US2446600A - Anode tube for ionic valves for high-voltage static current converters - Google Patents

Anode tube for ionic valves for high-voltage static current converters Download PDF

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Publication number
US2446600A
US2446600A US517070A US51707044A US2446600A US 2446600 A US2446600 A US 2446600A US 517070 A US517070 A US 517070A US 51707044 A US51707044 A US 51707044A US 2446600 A US2446600 A US 2446600A
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United States
Prior art keywords
bodies
tube
anode
conducting
current path
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Expired - Lifetime
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US517070A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lamm Uno
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ABB Norden Holding AB
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ASEA AB
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
    • H01J17/02—Details
    • H01J17/04—Electrodes; Screens

Definitions

  • the condition that the conducting bodies shall occupy at least half of the volume of the anode tube refers to their outer dimensions but does not exclude the existence of cavities therein which from an electrostatic point of View can be regarded as entirely closed so that n-o electric eld's causing or mantaining ionisation may be found in them. Such cavities may then be regarded as forming parts of the bodies proper.
  • the surface of radiation per unit length is only proportional to the diameter
  • an increase of the total current must be accompanied by an increase -of proportion between the outer diameter of the bodies and the maximum diameter of the current path, for instance upon a doubling of the current the proportion between the outer diameter of the bodies and the maximum diameter of the current path should be increased from 2 to about 2.8.
  • the rule may be applied that the eX- ternal diameter of the bodies, expressed in centimeters, should be represented by a number of the same order of magnitude as the total mean area of the current path, expressed in square centimeters. 4
  • the effort t-o improve the cooling tends to give too lange values of the outer diameter, the latter can be somewhat reduced while providing the same total radiating surface by making the axial dimension of the bodies larger at the periphery than adjacent to the current path.
  • this generally gives. the result that the parts lying between' therperiphery and the current path Will be dened by coni-cal surfaces of great-er heigh-t the nearer to the ends of the anode tube the bodies :are situated.
  • This shaping is also advantageous with respect to the dielectric strength.
  • the space adjacent to the anode is in the form here shown surrounded b y a porcelain tube 2, which is close-S ,at the top in a Vacuum-tight manner by a cover i3, which may be metallic and serve at the same time as an anode conductor.
  • a cover i3 which may be metallic and serve at the same time as an anode conductor.
  • the tube is vjoined to the cathode space 4, also in a vacuum-tight manner.
  • a number of conducting bodies 5 are mounted between the anode and the cathode space., said bodies being submitted, during the blocking interval of the ionic valve, to different potentials decreasing in value towards the cathode space.
  • These bodies which, like'the anode, are preferably of graphite or iron, have near their centres a number of holes 6, which in the dierent bodies register with each other ⁇ so as to form straight passages for the passage of the current.
  • a bore 'l in the anode preferably also ⁇ registers with each passage.
  • the number of the passages is prefer ⁇ ably adapted to the total current, so that each passage conducts a maximum current lof a subof h eat developed at normal current is substantially constant per unit of volume. This proportion can be further increased by making the axial dimension of the conducting bodies 5 greater at the periphery than near the current path, the
  • VAlsofthe anode preferably has a corresponding shape; as shown.
  • the anodespace 'be externally limited by a coherent insulating tube although under present day pracn stantially xed value and in connection therewith Y preferably has a substantially fixed area. This is desirable to produce the deionisa-tion during the blocking intervals by providing a short path for every ion in the conducting-gas path to the nearest neutralizing surface. Under the operating conditions presently in general use, it has been found suitable in order to obtain a stable operation to make .the width of the passage about 2 cm. and the normal current in each channel (mean value during one cycle) about 5-10 amp.
  • the distanceebetween the passages should as a rule not be larger than is necessary to provide the required mechanical streng-th, so that an e'qualizing of ion-s between the channels and a uniform current distributionwill be facilitated. If the distance between the passages is chosen with these points 4in mind, a ⁇ cross-sectional area ⁇ is obtained, about half of which is formed by the passages and the rest by the lwalls between them. Outside this area, the conducting bodies according to lthe present invention extend so far-that theirouter diameter will beat least twice as large as the maximum diameter of the area containing the passages or current paths.
  • the ionisation of the metal vapor will be substantially limited to the conducting passages, While ionisation outside these passages towards the surrounding wall will be small, and the possibility of striking an arc in vthese outer spaces willbe a minimum. This possibility is still further reduced by the small width tice :this may perhaps seem preferable.
  • the conducting bodies 5 consist of a vacuum-tight material, for instance of iron or other metal,v which can be-joined as shown to a vacuum-tight insulati-ngmaterial 29, as vporcelain or -steatita in a satisfactorily vacuum-tight manner
  • the conducting bodies may extend externally to the open air and 'be joined in .a'vacuum-tight manner to the separating insulatorrings 2U so as to form one continuous tubular wall al-ternately consisting of insulating and conducting material.
  • An essential advantage o f this arrangement is that the holding of the .conducting bodies in their proper relativefpositions and the supply of current for keeping Ythem at the appropriate potentials are easier than inthe form shown.
  • radial holes 3 are made from the outside in the conducting bodies, for instance three in each V'l:rody,uniforrnly distributed along the periphery,
  • pins I8 preferably of .porcelain or other ceramic insulating material, are introduced into the holes 8,
  • the Yconducting bodies are introduced t-o their positions, and in axial holes ll therein, screws -l ⁇ 2 ,with conical heads are screwed, which then press the pins Ill into the notches 9, so as to keep theconnecting body rmly in place.
  • the bodies are .preferably introduced from the nearest end of the tube, by which the assembly is facilitated. -Bymakingthepins IB. of insulating material, the Aadvantage vis gained that the joint be- .tween .conductor rand insulator will be better sc reenedthan if the pins are made of metal.
  • the currents which must be supplied to the conductive bodies in order to keep these at suitable potentials, are rather weak and as also the best insulating materials, for ins-tance porcelain, generally have a certain limited conductivity at 4the operation temperature of the tubular wall, it may in some cases be possible to conduct the current to the conducting bodies through the tubular wall, which for this purpose is then provided with conducting layers, for instance of metal, opposite each other on its outer and inner faces. The inner layers are then connected to the conducting bodies and the outer layers are connected to suitable points of a voltage source.
  • these grids may also be maintained in place and connected to current sources in the same manner as the conducting bodies 5.
  • An anode tube for ionic valves for high voltage static current converters said tube having an anode and a cathode space and at least one current path therebetween, and having means therein to distribute the voltage in said path during the non-conducting parts of the cycles, said means comprising a group of conducting bodies mounted in said tube adjacent the current path, the volume of said bodies being equal to at least half of the volume of the space between the anode and the cathode space.
  • An anode tube for ionic valves for high voltage static current converters said tube having an anode and a cathode space and at least one current path therebetween, and having means therein to distribute the voltage in said path during the non-conducting parts of the cycles, said means comprising a group of conducting bodies mounted in said tube adjacent the current path and having the distance between the outer periphery of the current path and the outer periphery of said bodies exceeding one centimeter, the Volume of said bodies, including the volume occupied by the current path through :said bodies, being equal t0 at least 60 per cent of the volume of the space between the anode and the cathode space.
  • An ionic valve for high voltage static current converters comprising, an anode, a cathode space, a tube surrounding said anode and communicating with said cathode space, a number of conducting bodies contained in said tube, conductive connectors for impressing diiferent voltages on said conducting bodies, passages in said bodies adapted to carry discharge current between said anode and said cathode space, said bodies being spaced from each other at distances which are less than one tenth of the distance between the outermost of said current-carrying passages and the periphery of said tube.
  • An anode tube for ionic valves for high voltage static current converters said tube having an anode and a cathode space and at least one current path therebetween, and having means therein to distribute the voltage in said path during the non-conducting parts of the cycles, said means comprising a group of conducting bodies mounted in said tube at small distances from each other, and adjacent the current path the peripheral parts of said bodies being thicker than the central parts.
  • anode tube as claimed in claim 6, the portions of the bodies connecting said peripheral and central parts having frustoconical surfaces, the said surfaces being shorter on the bodies near the center of the group and increasing in length toward each end of the group.
  • An anode tube of ceramic material for ionic valves for high voltage static current converters said tube having an anode and a cathode space and at least one current path therebetween, and having means therein to distribute the voltage in said path during the non-conducting cycle portions, said means comprising a group of conducting bodies mounted in said tube adjacent the current path and slightly spaced from the wall of said anode tube, said tube having holes therethrough, conductors connected to said bodies and extending through said holes, and sheet metal pieces closing said holes and glazed to said tube, said sheet metal pieces being connected to said conductors.
  • anode tube of ceramic material for ionic valves for high voltage static current converters said tube having an anode and a cathode space and at least one current path therebetween, and having means therein to distribute the voltage in said path during the non-conducting cycle portions, sai-d means -comprising a group of conducting bodies mounted in said tube adjacent the current path and slightly spaced from the wall of said anode tube, said tube having holes therethrough, conductors connected to said bodies and extending through said holes, and sheet metal pieces outside said tubes glazed thereto and covering said holes, said sheet metal pieces being connected to said conductors.
  • An anode tube of ceramic material for ionic valves for high voltage static current converters said tube having an anode and a cathode space and at least one current p-ath therebetween, and having means therein to distribute the voltage in said path during the non-conducting cycle portions, said means comprising a group of conducting bodies mounted in said tube adjacent the current path and slightly spaced from the wall of said anode tube, said tube having holes therethrough, conductors connected to said bodies and extending through said holes, said tube having projections on the outer surface thereof around said holes, and sheet metal caps covering and glazed to said projections, said caps being connected to said conductors.
  • An anode tube for ionic valves for high voltage static current converters said tube having an anode and a cathode space and at least one current path therebetween, and having means therein to distribute the voltage in said path during the non-conducting parts lof the- Gycle, said means comprising a group of conduct-ing bodies mounted in said tube adjacent to the current path and having the distance between the outer periphery of the current path and the outer periphery of said bodies exceeding one centimeter, the volume o said bodies, including the volume occupied by the current path through said bodies, being equal to at least 60 per cent of the volume of the space between the anode and the cathode space, andsaid bodies being spaced from each other and from any other adjacentl conducting parts by less than about one centimeter.
  • An anode tube ⁇ for ionic valves for high voltage static current converters said tube having an anode and a cathode spaceand at least one ycurrent, path therebetween, and having means therein todistribute the voltage in said path during the non-conducting parts of the cycle, said means con'iprisinor a group of conducting bodies mounted in said tube adjacent to the vcurrent and having the distance between the cuter periphery of the current path andthe outer periphery of said bodies.
  • the volume of said bodies including vthe volume occupied by the current path through said bodies, being equal to at least 60 per cent of theY volume of the space between the anode and the cathode space, and in which said' bodies Vare formed or a vacuum-tight materiaL vacuum-tight rings of insulating material between the outer part of said bodies, said bodies being glazed to said rings, and said rings together with the outer part ⁇ of said bodies forming the Wall of the tube.
  • An anode tube for ionic valves for high voltage staticcurrent convertersJ said tube having an anode and a cathode space and at least one current path therebetween, and having means therein to distribute the voltagey in said path during the non-conducting4 parts of the cycle, said means comprising a group of conducting-- bodies mounted in said tube adjacent to the current path and having the distance between the outer periphery oi the current path through said bodies, being equal to at least 60 f per cent of the volume oi the space between the anode and the cathode space, a member of vacuum-tight insulating materialv around said bodies and spaced slightly therefrom, said member forming the wall of the tube around the space between the anode and the cathode space, said member having notches on its inner surface, and said bodies having ping engaging the said notches to support the bodies in .said member.
  • An anode tube for ionic valves for high voltage static current converters said tube having anv anode and a cathode space and' atleast one current path therebetween, and having means therein to distribute thevoltage in said path during the. non-conducting parts of the cycle, said means comprising a group of conducting bodies mounted in said tube adjacent to the current path and having the distance between the outer periphery of the current path and the outer periphery of said bodies exceeding one centimeter, the volume of said bodies, including the volume occupied by the current path through said bodies, being equal to at least 60 per cent of the volume of the space between the anode and the cathode space, a member of vacuum-tight insulating material around said bodies and spaced slightly therefrom, said member forming the wall of the tube around the space between the anode and the cathode space, said member having notches on its inner surface, and said bodies having pins engaging in said notches to support the bodies in said member, and said pins being composed of a ceramic
  • An anode tube for ionic valves for highv voltage static current converters said tube having an anode and a cathode space and at least one current path therebetween, and having means therein to distribute the voltage in said path during the non-conducting parts of the cycle, said means comprising a group of conducting vbodies mounted in said tube adjacent to the current path and having the distance between the outer periphery of the current path and the outer periphery of said bodies exceeding one centimeter, the volume of said bodiesy including the volume occupied by the current path through said bodies, being equal to at least per cent of the volume ci the space between the anode and the cathode space, a member of vacuum-tight insulating material around said bodies, and spaced slightly therefrom, said member forming the wall of the tube around the space between the anode and the cathode space, said member having holes therethrough, conductors'connected to the bodies and extending through said holes, said member having projections on the outer surface thereof around said holes, and metal

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  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
US517070A 1942-11-05 1944-01-05 Anode tube for ionic valves for high-voltage static current converters Expired - Lifetime US2446600A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE241292X 1942-11-05

Publications (1)

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US2446600A true US2446600A (en) 1948-08-10

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US (1) US2446600A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE453005A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (3) CH246548A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE895634C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR903622A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (2) GB586574A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL75741C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2801357A (en) * 1951-05-12 1957-07-30 Asea Ab Anode tube for high voltage ionic valves
US2857542A (en) * 1953-07-01 1958-10-21 Charles E Curtis Anode structure for gas tubes
US2926278A (en) * 1950-07-15 1960-02-23 Asea Ab Arrangement in anode tubes for high voltage ionic valves

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1239026B (de) * 1961-05-16 1967-04-20 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Betriebsschaltung fuer einen Quecksilberdampfgleichrichter mit Steuergitter

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1231587A (en) * 1915-08-09 1917-07-03 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Shielding system for vapor-converters.
US1908949A (en) * 1930-05-26 1933-05-16 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Electric rectifier control grid
GB493534A (en) * 1936-01-02 1938-10-10 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to electric discharge devices
US2290086A (en) * 1939-08-22 1942-07-14 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Anode lead for high voltage rectifiers
US2301980A (en) * 1939-07-06 1942-11-17 Steenbeck Max Metallic-vapor discharge device
US2320685A (en) * 1940-01-22 1943-06-01 Bertele Hans Von Vapor electric device
US2360701A (en) * 1943-06-18 1944-10-17 Cinch Mfg Corp Electrical terminal connector

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1231587A (en) * 1915-08-09 1917-07-03 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Shielding system for vapor-converters.
US1908949A (en) * 1930-05-26 1933-05-16 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Electric rectifier control grid
GB493534A (en) * 1936-01-02 1938-10-10 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to electric discharge devices
US2301980A (en) * 1939-07-06 1942-11-17 Steenbeck Max Metallic-vapor discharge device
US2290086A (en) * 1939-08-22 1942-07-14 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Anode lead for high voltage rectifiers
US2320685A (en) * 1940-01-22 1943-06-01 Bertele Hans Von Vapor electric device
US2360701A (en) * 1943-06-18 1944-10-17 Cinch Mfg Corp Electrical terminal connector

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2926278A (en) * 1950-07-15 1960-02-23 Asea Ab Arrangement in anode tubes for high voltage ionic valves
US2801357A (en) * 1951-05-12 1957-07-30 Asea Ab Anode tube for high voltage ionic valves
US2857542A (en) * 1953-07-01 1958-10-21 Charles E Curtis Anode structure for gas tubes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE895634C (de) 1953-11-05
CH241292A (de) 1946-02-28
CH246379A (de) 1946-12-31
FR903622A (fr) 1945-10-10
GB586588A (en) 1947-03-24
NL75741C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH246548A (de) 1947-01-15
BE453005A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB586574A (en) 1947-03-24

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