US2428699A

US2428699A - Drafting instrument

Info

Publication number: US2428699A
Application number: US557108A
Authority: US
Inventors: Howard F Ebert; Adolf W Keuffel
Original assignee: Keuffel and Esser Co
Current assignee: Keuffel and Esser Co
Priority date: 1944-10-04
Filing date: 1944-10-04
Publication date: 1947-10-07
Anticipated expiration: 1964-10-07

Description

Oct. 7, 1947. E'BERfETAL 2,428,699

DRAFTING INS TRUMENT Filed Oct. 4, 1944 INVENTORS aw 5&5??- /bmFM/Esvfl a .15 UEZLZY Patented Oct. 7, 1947 DRAFTING INSTRUMENT Howard F. Ebert, Omaha, Nebn, and Adolf W. Keuffel, Essex Fells, N. J., assignors to Keuffel & Esser Company, Hoboken, N. J a corporation of New Jersey Application October 4, 1944, Serial No. 557,108

9 Claims.

This invention relates to drafting instruments and more particularly to instruments for drawing spaced parallel lines such as cross-section lines sometimes also called cross-hatching.

Nearly all mechanical drawings of parts or assemblies include cross-section views to clarify intricate structures and particularly to show the relationship of various parts in assemblies. Parts which are shown in section are section lined or cross hatched by drawing a series of lines usually at 45 to the right or to the left of the base line of the drawing. By means of various combinations of full lines,broken lines, light and heavy lines, it is possible to indicate the type of material which is shown in sectional View according to standards adopted by the various engineering societies,

Cross section lining will enhance the appearance of the drawin only if like lines are of uniform weight and uniformly spaced over the entire drawing. To accomplish this effect without mechanical means requires constant care and attention on the part of the draftsman and con sumes a large part of the draftsmans time.

The object of the present invention is to provide a drafting instrument which will enable the draftsman to make uniformly spaced lines rapidly and with a minimum amount of concentration on the draftsmans part.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a drafting instrument for section lining consisting of a minimum number of parts so that the instrument can not get out of working order yet will give a plurality of predetermined spacings as may be required by the draftsman.

A further object of the invention is to provide a drafting instrument for section lining in the form of a standard drafting instrument which nearly every draftsman requires as part of his regular tools.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a drafting instrument for section lining which can be used in any position on a drawing and does not require the insertion of thumb tacks or fastening devices through the face of the drawing.

Another object of this invention is to provide a drafting instrument for section linin which is inexpensive to manufacture so that its cost will not be appreciably more than the standard instrument which the draitsman always requires.

It is a particular object of this invention to provide in a drafting instrument for drawing spaced parallel lines, a body with a ruling edge, an aperture in said body with at least two spaced apart elements, means oscillatably mounted in said aperture having a plurality of pairs of cooperating elements in similar relative positions but at different distances apart coacting with said spaced apart elements of said aperture so that a different maximum relative movement is obtained for each of a plurality of positions of orientation of the oscillatable means within said aperture,

Still another object of the invention is to provide in a drafting instrument for drawing spaced parallel lines, a body with a ruling edge, an aperture in said body with at least two spaced apart elements, and a pair of substantially parallel guiding walls, grooved projections on said parallel walls, means oscillatably mounted in said aperture having a plurality of pairs of cooperating elements in similar relative positions but at different distances apart and havin a pair of substantially parallel edges, ridges on said parallel edges to form a snap fit with said grooved projections, the said elements of said oscillatable means and said elements of said aperture coacting so that a different maximum relative movement is obtained for each of a plurality of positions of orientation of the oscillatable means within said aperture.

These and other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description read in'connection with the drawings in which Fig. 1 is aview in plan showing a 45 triangle embodying the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a portion of Fig, 1 in section along the line 22 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig.3 is a fragmentaryview in plant of a portion of Fig. 1 with a part removed to show details of construction; and,

Fig. 4 is a view in plan of one of the parts shown in Fig. 1.

This invention for a drafting instrument to draw spaced parallel lines is adaptable to many types of drafting instruments of any desired shape although it is most conveniently applied to one of the draftsmans regular tools such as a triangle. Accordingly, the invention is illustrated in an embodiment as applied to the draftsmans conventional 45 triangle which as is well known can be made of transparent sheet plastic such as Celluloid, Vinylite, Lucite or opaque materials such as wood, metal, etc. The conventional triangle 2 illustrated in 1 has the usual exterior ruling edges 3, 5 and l and may be made in any conyenient dimensions such as 6 inches or 8 inches 3 along the base I or altitude 5. Within the body may be provided the usual triangular cut-out A which serves to lighten the weight of the instrument, to assist in its manufacture, to provide means for picking up the instrument from a smooth surface such as a drawing and to prevent warping or curling of the instrument. The triangular cut-out portion 4 is spaced slightly differently from that in the usual conventional triangle to provide room for another aperture 6 illustrated as generally rectangular in shape with the longer edges parallel to one side 'of the triangle such as the base 1.

The aperture 5 includes in the form illustrated in Fig. 1 Walls 8, ID, l2, l4 and I6 of which all except iii ar the walls of a rectangle and wall It] is a diagonal across one corner which may be considered as oblique to one side and one end. The two longer parallel sides 8 and M as illustrated in Fig. 3 are provided with projections l8 from these walls the details of which are shown in Fig. 2. A groove with walls 22 and bottom 24! is out substantially in the center of the projections is forming lips 28. The grooved projections 58 along a limited portion of the sides 8 and I l serve to retain shuttle 39 in aperture 6 by cooperation with ridges on the edges of shuttle 33. which is illustrated in greater detail in Fig. 4.

Referring again to Fig. 3 it will be noted that at one end of aperture 6 is a vertical wall [6 and at the opposite end a diagonal or oblique wall it.

to cooperate with the shuttle in a manner hereinafter described for permitting relative movement of a predetermined amount between the triangle I These two elements are spaced apart a' distance 7 tudinal ridges-8 (see Fig. 2) are formed by cut- 7 ting away portions of the side edges 32'and iii to provide walls and shoulders 53 of the ridges whichcooperate with the grooved projections l8 from the body and serve as retaining means for the shuttle 30. The shuttle 30 is thus oscillatably mounted in the triangle 2. V

Indicia

54, 56, 58 and 60 are provided on the shuttle indicating the spacing to be obtained when the shuttle is in particular positions by reference to an index arrow 62. Holes 64 or other means in the shuttle serve as finger grips for the spacing operation in the manner hereinafter described.

Referring to Fig. 4 the indicia 54 reads "t g which as will be seen from Fig. 1 is adjacent the index arrow 52. This indicia indicates that the relative movement permissible between the triangle proper 2 and the shuttle 3!) is a fixed di tanceequal to the horizontal distance between two 4K5 lines spaced inch apart. This permissible movement is due to the fact that the spacing between the spaced apart elements of the aperture 5, namely, thesidewall l5 and the oblique wall It, is greater by the predetermined amount than the corresponding distance between cooperating elements on the shuttle and particularly the distance fromfend edge M to the oblique edge 34 of the shuttle. These relative dimensions aresuch that the perpendicular dis- I in the art.

engage the oblique or diagonal wall it of the 1 triangle.

In order to permit drawing parallel lines along the hypothenuse 3 with a perpendicular spacing of a"? of an inch. the shuttle is removed from the triangle by snapping it out of the aperture as can be readily done because of the flexibility of the triangle and particularly the web portion between the triangular aperture 4 and the shuttle aperture 6. When the shuttle has been removed from the aperture, it is rotated about an axis perpendicular ,to the plane of the shuttle and then reinserted in the aperture 6. When thus reoriented and reinserted, the indicia 58 reading 3% will be adjacent the index arrow 62. The edge 36 of the shuttle will be against the wall 5 of the aperture and the oblique edge 42 of the shuttle 30 will be parallel with the oblique wall it of the aperture. Because of the relative dimensions between the end, edge 36 and oblique edge 42 of the shuttle 38 with respect to the corresponding dimension between the wall I6 and the wall [0 of the aperture 6, the relative movement in inches of the shuttle with respect to the triangle will be a distance equal to of an inch times the secant of 45..

If another of the possible line spacings is de sired such as -6 of an inch, the shuttle is snapped out of the aperture and turned over then put in such a position that the indicia 56 e isadjacent the index arrow-62 and then the shuttle as now oriented is snapped into place. If line spacing of of an inch is desired, the indicia 60 is by similar operation placed opposite the indexarrow 62.

It will be evident that any desired number of a l n s n may e sec ed, w h s ombination by varying'the position and characteristics of the several elements involved. Instead of employing a diagonal wall It} andan oblique; edge 3.4 in cooperation with; a walland edge [6 and .44, respectively, the diagonal edge l0 might, for

example, be stepped and suitable cooperating stepped members provided at each or the corners of the shuttle. Other modifications of this gen: eral arrangement will be evident to those skilled The shuttle as illustrated in Fig. 1 is transparent but it will be clear that this as well asnthe triangle may be'made from an opaque-material in which case the indicia for each position of the shuttle and the index arrow can be stamped on both sides of the shuttle and triangle'respect ive-i ly. While in the preferred embodiment the ,shut-. tle 30 and aperture 6 are provided withcooperate ing members to retain the shuttle in position, the

advantages of this construction may be dispensed with without sacrificing other advantages of the shuttle arrangement. a 7

In pe a t e aitsm pla e he de ice with one edge such as the base .1 against a suits. able straightedge. By placing the thumb firmly on the shuttle it is'held in position against the. drawing; the other fingersor the left handmay. then be used to move the triangle proper so that th oblique wall 10 of the aperture 6 engages "the edge 34 of the shuttle. While in thi position the draftsman would draw a line with a pencil or ruling pen held in his right hand along an edge of the triangle such as the h'ypothenuse 3. To draw a second line at the preselected distance from the first, the draftsman presses against the triangle with his fingers and with his thumb moves the shuttle to the left as viewed in Fig. 1 so that the edge 44 of the shuttle engages the wall I6 of the triangle, then holding the shuttle in position against the drawing, the triangle is moved with the fingers until the oblique wall Ill of the aperture 6 engages the edge 34 of the shuttle 30. The second line properlyspaced from the first line may now be drawn along the edge 3 of the triangle and the operation repeated as many times as is necessary to provide the desired number of spaced parallel lines.

It will thus be seen that this invention provides a drafting instrument for readily drawing spaced parallel lines with any of a plurality of desired spacings.

We claim:

1. In a drafting instrument for drawing spaced parallel lines, a body with a ruling edge, an aperture in said body with at least two spaced apart elements, means which may be oriented with respect to said spaced apart elements oscillatably mounted in said aperture having a plurality of pairs of cooperating elements in similar relative positions but at different distances apart coacting with said spaced apart elements of said aperture so that a different maximum relative movement is obtained for each of a plurality of positions of orientation of the oscillatable means within said aperture.

2. In a drafting instrument for drawing spaced parallel lines, a body with a ruling edge, an aperture in said body with at least two spaced apart elements, means which may be oriented with respect to said spaced apart elements oscillatably mounted in said aperture having a plurality of pairs of cooperating elements in similar relative positions but at different distances apart coacting with said spaced apart elements of said aperture so that a different maximum relative movement is obtained for each of a plurality of positions for orientation of the oscillatable means within said aperture and means to retain said oscillatably mounted means within said aperture.

3. In a drafting instrument for drawing spaced parallel lines, a sheet like body, a pentagonal aperture in said body, four walls of said aperture forming parts of a, rectangle with a fifth wall at an oblique angle, an octagonal unitary shuttle oscillatably mounted in said aperture, four edges of said shuttle substantially parallel to the four right angle walls of said aperture, the other four edges of said shuttle in oblique positions each differently spaced with respect to the corresponding parallel edges to coact with the oblique wall of said aperture to limit the maximum relative lateral movement between said shuttle and said body, a different maximum relative movement being obtained when each of the oblique edges of said shuttle is an juxtaposition with the 0blique wall of said aperture.

4. In a drafting instrument for drawing spaced parallel lines, a body with a ruling edge, an aperture in said body with at least two spaced apart elements, and a pair of substantially parallel guiding walls, means which may be oriented with respect to said spaced apart elements oscillatably mounted in said aperturehaving a plurality of pairs of cooperating elements in similar rela-.- tive positions but at different distances apart and having a pair of substantially parallel edges to guide the oscillatable means within the aperture, said cooperating elements on said oscillatably mounted means coacting with said spaced apart elements of said aperture so that a different maximum relative movement is obtained for each of a plurality of positions of orientation of the oscillatable means within said aperture.

5. In a drafting instrument for drawing spaced parallel lines, a body with a ruling edge, an aperture in said body with at least two spaced apart elements, means which may be oriented with respect to said spaced apart elements oscillatably mounted in said aperture having a plurality of pairs of cooperating elements in similar relative positions but at different distance apart, cooperating grooves and ridges on walls of said aperture and edges of said oscillatable means to form a snap fit, the said elements of said oscillatable means and said elements of said aperture coacting so that a different maximum relative movement is obtained for each of a plurality of positions of orientation of the oscillatable means within said aperture.

6. In a drafting instrument for drawing spaced parallel lines, a body with a rulin edge, an aperture in said body with at least two spaced apart elements, and a pair of substantially parallel guiding walls, grooved projections on said parallel walls, means which may be oriented with respect to said spaced apart elements oscillatably mounted in said aperture having a plurality of pairs of cooperating elements in similar relative positions but at different distances apart and having a pair of substantially parallel edges, ridges on said parallel edges to form a snap fit with said grooved projections, the said elements of said oscillatable means and said elements of said aperture coacting so that a different maximum relative movement is obtained for each of a plurality of positions of orientation of the oscillatable means within said aperture.

'7. In a drafting instrument for drawing spaced parallel lines, a body with a ruling edge, an aperture in said body with at least two spaced apart elements, one of said elements being an oblique wall, means which may be oriented with respect to said spaced apart elements oscillatably mountedin said aperture having a plurality of pairs of cooperating elements in similar relative positions but at different distances apart, one of each of said pairs being an oblique edge, said elements of said oscillatable means and said elements of said aperture coacting so that a different maximum relative movement is obtained for each of a plurality of positions of orientation of the oscillatable means within said aperture.

8. In a drafting instrument for drawing spaced parallel lines, a body, an aperture in said body with at least two spaced apart elements and having a pair of substantially parallel walls, a second aperture in said body having at least one wall substantially parallel to one of the said parallel walls of the first said aperture to form a flexible Web between the two apertures, means which may be oriented with respect to said spaced apart elements oscillatably mounted in first said aperture having a pair of substantially parallel edges and a plurality of pairs of cooperating elements in. similar relative positions but at different dis tances apart, cooperating grooves and ridges on walls of first said aperture and on edges of said oscillatable means to form a snap lit, the said elements of said oscillatable means and said ele ments. of said aperture coa'ctingso that; a. different maximum relative movement is obtained for each of a plurality of positions of orientation of the oscillatable means within said aperture.

9-. In a drafting instrument for drawing spaced parallel lines,' a body in the form of a715 triangle, an aperture in saidbody with at least two spaced apart elements and having a-pair of substantially parallel Walls substantially parallel to one of the edges of said triangle, arsecond aper-- ture in said. body having at least one Wall substantially parallel to said parallel Walls of the first said aperture to form a flexible Webbetween the two apertures, means Which may be oriented with respect to said spaced apart elements oscillatably mounted 111 13118 first said aperture having a pair of substantially parallel edges and a plurality of pairs of cooperating elements in similar relative positions but at difierent distances apart,

REFERENCES CITED-1 I The following references are of record in the file of this patent: V V UNITED STATES PATENTS Date.

Number Name 951,719 Baum Mar.-8, 1910: 1,262,971

Olson Apr. 16 1918