US2469408A - Treatment of textile material - Google Patents

Treatment of textile material Download PDF

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US2469408A
US2469408A US63228545A US2469408A US 2469408 A US2469408 A US 2469408A US 63228545 A US63228545 A US 63228545A US 2469408 A US2469408 A US 2469408A
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fabric
salt
maleic anhydride
styrene
condensation products
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Donald H Powers
Elmer H Rossin
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Monsanto Chemicals Ltd
Monsanto Chemical Co
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Monsanto Chemicals Ltd
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Priority to US63228545 priority patent/US2469408A/en
Priority to GB3312146A priority patent/GB628881A/en
Priority to FR937468D priority patent/FR937468A/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/39—Aldehyde resins; Ketone resins; Polyacetals
    • D06M15/423—Amino-aldehyde resins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/227—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of hydrocarbons, or reaction products thereof, e.g. afterhalogenated or sulfochlorinated
    • D06M15/233—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of hydrocarbons, or reaction products thereof, e.g. afterhalogenated or sulfochlorinated aromatic, e.g. styrene
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/39—Aldehyde resins; Ketone resins; Polyacetals
    • D06M15/41—Phenol-aldehyde or phenol-ketone resins
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2402—Coating or impregnation specified as a size

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improved textile finishing materials, and methods of treating yarns and fabrics therewith.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a method of finishing fabrics which involves applying the finishing agent to the warp yarns prior to weaving, whereby the weaving operation is facilitated and a suitably finished fabric is obtained without further treatment.
  • the yarn or fabric is treated with an aqueous solution or dispersion of an ammonium or amine salt of copolymerized styrene, maleic anhydride and a Water-soluble or water-dispersible thermosetting resin of the aldehyde condensation type, after which the yarn or fabric is heated.
  • This causes the styrene maleic anhydride copolymer to react with the thermosetting resin, thereby insolubilizing the copolymer so that most of it remains on the fabric after washing and provides a substantially permanent finish.
  • thermosetting resins which may be used for the purposes of this invention include the aldehyde condensation prodnets of urea, thiourea, melamine and dicyandiamide, the alkyl ether derivatives of these condensation products, such as the methyl, ethyl and butyl ethers, and the aldehyde condensation products of phenols, such as phenol, cresol and resorcinol, and the like.
  • the phenol aldehyde condensation products are somewhat less desirable because of the discolorizing effect they produce on the yarn or fabric. However, they may be used satisfactorily on heavy industrial fabrics, such as harvester ducks, tenting material, awning material and the like.
  • thermosetting resins used should be in the form of a water-soluble or water-dispersible monomer or low polymer, i. e. they should be substantially unpolymerized.
  • Suitable ammonium or amine salts of the copolymer include the salts of ammonia, guanidine, alkylamines, such as methyl, butyl and amyl amine, and quaternary ammonium hydroxides, such as phenyl trimethyl ammonium hydroxide.
  • the solution or bath In treating the fabric in the manner described above, it is preferable to keep the solution or bath below 180 F. to avoid appreciable reaction taking place during the impregnation of the fabric. However, the bath may be kept at somewhat higher temperatures for short periods without harmful effect.
  • the fabric Upon removal from the bath. the fabric is heated at an elevated temperature until it is dry. Preferably, the fabric is heated at 250 to 300 F'., but satisfactory results may be obtained at temperatures as low as 200 F.
  • the concentration of the styrene maleic salt in the bath and the pick-up should be adjusted to deposit on the fabric from 2 to 15% by weight of the styrene maleic salt, but preferably between about 4 and 7%.
  • the thermosetting resin is ordinarily added in amounts varying between 2 and 20% on the weight of the styrene maleic salt.
  • solutions containing both the anhydride salt and the thermosetting resin instead of using solutions containing both the anhydride salt and the thermosetting resin, separate solutions of the two ingredients may be prepared, after which the yarn or fabric may be treated in any order or simultaneously therewith. It is desirable to have the bath or solution at slightly elevated temperatures to insure uniform penetration, but good results may also be obtained with the bath at room temperatures.
  • the copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride used in accordance with this invention is a wellestablished product which may be prepared in several ways.
  • One of the well-known methods is mass polymerization, which involves heating styrene and maleic anhydride at temperatures between about and 300 F. for several hours or more. Preferably, the materials are heated cautiously, as in a water bath.
  • Another method which may be used is known as the solvent process which involves reacting the styrene and maleic anhydride at slightly elevated temperatures in the presence of a solvent which is capable of dissolving both the starting materials and the finished polymer, such as acetone.
  • the copolymerization may be carried out in the presence of a catalyst, such as benzoyl peroxide.
  • copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride produced by either of the above or by any other well-known method of manufacture is soluble in acetone, but insoluble in alcohol or benzene, and forms water-soluble salts of ammonia or alkali metals.
  • substituted styrenes such as methyl or butyl styrene.
  • Example I A solution of an ammonium salt of styrene maleic anhydride resin was prepared by mixing together 600 parts of styrene maleic anhydride, prepared by copolymerizing equimolecular quantities of styrene and maleic anhydride at about 200 F. in a water bath, 400 parts of 26% NH4OH and 9000 parts of water. The resulting mixture was then heated to 200 to 212 F. with stirring, and maintained at this temperature until a uniform, somewhat viscous transparent solution resulted. This required about one hour. After cooling the solution to about 120 F., the methyl ether of tetramethylol melamine was added to the extent of about 6% on the weight of the styrene maleic anhydride used.
  • Heavy cotton sheeting was dipped in the bath prepared as described above, after which it was passed through a padder adjusted for 100% pickup.
  • the bath was maintained at about 120 F. during the treatment of the fabric to insure uniform penetration.
  • the treated sheeting was then heated for about two and a half minutes on a tenter frame using hot air at 300 F., at which time it was substantially dry.
  • the dry sheeting was washed for one hour at the boil in a running suds, and was found to retain 90% of the deposited resin.
  • Example II A solution of an ammonium salt of styrene maleic anhydride resin, containing 6% by weight of the butyl ether of tetramethylol melamine was prepared as described in Example I. The resulting solution was then poured into the size box of a slasher, after which a warp of 18/single cotton yarn was passed through the solution and dried on dry cans in the usual manner, using 12 pounds of steam. The treated yarn was then rolled up on a beam and woven. Excellent Weaving was obtained and the resulting fabric possessed a desirably stiffened finish which retained its stiffened character even after washing. Moreover. the fabric had an unusually smooth feel and did not dust out.
  • Example III A solution of an ammonium salt of styrene maleic anhydride resin was prepared by mixing together 500 grams of copolymerized styrene maleic anhydride, 500 grams of 26% NH4OH and 9000 cubic centimeters of water. The resulting mixture was then heated to 200 to 212 F. with stirring. and maintained at this temperature until a uniform, somewhat viscous transparent solution resulted. which required about one hour. After cooling the solution to about 100 F.. trimethylol melamine was added to the extent of about on the weight of the styrene maleic anhydride used.
  • Heavy cotton sheeting was dipped in the bath prepared as described above, after which itwas passed through a padder adjusted for pickup.
  • the bath was maintained at about 100 F. during the treatment of the fabric to insure uniform penetration.
  • the treated sheeting was then heated for about two and a half minutes on a tenter frame using hot air at 300 F., at the end of which time it was substantially dry.
  • the dry sheeting was washed for one hour at the boil in a running suds, and was found to retain 92% of the deposited resin.
  • Example IV A solution of an ammonium salt of styrene maleic anhydride resin was prepared as described in Example I, and diluted with an equal amount of To this was then added mono methylol urea in an amount sufficient to provide about 8% on the weight of the styrene maleic anhydride used. Spun viscose rayon was dipped in the resulting bath. after which it was passed through a padder adjusted for 100% pick-up. The bath was maintained at about 100 F. during the treatment of the fabric to insure uniform penetration.
  • the treated rayon was then heated for about two and a half minutes on dry cans maintained at about 240 F., at the end of which time it was substantially dry.
  • the resulting fabric was smooth and full and somewhat stiffened, and retained these characteristics after several washings,
  • Example V Samples of acetate rayon, nylon and glass yarns were treated in the same manner as the cotton yarn in Example II. In each case a uniformly sized warp was obtained which was readily woven. The resulting fabrics were smooth, full and somewhat stiffened and retained these characteristics after washing.
  • the reaction between the polymerized styrene maleic anhydride salt and the thermosetting resin involves or consists of a cross linking between the styrene maleic anhydride polymer and the thermosetting resin. It should be understood however that the invention is not predicated on this or any other similar theory, and regardless of the type of reaction which takes place the polymeric resin salt becomes insolubilized on the yarn or fabric with the formation of a relatively permanent'size or finish. It should also be understood that the aqueous solutions referred to in the appended claims are intended to include aqueous dispersions, as it is possible that the ammonium or amine salts and in some instances the thermosetting resins in the solution are actually present in the form of a colloidal dispersion.
  • the method of finishing textile fabrics which comprises treating the fabric with an aqueous solution of an ammonium salt of copolymerized styrene-maleic anhydride and a water-soluble alkyl ether of methylol melamine, said salt being deposited on the fabric in amounts varying from 2 to 15% by weight. said ether being added in amounts varying between 2 and 20% on the weight of said salt, and then drying the fabric, whereby said treating agents react to form an insoluble resin thereon.
  • the method of finishing textile fabrics which comprises treating the fabric with an aqueous solution of an ammonium salt of copolymerized styrene-maleic anhydride and a water-soluble methylol melamine, said salt being deposited on the fabric in amounts varying from 2 to 5% by weight, said methylol melamine being added in amounts varying between 2 and 20% on the weight of said salt, and then drying the fabric, whereby said treating agents react to form an insoluble resin thereon.
  • the method of finishing textile fabrics which comprises treating the fabric with an aqueous solution of an ammonium salt of copolymerized styrene-maleic anhydride and a water-soluble condensation product of dicyandiamide and formaldehyde, said salt bung deposited on the fabric in amounts varying from 2 to by weight, said condensation product being added in amounts varying between 2 and on the weight of said salt, and then drying the fabric, whereby said treating agents react to form an insoluble resin thereon.
  • the method of finishing textile fabrics which comprises treating the fabric with an aqueous solution of an ammonium salt of copolymerized styrene-maleic anhydride and a material from the group consisting of water-soluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a compound of the group consisting of urea, thiourea, melamine and dicyandiamide, the alkyl ethers of said condensation products, and water-soluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a phenol, said salt being deposited on the fabric in amounts varying from 2 to 15% by weight, said condensation product being added in amounts varying between 2 and 20% on the weight of said salt, and then drying the fabric, whereby said treating agents react to form an insoluble resin thereon.
  • an ammonium salt of copolymerized styrene-maleic anhydride and a material from the group consisting of water-soluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a
  • the method of finishing textile fabrics which comprises treating the fabric with an aqueous solution of a material from the group con sisting of water-soluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a compound of the group consisting of urea, thiourea, melamine and dicyandiamide, the alkyl ethers of said condensation products, and watersoluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a phenol, and a salt of copolymerized styrene-maleic anhydride selected from the group consisting of ammonium salts and amine salts, said salt being deposited on the fabric in amounts varying from 2 to 15% by weight, said condensation product being added in amounts varying between 6 and 10% on the weight of said salt, and then drying the fabric, whereby said treating agents react to form an insoluble resin on the fabric.
  • a material from the group con sisting of water-soluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a compound of the group consisting
  • the method of preparing and finishing textile fabrics which comprises treating warp yarn with an aqueous solution of a material from the group consisting of water-soluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a compound of the group consisting of urea, thiourea, melamine and dicyandiamide, the alkyl ethers of said condensation products, and Watersoluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a phenol, and a salt of copolymerized styrene-maleic anhydride selected from the group consisting of ammonium salts and amine salts, said salt being deposited on the fabric in amounts varying from 2 to 15% by Weight, said condensation product being added in amounts varying between 2 and 20% on the weight of said salt, then drying the yarn, whereby said treating agents react to form an insoluble resin thereon, and weaving the resulting yarn into a fabric.
  • a material from the group consisting of water-soluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldeh
  • the method of sizing textile warp yarns which comprises treating said yarns with an aqueous solution of a material from the group consisting of water-soluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a compound of the group consisting of urea, thiourea, melamine and dicyandiamide, the alkyl ethers of said condensation products, and watersoluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a phenol, and a salt of copolymerized styrene-maleic anhydride selected from the group consisting of ammonium salts and amine salts, said salt being deposited on the fabric in amounts varying from 2 to 15% by weight, said condensation product being added in amounts varying between 2 and 20% on the weight of said salt, and then drying the yarn, whereby said treating agents react to form an insoluble resin thereon.
  • a material from the group consisting of water-soluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a compound of the
  • the method of sizing or finishing textile materials which comprises treating said material with an aqueous solution of a material from the group consisting of water-soluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a compound of the group consisting of urea, thiourea, melamine and dicyandiamide, the alkyl ethers of said condensation products, and water-soluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a phenol, and a salt of a copolymer prepared by copolymerizing a substance selected from the group consisting of styrene agents react to form an insoluble resin thereon.
  • a material from the group consisting of water-soluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a compound of the group consisting of urea, thiourea, melamine and dicyandiamide, the alkyl ethers of said condensation products, and water-soluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde
  • yarns or fabrics which comprises an aqueous solution of a material from the group consisting of water-soluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a compound of the group consisting of urea, thiourca, melamine and dicyandiamide, the alkyl ethers of said condensation products, and water-soluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a phenol, and a salt of copolymerized styrene-maleic anhydride selected from the group consisting of ammonium salts and amine salts, said solution containing an amount of said condensation product varying from 6 to 10% of the amount of said salt.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Description

Patented May 10, 1949' r TREATMENT OF TEXTILE MATERIAL Donald H. Powers, Winchester, and Elmer H. Rossin, Melrose, Mass., assignors to Monsanto Chemical Company, St. Louis, Mo., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application December 1, 1945, Serial No. 632,285
12 Claims.
- This invention relates to improved textile finishing materials, and methods of treating yarns and fabrics therewith.
It is common practice to treat yarns and fabrics with starch solutions in order to impart a relatively stiffened finish thereto. Starched fabrics however lose their stiffened character and appearance after a single washing, and also tend to dust out. In the case of yarns the starch is applied primarily as a size for assisting in the weaving operation, but here also the effect of the starch is markedly diminished by the unstable character of the coating.
It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a substantially permanent stiffened finish on fabrics which cannot be appreciably removed by ordinary washing operations and is substantially free of dusting. A further object of the invention is to provide a method of finishing fabrics which involves applying the finishing agent to the warp yarns prior to weaving, whereby the weaving operation is facilitated and a suitably finished fabric is obtained without further treatment.
In accomplishing the above objects the yarn or fabric is treated with an aqueous solution or dispersion of an ammonium or amine salt of copolymerized styrene, maleic anhydride and a Water-soluble or water-dispersible thermosetting resin of the aldehyde condensation type, after which the yarn or fabric is heated. This causes the styrene maleic anhydride copolymer to react with the thermosetting resin, thereby insolubilizing the copolymer so that most of it remains on the fabric after washing and provides a substantially permanent finish. The thermosetting resins which may be used for the purposes of this invention include the aldehyde condensation prodnets of urea, thiourea, melamine and dicyandiamide, the alkyl ether derivatives of these condensation products, such as the methyl, ethyl and butyl ethers, and the aldehyde condensation products of phenols, such as phenol, cresol and resorcinol, and the like. Of the above materials, the phenol aldehyde condensation products are somewhat less desirable because of the discolorizing effect they produce on the yarn or fabric. However, they may be used satisfactorily on heavy industrial fabrics, such as harvester ducks, tenting material, awning material and the like. The thermosetting resins used should be in the form of a water-soluble or water-dispersible monomer or low polymer, i. e. they should be substantially unpolymerized. Suitable ammonium or amine salts of the copolymer include the salts of ammonia, guanidine, alkylamines, such as methyl, butyl and amyl amine, and quaternary ammonium hydroxides, such as phenyl trimethyl ammonium hydroxide.
In treating the fabric in the manner described above, it is preferable to keep the solution or bath below 180 F. to avoid appreciable reaction taking place during the impregnation of the fabric. However, the bath may be kept at somewhat higher temperatures for short periods without harmful effect. Upon removal from the bath. the fabric is heated at an elevated temperature until it is dry. Preferably, the fabric is heated at 250 to 300 F'., but satisfactory results may be obtained at temperatures as low as 200 F. The concentration of the styrene maleic salt in the bath and the pick-up should be adjusted to deposit on the fabric from 2 to 15% by weight of the styrene maleic salt, but preferably between about 4 and 7%. The thermosetting resin is ordinarily added in amounts varying between 2 and 20% on the weight of the styrene maleic salt.
Instead of using solutions containing both the anhydride salt and the thermosetting resin, separate solutions of the two ingredients may be prepared, after which the yarn or fabric may be treated in any order or simultaneously therewith. It is desirable to have the bath or solution at slightly elevated temperatures to insure uniform penetration, but good results may also be obtained with the bath at room temperatures.
The copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride used in accordance with this invention is a wellestablished product which may be prepared in several ways. One of the well-known methods is mass polymerization, which involves heating styrene and maleic anhydride at temperatures between about and 300 F. for several hours or more. Preferably, the materials are heated cautiously, as in a water bath. Another method which may be used is known as the solvent process which involves reacting the styrene and maleic anhydride at slightly elevated temperatures in the presence of a solvent which is capable of dissolving both the starting materials and the finished polymer, such as acetone. If desired, the copolymerization may be carried out in the presence of a catalyst, such as benzoyl peroxide.
The copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride produced by either of the above or by any other well-known method of manufacture is soluble in acetone, but insoluble in alcohol or benzene, and forms water-soluble salts of ammonia or alkali metals. Instead of styrene, substituted styrenes, such as methyl or butyl styrene.
vinyl methyl ketone, acrylic esters and the like.
A further understanding of the invention will be obtained from the following examples, the parts being given by weight:
Example I A solution of an ammonium salt of styrene maleic anhydride resin was prepared by mixing together 600 parts of styrene maleic anhydride, prepared by copolymerizing equimolecular quantities of styrene and maleic anhydride at about 200 F. in a water bath, 400 parts of 26% NH4OH and 9000 parts of water. The resulting mixture was then heated to 200 to 212 F. with stirring, and maintained at this temperature until a uniform, somewhat viscous transparent solution resulted. This required about one hour. After cooling the solution to about 120 F., the methyl ether of tetramethylol melamine was added to the extent of about 6% on the weight of the styrene maleic anhydride used.
Heavy cotton sheeting was dipped in the bath prepared as described above, after which it was passed through a padder adjusted for 100% pickup. The bath was maintained at about 120 F. during the treatment of the fabric to insure uniform penetration. The treated sheeting was then heated for about two and a half minutes on a tenter frame using hot air at 300 F., at which time it was substantially dry. The dry sheeting was washed for one hour at the boil in a running suds, and was found to retain 90% of the deposited resin.
Example II A solution of an ammonium salt of styrene maleic anhydride resin, containing 6% by weight of the butyl ether of tetramethylol melamine was prepared as described in Example I. The resulting solution was then poured into the size box of a slasher, after which a warp of 18/single cotton yarn was passed through the solution and dried on dry cans in the usual manner, using 12 pounds of steam. The treated yarn was then rolled up on a beam and woven. Excellent Weaving was obtained and the resulting fabric possessed a desirably stiffened finish which retained its stiffened character even after washing. Moreover. the fabric had an unusually smooth feel and did not dust out.
Example III A solution of an ammonium salt of styrene maleic anhydride resin was prepared by mixing together 500 grams of copolymerized styrene maleic anhydride, 500 grams of 26% NH4OH and 9000 cubic centimeters of water. The resulting mixture was then heated to 200 to 212 F. with stirring. and maintained at this temperature until a uniform, somewhat viscous transparent solution resulted. which required about one hour. After cooling the solution to about 100 F.. trimethylol melamine was added to the extent of about on the weight of the styrene maleic anhydride used.
water.
Heavy cotton sheeting was dipped in the bath prepared as described above, after which itwas passed through a padder adjusted for pickup. The bath was maintained at about 100 F. during the treatment of the fabric to insure uniform penetration. The treated sheeting was then heated for about two and a half minutes on a tenter frame using hot air at 300 F., at the end of which time it was substantially dry. The dry sheeting was washed for one hour at the boil in a running suds, and was found to retain 92% of the deposited resin.
Example IV A solution of an ammonium salt of styrene maleic anhydride resin was prepared as described in Example I, and diluted with an equal amount of To this was then added mono methylol urea in an amount sufficient to provide about 8% on the weight of the styrene maleic anhydride used. Spun viscose rayon was dipped in the resulting bath. after which it was passed through a padder adjusted for 100% pick-up. The bath was maintained at about 100 F. during the treatment of the fabric to insure uniform penetration.
The treated rayon was then heated for about two and a half minutes on dry cans maintained at about 240 F., at the end of which time it was substantially dry. The resulting fabric was smooth and full and somewhat stiffened, and retained these characteristics after several washings,
Example V Samples of acetate rayon, nylon and glass yarns were treated in the same manner as the cotton yarn in Example II. In each case a uniformly sized warp was obtained which was readily woven. The resulting fabrics were smooth, full and somewhat stiffened and retained these characteristics after washing.
Although the examples refer to the treatment of cotton, viscose rayon, acetate rayon, nylon and glass, equally good results can be obtained with linen, flax, hemp, jute, ramie, wool, silk, cuprammonium rayon, various other synthetic textile materials, such as Vinyon and Aralac, and mixtures or blends of any of the above materials.
By treating fabrics with the finishing agents described herein, a substantially permanent, stiffened finish is obtained, due to the fact that only relatively small amounts of the dried and reacted resin are lost on washing, i. e, of the order of 5 to 12%. The finished fabric is also smooth and substantially free of dusting in contrast to the well-known starch treated fabrics. When the resin is applied to the warp yarn and insolubilized thereon, there is the further advantage that the weaving operation is improved owing to the higher tensile strength of the yarn, its increased resistance to abrasion, and its generally stiffened character. The fabric from treated yarn may have the desired finish characteristics without further treatment, but if desired it may be subjected to additional finishing operations.
It is customary to apply the sizing or finishing materials described herein to yarns or fabrics. However, it is possible to obtain similar results by treating fibers, either initially or at any stage of their processing prior to spinning, after which the fibers may be spun and woven to obtain fabrics of the desired finish characteristics. prepared from such treated fibers may also be readily woven. It is also possible to treat in accordance with this invention fibers which are to Yarns be used as such, as for example in cotton batting, or in the preparation of non-woven fabrics.
It is believed that the reaction between the polymerized styrene maleic anhydride salt and the thermosetting resin involves or consists of a cross linking between the styrene maleic anhydride polymer and the thermosetting resin. It should be understood however that the invention is not predicated on this or any other similar theory, and regardless of the type of reaction which takes place the polymeric resin salt becomes insolubilized on the yarn or fabric with the formation of a relatively permanent'size or finish. It should also be understood that the aqueous solutions referred to in the appended claims are intended to include aqueous dispersions, as it is possible that the ammonium or amine salts and in some instances the thermosetting resins in the solution are actually present in the form of a colloidal dispersion.
What we claim is:
1. The method of finishing textile fabrics which comprises treating the fabric with an aqueous solution of an ammonium salt of copolymerized styrene-maleic anhydride and a water-soluble alkyl ether of methylol melamine, said salt being deposited on the fabric in amounts varying from 2 to 15% by weight. said ether being added in amounts varying between 2 and 20% on the weight of said salt, and then drying the fabric, whereby said treating agents react to form an insoluble resin thereon.
2. The method of finishing textile fabrics which comprises treating the fabric with an aqueous solution of an ammonium salt of copolymerized styrene-maleic anhydride and a water-soluble methylol melamine, said salt being deposited on the fabric in amounts varying from 2 to 5% by weight, said methylol melamine being added in amounts varying between 2 and 20% on the weight of said salt, and then drying the fabric, whereby said treating agents react to form an insoluble resin thereon.
3. The method of finishing textile fabrics which comprises treating the fabric with an aqueous solution of an ammonium salt of copolymerized styrene-maleic anhydride and a water-soluble condensation product of dicyandiamide and formaldehyde, said salt bung deposited on the fabric in amounts varying from 2 to by weight, said condensation product being added in amounts varying between 2 and on the weight of said salt, and then drying the fabric, whereby said treating agents react to form an insoluble resin thereon.
4. The method of finishing textile fabrics which comprises treating the fabric with an aqueous solution of an ammonium salt of copolymerized styrene-maleic anhydride and a material from the group consisting of water-soluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a compound of the group consisting of urea, thiourea, melamine and dicyandiamide, the alkyl ethers of said condensation products, and water-soluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a phenol, said salt being deposited on the fabric in amounts varying from 2 to 15% by weight, said condensation product being added in amounts varying between 2 and 20% on the weight of said salt, and then drying the fabric, whereby said treating agents react to form an insoluble resin thereon.
5. The method substantially as described in claim 4, but further characterized in that the fabric is impregnated with the solution at a temperature below F. and is dried by heating for a short period of time at temperatures between 200 and 300 F.
6. The method of finishing textile fabrics which comprises treating the fabric with an aqueous solution of a material from the group con sisting of water-soluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a compound of the group consisting of urea, thiourea, melamine and dicyandiamide, the alkyl ethers of said condensation products, and watersoluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a phenol, and a salt of copolymerized styrene-maleic anhydride selected from the group consisting of ammonium salts and amine salts, said salt being deposited on the fabric in amounts varying from 2 to 15% by weight, said condensation product being added in amounts varying between 6 and 10% on the weight of said salt, and then drying the fabric, whereby said treating agents react to form an insoluble resin on the fabric.
7. The method of preparing and finishing textile fabrics which comprises treating warp yarn with an aqueous solution of a material from the group consisting of water-soluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a compound of the group consisting of urea, thiourea, melamine and dicyandiamide, the alkyl ethers of said condensation products, and Watersoluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a phenol, and a salt of copolymerized styrene-maleic anhydride selected from the group consisting of ammonium salts and amine salts, said salt being deposited on the fabric in amounts varying from 2 to 15% by Weight, said condensation product being added in amounts varying between 2 and 20% on the weight of said salt, then drying the yarn, whereby said treating agents react to form an insoluble resin thereon, and weaving the resulting yarn into a fabric.
8. The method of sizing textile warp yarns, which comprises treating said yarns with an aqueous solution of a material from the group consisting of water-soluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a compound of the group consisting of urea, thiourea, melamine and dicyandiamide, the alkyl ethers of said condensation products, and watersoluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a phenol, and a salt of copolymerized styrene-maleic anhydride selected from the group consisting of ammonium salts and amine salts, said salt being deposited on the fabric in amounts varying from 2 to 15% by weight, said condensation product being added in amounts varying between 2 and 20% on the weight of said salt, and then drying the yarn, whereby said treating agents react to form an insoluble resin thereon.
9. In the manufacture of textile yarns and fabrics from fibrous materials, the steps of treating said fibrous materials at some stage of their processing prior to spinning with an aqueous solution of a material from the group consisting of water-soluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a compound of the group consisting of urea, thiourea, melamine an dicyandiamide, the alkyl ethers of said condensation products, and water-soluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a phenol, and a salt of copolymerized styrene-maleic anhydride selected from the group consisting of ammonium salts and amine salts, said salt being deposited on the fabric in amounts varying from 2 to 15% by weight, said condensation product being added in amounts varying between 2 and 20% on the weight of said salt, and then drying the fibers thus treated, whereby said treating agents react to form an insoluble resin thereon.
10. The method of sizing or finishing textile materials, such as fibers, yarns and fabrics which comprises treating said material with an aqueous solution of a material from the group consisting of water-soluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a compound of the group consisting of urea, thiourea, melamine and dicyandiamide, the alkyl ethers of said condensation products, and water-soluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a phenol, and a salt of a copolymer prepared by copolymerizing a substance selected from the group consisting of styrene agents react to form an insoluble resin thereon.
11. A finishing composition for textile fibers,
yarns or fabrics which comprises an aqueous solution of a material from the group consisting of water-soluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a compound of the group consisting of urea, thiourca, melamine and dicyandiamide, the alkyl ethers of said condensation products, and water-soluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a phenol, and a salt of copolymerized styrene-maleic anhydride selected from the group consisting of ammonium salts and amine salts, said solution containing an amount of said condensation product varying from 6 to 10% of the amount of said salt.
12. A textile fabric impregnated with a salt of copolymerized styrene-maleic anhydride selected from the group consisting of ammonium salts and amine salts, which salt has been cross-linked with a material from the group consisting of water-soluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a compound of the group consisting of urea, thiourea, melamine and dicyandiamide, the alkyl ethers of-said condensation products, and water-soluble thermosetting condensation products of an aliphatic aldehyde and a phenol, said salt being deposited on the fabric in amounts varying from 2 to 15% I by weight, said condensation product being added in amounts varying between 2 and 20% on the weight of said salt.
DONALD H. POWERS. ELMER H. ROSSIN.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,227,200 Roble Dec. 31, 1940 2,245,491 Menger et al June 10, 1941 2,299,786 Battye et a1 Oct. 27, 1942 2,301,959 Lanning Nov. 17, 1942 2,374,767 Mitchell et al May 1, 1945
US63228545 1945-12-01 1945-12-01 Treatment of textile material Expired - Lifetime US2469408A (en)

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GB3312146A GB628881A (en) 1945-12-01 1946-11-07 Improvements in or relating to methods of sizing or finishing textile materials or yarns, and the finishing composition for use in said method
FR937468D FR937468A (en) 1945-12-01 1946-11-20 Improvements relating to the process of sizing or finishing textiles, threads and fabrics; improved materials, yarns and fabrics obtained by these improvements and finishing composition for the application of the foregoing process

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US2499653A (en) * 1946-10-17 1950-03-07 American Cyanamid Co Treatment of protein-containing textile materials and products thereof
US2553524A (en) * 1947-12-20 1951-05-15 Monsanto Chemicals Reaction of aminotriazine-aldehyde with vinyl acetate-maleic copolymer
US2609350A (en) * 1946-12-21 1952-09-02 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Textile finishing agent
US2620316A (en) * 1949-08-20 1952-12-02 American Cyanamid Co Soya protein paper coating containing methylated melamine formaldehyde resin
US2650172A (en) * 1949-01-21 1953-08-25 American Viscose Corp Moistureproofing of nonfibrous cellulosic material
US2651587A (en) * 1947-06-02 1953-09-08 Monsanto Chemicals Treatment of textile materials
DE906685C (en) * 1950-08-16 1954-03-15 Dynamit Nobel Ag Process for improving the properties of textiles
US2760945A (en) * 1951-09-08 1956-08-28 Levey Fred K H Co Inc Pigmented resin emulsions and method of making same
US2804442A (en) * 1953-04-07 1957-08-27 Monsanto Chemicals Aminoplasts
DE1027630B (en) * 1954-02-10 1958-04-10 Bayer Ag Process for the production of textile fabrics ready for use
US2906724A (en) * 1957-03-21 1959-09-29 American Cyanamid Co Composition containing polymethylol melamine and an ammonium salt of a copolymer of an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and an alkyl ester of such an acid
US2952564A (en) * 1956-02-10 1960-09-13 Monsanto Chemicals Protective coating composition containing (1) a volatile nitrogenous base salt of an interpolymer of a conjugated 1, 3-diene and acrylic or methacrylic acid and (2) a water-soluble aminoplast resin and method of protecting steel therewith
US3001899A (en) * 1956-04-16 1961-09-26 Kimberly Clark Co Stereotype mat
US3262897A (en) * 1960-06-27 1966-07-26 Catalin Corp Thermosetting resins modified with glycolic ester derivatives and method of producing the same
US3381055A (en) * 1967-07-03 1968-04-30 Monsanto Co Thermally stable and thermally flexible thermosetting resin composition
US3381054A (en) * 1964-01-02 1968-04-30 Monsanto Co Thermosetting mixture of a melamine-formaldehyde condensate and an interpolymer of astyrene monomer and a maleic monomer
US4594378A (en) * 1985-03-25 1986-06-10 The Lubrizol Corporation Polymeric compositions, oil compositions containing said polymeric compositions, transmission fluids and hydraulic fluids
US4604221A (en) * 1982-07-06 1986-08-05 The Lubrizol Corporation Nitrogen-containing esters and lubricants containing them

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US2227200A (en) * 1939-10-30 1940-12-31 Carbourndum Company Abrasive product
US2245491A (en) * 1937-09-25 1941-06-10 Plaskon Co Inc Production of urea-formaldehyde resins
US2299786A (en) * 1936-12-09 1942-10-27 Tootal Broadhurst Lee Co Ltd Process of treating textile materials
US2301959A (en) * 1940-09-10 1942-11-17 Du Pont Moistureproof sheet wrapping material
US2374767A (en) * 1942-09-02 1945-05-01 Du Pont Grease-resistant film

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US2299786A (en) * 1936-12-09 1942-10-27 Tootal Broadhurst Lee Co Ltd Process of treating textile materials
US2245491A (en) * 1937-09-25 1941-06-10 Plaskon Co Inc Production of urea-formaldehyde resins
US2227200A (en) * 1939-10-30 1940-12-31 Carbourndum Company Abrasive product
US2301959A (en) * 1940-09-10 1942-11-17 Du Pont Moistureproof sheet wrapping material
US2374767A (en) * 1942-09-02 1945-05-01 Du Pont Grease-resistant film

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2499653A (en) * 1946-10-17 1950-03-07 American Cyanamid Co Treatment of protein-containing textile materials and products thereof
US2609350A (en) * 1946-12-21 1952-09-02 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Textile finishing agent
US2651587A (en) * 1947-06-02 1953-09-08 Monsanto Chemicals Treatment of textile materials
US2553524A (en) * 1947-12-20 1951-05-15 Monsanto Chemicals Reaction of aminotriazine-aldehyde with vinyl acetate-maleic copolymer
US2650172A (en) * 1949-01-21 1953-08-25 American Viscose Corp Moistureproofing of nonfibrous cellulosic material
US2620316A (en) * 1949-08-20 1952-12-02 American Cyanamid Co Soya protein paper coating containing methylated melamine formaldehyde resin
DE906685C (en) * 1950-08-16 1954-03-15 Dynamit Nobel Ag Process for improving the properties of textiles
US2760945A (en) * 1951-09-08 1956-08-28 Levey Fred K H Co Inc Pigmented resin emulsions and method of making same
US2804442A (en) * 1953-04-07 1957-08-27 Monsanto Chemicals Aminoplasts
DE1027630B (en) * 1954-02-10 1958-04-10 Bayer Ag Process for the production of textile fabrics ready for use
US2952564A (en) * 1956-02-10 1960-09-13 Monsanto Chemicals Protective coating composition containing (1) a volatile nitrogenous base salt of an interpolymer of a conjugated 1, 3-diene and acrylic or methacrylic acid and (2) a water-soluble aminoplast resin and method of protecting steel therewith
US3001899A (en) * 1956-04-16 1961-09-26 Kimberly Clark Co Stereotype mat
US2906724A (en) * 1957-03-21 1959-09-29 American Cyanamid Co Composition containing polymethylol melamine and an ammonium salt of a copolymer of an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and an alkyl ester of such an acid
US3262897A (en) * 1960-06-27 1966-07-26 Catalin Corp Thermosetting resins modified with glycolic ester derivatives and method of producing the same
US3381054A (en) * 1964-01-02 1968-04-30 Monsanto Co Thermosetting mixture of a melamine-formaldehyde condensate and an interpolymer of astyrene monomer and a maleic monomer
US3381055A (en) * 1967-07-03 1968-04-30 Monsanto Co Thermally stable and thermally flexible thermosetting resin composition
US4604221A (en) * 1982-07-06 1986-08-05 The Lubrizol Corporation Nitrogen-containing esters and lubricants containing them
US4594378A (en) * 1985-03-25 1986-06-10 The Lubrizol Corporation Polymeric compositions, oil compositions containing said polymeric compositions, transmission fluids and hydraulic fluids
US4654403A (en) * 1985-03-25 1987-03-31 The Lubrizol Corporation Polymeric compositions comprising olefin polymer and nitrogen containing ester of a carboxy interpolymer

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GB628881A (en) 1949-09-07
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