US2462698A - Electrical discharge device - Google Patents

Electrical discharge device Download PDF

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Publication number
US2462698A
US2462698A US601126A US60112645A US2462698A US 2462698 A US2462698 A US 2462698A US 601126 A US601126 A US 601126A US 60112645 A US60112645 A US 60112645A US 2462698 A US2462698 A US 2462698A
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United States
Prior art keywords
anode
magnetron
space charge
conductors
type
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Expired - Lifetime
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US601126A
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English (en)
Inventor
Donald A Wilbur
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Publication date
Priority to BE480795D priority Critical patent/BE480795A/xx
Priority to FR955108D priority patent/FR955108A/fr
Priority to US555497A priority patent/US2428193A/en
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US601126A priority patent/US2462698A/en
Priority to GB25219/47A priority patent/GB657487A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2462698A publication Critical patent/US2462698A/en
Priority to DEI3094A priority patent/DE864584C/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/52—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode
    • H01J25/54—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode having only one cavity or other resonator, e.g. neutrode tubes

Definitions

  • My invention relates to electric discharge devices and more particularly to improved high frequency electric discharge devices of the magnetron type.
  • a pair of mutually spaced anode members are provided with opposed curved faces which define a generally cylindrical boundary confining the space charge of the device.
  • the conductors of a parallel wire transmission line are connected respectively with the anode members and extend through the envelope of the device.
  • the operating frequency is readily controlled by adjusting the position of a short circuiting conductor connecting the conductors of the transmission line.
  • Magnetrons having the above construction have been referred to as the split anode type.
  • magnetrons of the latter type which may be referred to as the resonant anode type
  • magnetrons of the latter type have had certain advantages including higher operating frequencies, higher efficiencies and less back heating of the cathode.
  • I provide an improved magnetron construction which retains the simplicity of the split anode type, particularly with respect to tuning, and which at the same time provides to a substantial degree the advantages of the resonant anode type.
  • a magnetron of the split anode type and including a pair of conductors forming a parallel wire transmission line is provided with at least one anode segment in addition to the usual segments which are connected to the parallel wires.
  • the additional anode is connected to a point which is neutral with respect to the high frequency voltage of the transmission line system. Th neutral, may to advantage be established by an internal loop conductor connected to the anode members and forming, in a sense, an extension of the parallel wire transmission line.
  • a magnetrondevice of the split anode type including an internal loop conductor is described and-claimed in the copending Blewett application SerialNo. 555,497, filed September 23, 1944, Pat. No.
  • a magnetron of the resonant anode type having anode face portions of unequal angular extent confining the space charge of the device is described and broadly claimed in the Bondley application, Serial No. 601,121, filed concurrently herewith and assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevational view of an electric discharge device embodying my invention
  • Fig. 2 is a side elevational View of the device shown in Fig. 1
  • Figs. 3 and 4 are, respectively, front and side elevational views of a l0dlfi6d anode construction
  • Figs. 5 and 6 are,
  • FIG. 7 is a front elevational view of a third modification of an anode construction which may be employed in the discharge device of Figs. 1 and 2; and Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken along the line-B-8 of Fig. 7.
  • a magnetron device including an envelope I, preferably formed of glass, within which ismounted a generally.
  • U-shaped conductor 2 which may-to advantage be formed of copper tubing.
  • the arms of the U-shaped tubing extend through the end wall of the envelope and are sealed thereto by suitable seal constructions including sleeves 3 and 4 which are joined, respectively, to the envelope and the arms of the U-shaped conductor and which may be made of any of a class of compositions well-known in the art suitable for metal to glass sealing comprising the elements of iron, nickel, and cobalt.
  • the conductor'2 including portions 5 and 6 which extend to the exterior of the envelope provide a parallel wire transmission line which is terminated by a short circuiting conductor 6 which is illustrated diagrammatically.
  • This conductor is adjustable along the length of conductors 5 and 3 to determine the electrical length of the transmission line.
  • a pair or" anode members 9 and II] are supported in opposed relation from the opposite arms of the U-shaped conductor 2.
  • the anode members are spaced at the inner ends thereof and provided with arcuate surfaces H and I2, respectively, which cooperate with the arcuate surface l3 of a third anode member It to confine the space charge of the device supplied by an elongated cathode 18.
  • the electrode 14 is supported from a neutral point with respect to the high frequency voltage of the magnetron which, in the illustrated embodiment, is provided by the base portion of the U-shaped conductor 2.
  • the anode member l4 extends parallel to and midway between the arms of the U-shaped conductor and terminates short of the segments 9 and ii) to provide gaps l5 and I6.
  • a third gap ll of the device is provided by the spaced ends of the anode segments 9 and ID.
  • the cathode l8, which may be a tungsten wire, is supported on the axis of the generally cylindrical space defined by the curved face portions I I, I2 and I3 of the anode segments by resilient supporting conductors l9 and [9.
  • Circular shielding members 22 and 23 are supported, respectively, from the flexible conductors I9 and I9 on opposite sides of the anode structure to prevent electrons escaping from the interelectrode space from impinging on the glass Walls of the envelope.
  • a shield member 24 may be connected to the anode member 9 and extend over the gap i? to collect electrons escaping therefrom.
  • a suitable getter 25 is supported near the inner wall of the envelope by a conductor 25 secured to the end of the loop conductor 2.
  • the magnetrondevice shown in Figs. 1 and 2 may be operated as a high frequency oscillator by impressing a source of cathode heating voltage on the terminals 20 4 and 2
  • this terminal is provided by a conductor 21 connected to the midpoint of the shorting conductor 3.
  • This latter voltage in conjunction with a magnetic'field produced in the interelectrode space parallel to the cathode by suitable permanent or electromagnetic means (not shown) produces curvilinear motion of the electrons to excite the resonant structure including the anode segments and the transmission line including conductors 2, 5 and 6.
  • the frequency of operation is determined by the geometry of the anode system, the dimensions of the loop 2 and the position of the shorting conductor 8.
  • the conductor 8 is positioned at a distance of a half wavelength, or multiples thereof, from the anode members 9 and ID with its effectiveness being a little greater at a half wavelength than at a greater distance. However, in some constructions the half wavelength of the line is not accessible from the exterior of the envelope for all operating frequencies.
  • the anode structure is modified so that it operates electronically like a six-gap magnetron having a symmetrical arrangement of gaps.
  • the anode segments 28 and 29, connected respectively to the parallel conductors 5 and 6 are provided with end portions 30 and 3
  • the faces of each of the anode segments 28 and 29 subtend an angle of substantially 51.4 degrees or th of a circle.
  • the distribution of the space charge follows substantially the pattern for 60 spacing of adjacent sections, and the device operates in a manner similar to a six-gap resonant anode magnetron.
  • a suitable shield 34 connected with one of the anode members 28 may be provided to minimize the escape of electrons from the interelectrode space. It will be understood that the structure shown in Figs. 3 and 4 forms a part of a complete magnetron system of the same type as that illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.
  • Figs. 5 and 6 I have shown a still further modification of my invention in which the anode sections 35 and 35, connected respectively to the parallel conductors 5 and 6 of the transmission line, are substantially L-shaped with the long arms of the Us extending in spaced parallel relation intermediate the conductors 5 and 6.
  • the inner ends of the anode members cooperate with an arcuate surface 31 forming a third anode member 38 which is connected symmetrically to the loop conductor 2.
  • the angle subtended by the arcuate surface of each of the anode members 35 and 36 is substantially 50, and the device operates electronically as a six-gap magnetron of the resonant anode type.
  • the device is tuned as in the arrangement of Figs. 1 and 2 by means of the sliding short or the external conductors of the transmission line.
  • Figs. '7 and 8 a still further modification of my invention in which the two anode segments connected with the conductors of the transmission line are arranged alternately with a pairof conductors, both of which are connected to a neutral point established by the loop conductor of the transmission line 2.
  • anode members 39 and 48 are connected respectively to the conductors 5 and t and terminate in opposed spaced relation.
  • An electrode connected With the loop conductor 2 and extending parallel to the arm portions 5 and 6 of the transmission line terminates in a curved surface 42 lying between anode members 39 and 40 and forming a part of the space charge confining structure.
  • a similarly shaped surface 43 is provided on a member 44 which is mechanically and electrically connected with the electrode ll by a. pair of cylindrical members 45 and it which are received respectively in recesses formed in the opposite faces of members ii and 44-.
  • the cathode designated by the numeral 47 is located unsymmetrically with respect to the arcuate surfaces on anode members 39, 40, 4
  • the interelectrode space is made symmetrical by a generally cylindrical member 8 which is located concentrically with the space charge confining surfaces of the anode members and provided with an axial recess 49 for the reception of the cathode 41.
  • An integral extension 59 on the member 48 provides a means for supporting the member 48 from one of the cathode supporting conductors such as H! of Figs. 1 and 2.
  • the angle subtended by the anode section 39 and one of the adjacent gaps is substantially 36 and the device functions electronicalli, in a manner very similar to a ten-gap resonant anode magnetron.
  • the frequencyof the four anode type of tube is twice that of the'split an'ode type because, during rotation of thecspace char'ge, power impulses are delivered -tosuccessive g apsat double the frequencybyvirtue of their relatively closer spacing around the periphery of thechamher.
  • the frequencyof tubes with greater-numbers of anodes is correspondingly higher.
  • the frequency of the illustrated embodiments of the presentinvention should-be greater than that of the split-anode type because of the relatively closer. gap spacing.
  • the frequency behavior should be the same as fora four anode tube because anodes 9 and I8 have angular positions corresponding to their counterparts in a four anode tube.
  • the neutral element (third anode member M for example) hasno high frequencyv potential variations imposed upon it because it is connected to an electricallyneutral point on the transmission line constituting the resonant circuit.
  • Theneutral element, there'- fore, serves only to maintain, throughout the entire 360 surrounding the cathode, the unidirectional radial electric field necessary'to maintain the rotating space chargein-the chamber.
  • magnetrons embodying my invention are readily tuned in the same manner as conventional magnetrons of the'split anodetype. I have found that these lnagnetrons also' possess to a high degree the advantages of the resonant anode type with respect'to operating frequency for a given magnetic field, the absence of back" heating of the cathode, and efficiency" of operation. All of the illustrated embodiments of my inventionare characterized by the use'of more than two anode members with at least one of the anode m'embers connected to a high frequencylneutral point on the transmission line.
  • a magnetron device comprising, an em velope, a transmission line including a pair of parallel conductors extending through a Wall oi said envelope, mean electrically connecting said conductors within said envelope to provide an electrically neutral point, a plurality of anode members having portions cooperating to define a substantially cylindrical space within which the electrons constituting the space charge of the device are adapted to move, two of said members being connected respectively with said parallel conductors and a third of said members being connected with said neutral point.
  • a magnetron device comprising, a transmission line including a pair of parallel conductors, means interconnecting said conductors to provide an electrically neutral point, a plurality of anode members having portions cooperating to define a space within which the electrons constituting the space charge of the device are adapted to move, two of said members being connected respectively with said parallel conductors and a third of said members being connected with said neutral point, and an hermetically sealed envelope enclosing said anode members.
  • a magnetron device comprising, an envelope, at least three anode members in said envelope having curved surfaces cooperating to define a space within which the electron-s constituting the space charge of the device are adapted to move, a transmission line system including a substantially U-shaped conductor having a base portion positioned in said envelope and the arm portions extending through a wall of said envelope, two of said anode members being connected respectively with said arm portions and a third anode member being connected with the base portion of said U-shaped conductor.
  • a magnetron device comprising, an envelope, at least three anode members having surfaces cooperating to define a space within which the electrons constituting the space charge of the device are adapted to move, a transmission line system including a pair of parallel conductors each having a portion of the length thereof lying within said envelope, two of said anode members being connected respectively with said conductors and positioned within said envelope, and means connecting said conductors together to establish an electrically neutral point, the third of said anode members being connected with said neutral point and positioned symmetrically between said pair of conductors.
  • a magnetron device comprising, an envelope of vitreous material, a transmission line system including a substantially U-shaped structure mounted within said envelope with the arms of said U extending through said envelope, a pair of anode members connected respectively to the arms of said U-shaped conductor and a third anode member connected with the base portion of said U-shaped conductor and extending intermediate and parallel to the arm portions of said U-shaped structure, said anode members terminating in curved surfaces which cooperate to define. aspace Within which the electrons constituting the space charge of the device are adapted to move.
  • a magnetron device comprising a transmission line including a pair of parallel conductors and having a point electrically neutral with respect to high frequency voltage therein, a pair of anode sections connected respectively to said conductors, each of said sections having a curved surface of substantially less than and an additional anode section connected to said neutral point symmetrically with respect to both of said conductors and having a curved surface 00- operating with the curved surfaces of said first mentioned anode sections to define a substantially closed space within which the electronsconstituting the space charge of the device are adapted to move.
  • a magnetron device comprising a transmission line including a pair of parallel conductors, means connecting said conductors together to establish a high frequency neutral point, a plurality of anode sections having face portions separated from each other by gaps and cooperating to define a region within which the electrons constituting the space charge of the device are adapted to move, two of said anode sections arranged oppositely with respect to said region being connected with said neutral point, and other of said anode sections interposed between said first mentioned anode sections and connected respectively with said parallel conductors.
  • a magnetron device comprising a transmission line including a pair of parallel conductors and having a point electrically neutral with respect to high frequency voltage therein, a, pair of anode members connected respectively-witlr said conductors and having portions extending in mutually spaced relation to define a gap, an additional anode member connected to said neutral point symmetrically with respect to said conductors and having portions thereof extending in spaced relation to said first mentioned anode members to provide additional gaps, the surfaces of said anode members extending between said gaps cooperating to define a substantially closed region within which the electrons constituting the space charge of the device are adapted to move.
  • an electic discharge device of "the magnetron type for energizing said circuit comprising a'plurality of electrodes having juxtaposed faces defining a space charge chamber adapted to accommodate a rotating space charge of the magnetron type, one of said electrodes being conductively connected to'said neutral point, the voltage of said electrode thereby being substantially neutral with respect to high frequency voltages in said circuit during norma1 operation of said apparatus, at least one other of said electrodes being conductively connected to a clifferent'point in said circuit other than said neutral point, said other electrode being thereby subjected to the high frequency voltage of said difierent point during normal operation of said apparatus and an hermetically sealed envelope enclosing said plurality of electrodes and said space charge chamber.
  • Electrical apparatus of the magnetron type comprising a resonant circuit having a point electrically neutral with respect to high frequency voltages established therein during normal op-' ation of said apparatus, an electric discharge device of the magnetron type for energizing said circuit comprising a cathode and a plurality of anode electrodes having juxtaposed faces defining about said cathode a generally cylindrical a e harge chamber adapted to accommodate a rotating space charge of the magnetron type, one of said electrodes being conductively connected to said neutral point, the voltage of said electrode thereby being substantially neutral with respect to high frequenc voltages in said circuit during normal operation of said apparatus, at least one other of said electrodes being conductively connected to a different point in said circuit other than said neutral point, said other electrode being thereby subjected to the high frequency voltage of said different point during normal operation of said apparatus, and an hermetically sealed envelope enclosing said plurality of electrodes and said space charge chamber.
  • an electron discharge device of the magnetron type for energizing said circuit comprising a plurality of electrodes having juxtaposed faces defining a generally cylindrical space charge chamber adapted to accommodate a rotating space charge of the magnetron type, one of said electrodes having a face subtending at least about 180 of the periphery of said chamber and being conductively connected to said neutral point, the voltage of electrode thereby being substantially neutral with respect to high frequency voltages in said circuit during normal operation of said apparatus, least two other of said electrodes having symmetrically subtending substantially equal angular portions of the remainder of said periphery bein conductively connected each to different pants in said circuit other than said neutral point, said other electrodes being thereby subjected to the high frequency voltages of said different points during normal operation of said apparatus, and an hermetically sealed envelope enclosing said plurality of electrode
  • Electrical apparatus of the magnetron type comprisin an oscillatory circuit having a point electrically neutral with respect to high frequency voltages established therein during normal operation of said apparatus, means for sustaining high frequency oscillations in said circuit including an electron discharge device of the magnetr-on type comprising a plurality of electrodes having juxtaposed faces defining a space charge chamber adapted to accommodate a rotating space charge of the magnetron type, one of said electrodes being conductively connected to said neutral point, the voltage of said electrode thereby being substantially neutral with respect to high frequency voltages in said circuit during normal operation of said apparatus, at least one other of said electrodes being conductively connected to a different point in said circuit other than said neutral point whereby oscillations in said circuit may be sustained by interaction between said space charge and said other electrode, and an hermetically sealed envelope enclosing 7 said plurality of electrodes and said space charge chamber.
  • Electrical apparatus of the magnetron type comprising a resonant transmission line having a point electrically neutral with respect to high frequency voltages established therein during normal operation of said apparatus, means for sustaining high frequency oscillations in said. circuit including an electron discharge device of the magnetron type comprising a cathode and a plurality of anode electrodes having juxtaposed faces defining about said cathode a generally cylindrical space charge chamber adapted to ac commodate a rotating space charge of the magnetron type, one of said electrodes being conductively connected to said neutral point, the voltage of said electrode thereby being substantially neutral with respect to high frequency voltages on said line during normal operation of said apparatus, at least one other of said electrodes being conductively connected to a different point on said line other than said neutral point whereby 2o oscillations in said line may be sustained by interaction between said space charge and said other electrode, and an hermetically sealed envelope enclosing said plurality of electrodes and said space charge chamber.
  • Electrical apparatus of the magnetron type comprising a resonant circuit having a point electrically neutral with respect to high frequency voltages established therein during normal operation of said apparatus, means for sustaining high frequency oscillations in said circuit including an electron discharge device of the magnetron type comprising a plurality of electrodes having juxtaposed faces defining a generally cylindrical space charge chamber adapted to accommodate a rotating space charge of the magnetron type, one of said electrodes having a face subtending at least about 180 of the periphery of said chamber and being conductively connected to said neutral point, the voltage of said electrode thereby being substantially neutral with respect to high frequency voltages in said circuit during normal operation of said apparatus, at least two other of said electrodes having faces symmetrically subtending equal angular portions of said periphery and being conductively connected each to diiferent points in said circuit other than said neutral point whereby 0scillations in said circuit may be sustained by interaction between said space charge and said other electrodes, and an hermetically sealed envelope enclosing said pluralit

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US601126A 1944-09-23 1945-06-23 Electrical discharge device Expired - Lifetime US2462698A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE480795D BE480795A (pt) 1945-06-23
FR955108D FR955108A (pt) 1945-06-23
US555497A US2428193A (en) 1944-09-23 1944-09-23 Magnetron
US601126A US2462698A (en) 1945-06-23 1945-06-23 Electrical discharge device
GB25219/47A GB657487A (en) 1945-06-23 1947-09-15 Improvements in and relating to magnetrons
DEI3094A DE864584C (de) 1945-06-23 1950-10-03 Magnetronroehre mit einem angebauten Resonanzkreis

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US601126A US2462698A (en) 1945-06-23 1945-06-23 Electrical discharge device

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US2462698A true US2462698A (en) 1949-02-22

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US601126A Expired - Lifetime US2462698A (en) 1944-09-23 1945-06-23 Electrical discharge device

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BE (1) BE480795A (pt)
DE (1) DE864584C (pt)
FR (1) FR955108A (pt)
GB (1) GB657487A (pt)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2502405A (en) * 1948-12-20 1950-03-28 Raytheon Mfg Co Electron-discharge device of the magnetron type
US2521556A (en) * 1946-11-20 1950-09-05 Gen Electric Magnetron
US2547659A (en) * 1947-05-07 1951-04-03 Gen Electric Grid controlled magnetron apparatus for frequency controllable systems
US2652516A (en) * 1949-10-21 1953-09-15 Charles V Litton Simplitron magnetron
US2747031A (en) * 1950-05-10 1956-05-22 Gen Electric Magnetron amplifier
US3327242A (en) * 1962-01-11 1967-06-20 Csf Crossed field tube noise generator

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2046688A (en) * 1934-03-30 1936-07-07 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Magnetostatic oscillator with internal oscillating circuit
US2063342A (en) * 1934-12-08 1936-12-08 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2110448A (en) * 1935-08-20 1938-03-08 Rca Corp Oscillator
GB486244A (en) * 1937-04-01 1938-06-01 M O Valve Co Ltd Improvements in electric discharge devices adapted to generate short-wave oscillations
US2168295A (en) * 1936-06-05 1939-08-01 Philips Nv Oscillator and frequency changer
US2173252A (en) * 1935-11-05 1939-09-19 Telefunken Gmbh Magnetron
CH215600A (de) * 1938-08-12 1941-06-30 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Anordnung mit einer Magnetronröhre.
US2402397A (en) * 1941-07-25 1946-06-18 Rca Corp Ultra short wave oscillator
US2409913A (en) * 1944-02-14 1946-10-22 Gen Electric Wave guide structure

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE738320C (de) * 1938-10-20 1943-08-11 Telefunken Gmbh Magnetfeldroehrenanordnung zur Erzeugung ultrahochfrequenter Schwingungen

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2046688A (en) * 1934-03-30 1936-07-07 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Magnetostatic oscillator with internal oscillating circuit
US2063342A (en) * 1934-12-08 1936-12-08 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2110448A (en) * 1935-08-20 1938-03-08 Rca Corp Oscillator
US2173252A (en) * 1935-11-05 1939-09-19 Telefunken Gmbh Magnetron
US2168295A (en) * 1936-06-05 1939-08-01 Philips Nv Oscillator and frequency changer
GB486244A (en) * 1937-04-01 1938-06-01 M O Valve Co Ltd Improvements in electric discharge devices adapted to generate short-wave oscillations
CH215600A (de) * 1938-08-12 1941-06-30 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Anordnung mit einer Magnetronröhre.
US2402397A (en) * 1941-07-25 1946-06-18 Rca Corp Ultra short wave oscillator
US2409913A (en) * 1944-02-14 1946-10-22 Gen Electric Wave guide structure

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2521556A (en) * 1946-11-20 1950-09-05 Gen Electric Magnetron
US2547659A (en) * 1947-05-07 1951-04-03 Gen Electric Grid controlled magnetron apparatus for frequency controllable systems
US2502405A (en) * 1948-12-20 1950-03-28 Raytheon Mfg Co Electron-discharge device of the magnetron type
US2652516A (en) * 1949-10-21 1953-09-15 Charles V Litton Simplitron magnetron
US2747031A (en) * 1950-05-10 1956-05-22 Gen Electric Magnetron amplifier
US3327242A (en) * 1962-01-11 1967-06-20 Csf Crossed field tube noise generator

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DE864584C (de) 1953-01-26
FR955108A (pt) 1950-01-10
GB657487A (en) 1951-09-19
BE480795A (pt)

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