US2448093A - Penetrating oil compositions - Google Patents

Description

Patented Aug. 31, 1948 rENETRA'riNG om ooly irosrrlons Lewis D. Gittin'gs, Anniston, Ala., asslgnor to Monsanto Chemical Company, St. Louis, Mo., acorporation of Delaware This invention'relates' to his outstanding penetrating and creeping properties and to a process of producing same.

Anobject of the invention is to provide a combined penetrating and lubricating on character- 'ized by having a high degree of capillarity which oily compositions h'av-w 3 Application October 24, 1945, Serial No.'624,316

I. l .6 Claims. (01. 252-59) *with' dicyclohexyl, and it is prepared by simply mixing these ingredients together since they are freely soluble in each other.

' Reference is made to the following table which illustrates a number of typical compositions prepared in accordance with the present invention.

Penetrating oil compositions 1 1, K same '1, s indl our. 2 s m Com. No. l ta x v i t y Per 3%y Per Cent l3y l er C nt By {gi 5 35; (gait; I, V01. V01. 4 Vol. (A Vol. (B) Sal seconds at 25 C.

causes it to quicklypenetrate andlubricateco- (A) Properties of SAE-IO oil: 7 herent or coalesced surfaces. ..I. gravity 60 F. min"-.. 30.5 Another object of the invention is to provid Color, Robinson 8-9 a penetrating oil which is highly effective for Open flash F. ASTM min 410 loosening badly rusted nuts, bolts, studs, and Pour test F. max -20 similar so called "frozen connections. 5- Viscosity 100 F. Say 185/195 An additional object is to provide a penetrat- Per cent Conradson carbon max- 0.12 ing oil characterized by its ability to loosen or V. I. min 105 dissolve rust or corrosion which prevents rela- .(B)-:Pr0pertiesof spindle oilA: tive movement between metal surfaces. Viscosity at 100 F seconds '72 A further object is to provide a novel composition which, by virtue of its pronounced penetrating powers, is adapted for use in the removal of carbon from internal combustion engines.

Other objects will be apparent to those skilled in the art as the description proceeds.

A penetrating oil to be of commercial value must have a high degree of capillarity so that it will quickly work its way into minute spaces between corroded, rusted or frozen surfaces. It must also have a low viscosity and a high prefer ential wetting power for the surface to be lubricated as it is essential that the oil penetrate the rust and adhere to the underlying surface. Moreover, where the penetrating oil is to be used as a lubricant it must have a vapor pressure such that after reaching its point of use, it will not completely evaporate and it must also have suillcient body to lubricate the metal surfaces when relative motion occurs.

I have developed a composition fully satisfying the above requirements which is characterized by outstanding penetrating and creeping properties. This composition comprises a light hydrocarbon oil or a mixture of a light hydrocarbon oil and a lubricating oil in combination The above compositions are highly eiilcient penetrating oils and may be used for loosening rusted nuts, bolts, studs, laboratory ring stands and other so called frozen connections. Of the above compositions, Example 4 is preferred since it possesses exceptional penetrating properties and has been found superior to any of the commercial penetrating oils now on the market.

Compositions 3, 5, 6 and 7 are efilcient lubricants and in addition have excellent penetrating powers, but in the latter respect they are not quite as effective as composition 4.

All of the foregoing compositions, and particularly composition 4, are adapted for use in the removal of carbon from internal combustion engines. When employed for this purpose, the compositions are introduced into the engine through the carburetor air-intake while the engine is in operation. The amount added varies with the composition selected and with the condition and size of the engine, but in general substantially complete removal of carbon can be obtained by means of about one pint of penetrating oil. As an alternative to the above procedure, the penetrating oil may be added directly to the motor fuel.

of lubricating oil should be correspondingly decreased.

in place of kerosene, other materials such as light hydrocarbons (28.0 A. P. I. gravity or higher), Varnolene, furnace oil, gasoline, light gas oil, one of the pressure naphthas (in the reflned or crude state) or mixtures of two or more of these-may be'employed.

Moreover, other lubricants may .ribexsubstituted for those specifically mentioned in the above table, such as:

1. Spindle oil having a Saybolt viscosityhofc from about 70 to 350 seconds andpreferably'from 90 to 130 seconds at 100 F. f

2. Lubricating oils having ia specifici'gravityctof about 0.89 to 0.91.

3. Lubricating oil of a paraflinic ortan asphaltic 4. Light lubricating oils of 20 A. P.L'.I.=:--gravity or lighter.

The proportions. of: the vvarious i-ngredientsimay v.fluctuate. over wide limits-withoutzdepartingi'from the spirit of the present-1invention,:it-=beingtunlderstood that this factor will vary -=depending upon the viscosityaof the -.lightt-hydrocarbon :oil

and/or ,the lubricating oil 1 and the work .to- \be done.

For example, the amountpf"dicyclohexyl 'may vary from 5 to 60 by vo'lumefan'd even' higher 215 base with a viscosity of about 100 Sayboltmt,

percentages are-within the scopeof ztheiinvention but-for apenetratingoilo'f general utilitygI prefer 1:530

to employ'about60%= by volume oirthis'compound. The content of light"hydrocarbonoirand"lubri cating oil is preferably maintained within the rangesofhfrom 5% 'toi "and to 75%:by volume respectively, but higher or flower proporiltionsiof these materials are also'within the scope or theinvention.

In general, where the a composition is employed as a combined penetrating andlubricating oil,'it'is desirable to use a relatively high proportion oflubricating -"oilin rela- *tion to thelighthydrocarbon tiil. "-Orrthe other hand if a penetrating oilof'pronouncedcreeping properties is'desired, the proportion oflight hydrocarbon oilshoulclbe increasedand-the content The foregoing description has been restricted to combinations of dicyclohexyl' with lighthydrocarbon oils and/or lubricating oils, but it should be clearly understood that the invention is not limited thereto as dicyclohexyl increases the effectiveness of penetrating oils generally. Thus, in its broadest aspect, the present invention contemplates the :addition of tdicyclohexyl to all 5; knownipenetrating oils. totincreaseitheir tefificiency either by replacing or supplementing the active constituent thereof.

While I have described my invention in detail, 'it'shouldbeunderstood that many changes may zbemadethereimwithout departing from the spirit eofasame.

low viscosity'lubricating oil and byvolume of dicyclohexyl.

r5.'"A"combined-penetrating and lubricating oil comprisingiin combination 20% by volume of -kerosene, by volume of a low viscosity lubricating oil and 5% by volume of dicyclohexyl.

"'6. *Acombined'penetrating and lubricating oil comprising E in combination 25% by volume of kerosene, 50 %"by*vo'lume of a low viscosity lubrieatin oil and 25%--by volume of dicyclohexyl.

LEWIS D. GITTINGS.

wRrEF-ERENGES CITED Ihafollowmg references are-Moi record "in :the file of this patent: I

IUNITED ISTA'IES -PATENTS ?Number Name ":Date

1,333,363 5'Alobott. 1 Mar.x=.9,i ,1920 il;580.','233 E'Gopthorne L f-Apr. :13, .1926 21;822;886 :El'derkin ......-":'Sept. 15, 1931 "3 .2;389j608 Galvan ii Nov. 27, 1945