmitter
US2063950A (en) * 1931-12-04 1936-12-15 George W Pierce Apparatus for transmission and reception
US2248870A (en) * 1920-06-21 1941-07-08 Mauro And Lewis Piezoelectric signaling apparatus
US2283285A (en) * 1938-05-25 1942-05-19 Pohlman Reimar Massage
US2374637A (en) * 1931-09-10 1945-04-24 Harvey C Hayes Supersonic apparatus
US2405605A (en) * 1943-09-02 1946-08-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Signal translating device
US2405604A (en) * 1943-03-13 1946-08-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Compressional wave translating device
US2413462A (en) * 1942-07-30 1946-12-31 Brush Dev Co Transducer
US2424030A (en) * 1932-01-30 1947-07-15 Harvey C Hayes Balanced driver for sonic depth finders
US2430013A (en) * 1942-06-10 1947-11-04 Rca Corp Impedance matching means for mechanical waves

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1594069A (en) * 1919-06-06 1926-07-27 Gen Electric Sound-detecting device
US2248870A (en) * 1920-06-21 1941-07-08 Mauro And Lewis Piezoelectric signaling apparatus
US1729161A (en) * 1927-03-22 1929-09-24 Submarine Signal Corp Sound receiver and transmitter
US2374637A (en) * 1931-09-10 1945-04-24 Harvey C Hayes Supersonic apparatus
US2063950A (en) * 1931-12-04 1936-12-15 George W Pierce Apparatus for transmission and reception
US2424030A (en) * 1932-01-30 1947-07-15 Harvey C Hayes Balanced driver for sonic depth finders
US2283285A (en) * 1938-05-25 1942-05-19 Pohlman Reimar Massage
US2430013A (en) * 1942-06-10 1947-11-04 Rca Corp Impedance matching means for mechanical waves
US2413462A (en) * 1942-07-30 1946-12-31 Brush Dev Co Transducer
US2405604A (en) * 1943-03-13 1946-08-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Compressional wave translating device
US2405605A (en) * 1943-09-02 1946-08-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Signal translating device

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2832058A (en) * 1948-09-10 1958-04-22 Gen Electric Electroacoustic transducer
US2741754A (en) * 1950-12-27 1956-04-10 Clevite Corp Disk transducer
US2833999A (en) * 1953-09-28 1958-05-06 Douglas H Howry Transducer
US2863075A (en) * 1953-12-15 1958-12-02 Francis J Fry Ultrasonic transducer
US2894317A (en) * 1954-06-07 1959-07-14 Spence T Marks Method for constructing a barium titanate blast velocity gauge
DE1075875B (en) * 1954-08-14 1960-02-18 J U H Krautkraemer Ges Fuer El Device for damping electromechanical oscillators, especially for the ultrasonic echo method of material testing
US2949772A (en) * 1954-12-10 1960-08-23 Kritz Jack Flowmeter
US2931223A (en) * 1954-12-10 1960-04-05 Kritz Jack Transducers for acoustic flowmeter
US2912853A (en) * 1955-04-18 1959-11-17 Gen Motors Corp Ultrasonic transmission testing method
US3024645A (en) * 1958-06-05 1962-03-13 Walter P Christoph Vibratory dynamic force meter
US3278771A (en) * 1961-06-29 1966-10-11 William J Fry High power piezoelectric beam generating system with acoustic impedance matching
US3230504A (en) * 1962-11-30 1966-01-18 John J Horan Open hemispherical transducers
US3958559A (en) * 1974-10-16 1976-05-25 New York Institute Of Technology Ultrasonic transducer
US4217516A (en) * 1976-04-27 1980-08-12 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. Probe for ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus
US4282453A (en) * 1977-02-21 1981-08-04 Australasian Training Aids (Pty.) Ltd. Transducer apparatus for detecting airborne pressure pulse
US4700575A (en) * 1985-12-31 1987-10-20 The Boeing Company Ultrasonic transducer with shaped beam intensity profile
US4799177A (en) * 1985-12-31 1989-01-17 The Boeing Company Ultrasonic instrumentation for examination of variable-thickness objects

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2477246A (en) Submarine signaling device
US2448365A (en) Projector and receiver of supersonic frequencies
US2427348A (en) Piezoelectric vibrator
US2503831A (en) Fine wire delay line
EP0005409A3 (en) Piezoelectric transducers with mechanical amplification for very low frequencies and acoustic antennas
GB423205A (en) Improvements in underwater compressional wave senders or receivers
GB1159337A (en) Piezoelectric Transducers
US2421026A (en) Delay device
GB1430725A (en) Acoustic surface wave devices
US2399820A (en) Piezoelectric apparatus
US2833999A (en) Transducer
GB405613A (en) Improvements in and relating to the directive discrimination of sound beams
US3113288A (en) Supersensitive shielded crystal hydrophone
US3697899A (en) Acoustic surface wave transmission device
US3263209A (en) Pressure compensated hydrophone
GB919282A (en) Transducer
US2589135A (en) Submarine signaling device
US2406391A (en) Compressional wave directional, prismatic, and focusing system
GB1381912A (en) Acoustic wave devices
US1451422A (en) Sound signaling device for dense sound-propagating mediums
US2366822A (en) Ultrasonic cell
US2753528A (en) Ultrasonic delay lines
US2601300A (en) Electroacoustic transducer
JPS57164718A (en) Acoustooptic optical deflecting element
US2577500A (en) Absorbing means for delay lines