US2426185A - Translation of microwaves - Google Patents

Translation of microwaves Download PDF

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Publication number
US2426185A
US2426185A US412559A US41255941A US2426185A US 2426185 A US2426185 A US 2426185A US 412559 A US412559 A US 412559A US 41255941 A US41255941 A US 41255941A US 2426185 A US2426185 A US 2426185A
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United States
Prior art keywords
line
loop
impedance
output
wave
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Expired - Lifetime
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US412559A
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English (en)
Inventor
William H Doherty
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AT&T Corp
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Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to CA450478A priority Critical patent/CA450478A/fr
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US412559A priority patent/US2426185A/en
Priority to GB1817/44A priority patent/GB592402A/en
Priority to FR938430D priority patent/FR938430A/fr
Priority to NL128742A priority patent/NL66227C/xx
Priority to BE469438D priority patent/BE469438A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2426185A publication Critical patent/US2426185A/en
Priority to DEP28895A priority patent/DE831418C/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/10—Auxiliary devices for switching or interrupting
    • H01P1/14—Auxiliary devices for switching or interrupting by electric discharge devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J19/00—Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
    • H01J19/78—One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the tube
    • H01J19/80—Structurally associated resonator having distributed inductance and capacitance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/18—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising distributed inductance and capacitance
    • H03B5/1817—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising distributed inductance and capacitance the frequency-determining element being a cavity resonator
    • H03B5/1835—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising distributed inductance and capacitance the frequency-determining element being a cavity resonator the active element in the amplifier being a vacuum tube
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/08—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements
    • H03F1/14—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements by use of neutralising means
    • H03F1/16—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements by use of neutralising means in discharge-tube amplifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/50—Amplifiers in which input is applied to, or output is derived from, an impedance common to input and output circuits of the amplifying element, e.g. cathode follower
    • H03F3/52—Amplifiers in which input is applied to, or output is derived from, an impedance common to input and output circuits of the amplifying element, e.g. cathode follower with tubes only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/54—Amplifiers using transit-time effect in tubes or semiconductor devices

Definitions

  • Objects of the invention include the neutralization of degenerative feedback in a grounded-grid amplifier, reduction of the effects of active input loss and loss due to electronic grid current in such amplifiers, neutralization of interelectrode impedances where these impedances are not directly accessible, and the elimination or reduction of end effects. Still another object is to reduce the effect on an amplifier of variations in the impedance of the connected load.
  • an amplifying space discharge device is incorporated in a looped transmission line of shielded type with input and output connections to the loop at points thereof critically related to the operating wave-length.
  • a feedback connection is established between a point in the output circuit of the device the potential of which is in phase quadrature with the anode current of the device and a point in the input circuit of the device, the electrical length of the feedback connection being such that the feedback is of positive sign.
  • Fig. 1 shows in circuit schematic a groundedgrid amplifier in accordance with the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows structural details and additional features thereof
  • Fig 3 illustrates the cascading of amplifier sections such as shown in Fig. 2;
  • Figs, 4 and 5 illustrate, respectively, an oscillator and a frequency converter incorporating certain features of the invention.
  • Fig. l there 2 is represented schematically the high frequency circuits of a microwave amplifier comprising a three-electrode amplifying space discharge device l, together With the source 2 of waves to be amplified and the useful load 3 connected to the output of the amplier.
  • the input circuit 4 of the amplifier is connected on the one side to ,cathode 5 of the discharge device and on the other to grid 6, which is grounded.
  • the output circuit 8 is connected similarly to grid 6 and anode l.
  • One attribute of a grounded-grid ⁇ amplifier such as this is the favorable distribution of the interelectrode impedances, for the comparatively large grid-anode capacitance is eliminated as a source of feedback, provided the reactance of the grid lead is negligible, and the cathode-anode impedance, which is in a position to produce feedback, is small inasmuch as the cathode is shielded by the interposed grid.
  • a fourterminal network l0 that is adapted to introduce a Sli-degree phase shift in the currents traversing it, this phase shift obtaining throughout the frequency range of interest.
  • Another SiO-degree phase shifter Il is connected between'the output of phase shifter Ill and the input electrodes of amplifying device I.
  • device-lll may introduce a positive phase shift and device Il a negative phase 3 shift, whereby the total phase shift in the feedback is zero.
  • the Surge impedance of network I be represented by Z1 and the alternating anode current by Ip
  • the alternating voltage E1 at the output of network ID is This is a fundamental relation which holds for QO-degree phase shifting elements entirely irrespective of the magnitude or the phase angle of the impedance of the load or other terminating impedances.
  • the surge impedance of network I I be represented by Z2
  • the current Ifb that flows back to the cathode is This relation again is a fundamental one and holds regardless of any voltage that may be present at the cathode or any impedance that may be connected between cathode and ground.
  • Fig. 2 use is made of sections of shielded transmission line for the phase shifting elements and for the connecting circuits.
  • the amplifying discharge device is itself incorporated within a shielded line whereby the entire amplier is completely shielded and constituted by an enclosed transmission loop.
  • the coaxial type of shielded line is especially well adapted for the purposes of the present invention, and line sections of this type are employed in the Fig. 2 structure.
  • a closed transmission loop is formed by coaxial conductor line sections 20, 2
  • the input circuit of the amplifier comprises a coaxial conductor line 4 which is connected to the loop at the junction of sections 2I and 22, and the output circuit comprises a coaxial conductor line 9 which is connected to the loop at the junction of sections 2B and 2
  • the grounded-grid amplifying space discharge device I At the third junction point is the grounded-grid amplifying space discharge device I. The latter is disposed wholly within the outer of the coaxial conductors constituting the transmission loop and with the grid 8 arranged as a septum or barrier across the interior of that outer conductor.
  • the thermionic cathode and anode 'I are disposed on opposite sides of the grid septum symmetrically within the outer conductor and each is connected to, and may constitute virtually a continuation of, the inner conductor of the looped coaxial pair.
  • Gas-tight seals 23 of glass or the like cooperate with the outer conductor to form an envelope or chamber enclosing the several electrodes. Discharge devices of this general character are known in the art and no restriction of the invention is intended by the foregoing description of a typical form.
  • Coaxial line section 2B which is interposed between the output of the amplifying device and output circuit 9 in the relative position of phase shifting network I0 of Fig. 1, has a length that is approximately a quarter of the wave-length of the Waves to be amplified, or an odd multiple thereof, and more particularly such length that the phase of the amplified waves delivered to output circuit 9 is in quadrature With the waves appearing at anode l.
  • section 20 is one quarter wave-length long and thereby operates as a positive S-degree phase shifter.
  • Line sections 2I and 22 combined have a total electrical length such that the wave power fed back to the input of the amplifying device through the transmission loop is in regenerative or positive feedback phase relation.
  • the electrical length of the transmission loop is equivalent to an integral number of wave-lengths at the operating frequency.
  • advantages are to be secured by making section 22 a half wave-length long, or a multiple thereof, and section 2
  • section 2l is a quarter wavelength and section 22 a half Wave-length, as illustrated.
  • the Fig. 2 system may be considered as comprising two S20-degree positive phase shifters 2i] and 2l of equal surge impedance disposed in circuit in the manner of the respective networks It and II of Fig. 1, with a half Wavelength line constituting a perfect phase-reversing transformer of unity impedance ratio interposed between the input terminals of the amplifying device and the point of connection of the feedback circuit thereto.
  • the impedance into which the amplfying device works is a function of the impedance presented by the output circuit at its junction with the transmission loop and of the characteristic impedance of the line sections comprising the loop, hence one or both of these factors may be adjusted for maximum power output or impedance matching.
  • the impedance presented to the output of the amplifying device is 1100 ohms.
  • Fig. 2 system as above-described, and other features thereof hereinafter to be described, involve utilization of a peculiar property of halfwave lines, viz., the fact that the current at one end of a uniform lossless half-wave line is exactly equal in magnitude and opposite in phase to the current at the other end, regardless of the manner in which the ends of the line are terminated and regardless of any shunt impedance that may be connected at its mid-point.
  • the shunt irnpedance presented by the load at the mid-point of the half-wave line comprising sections 2! and 2! has no effect on the performance of the two sections as a perfect phase-reversing current transformer of unity impedance ratio; just as,
  • Interelectrode admittances in the amplifying device may be so substantial in some cases as to have a deleterious effect on the performance of the amplifier.
  • the admittance of the capacity between anode l and grid 5 or ground be comparable with the admittance into which the'amplifying device works, the current supplied to section 20 ⁇ will not be indentical with the anode current that affects the input.
  • a lumped capacitance 24 is inserted in series in the transmission loop at the junction of output line S.
  • the series impedance Z3 of this capacitance appears at anode 'l as a shunt impedance Z12/Z3, where Z1 is the surge impedance of the intervening quarter-wave line section.
  • the apparent shunt impedance is inductive and may be adjusted to gain or antiresonate with the capacitive anode-grid impedance.
  • Stray capacitance between cathode 5 and grid 6 or ground results in a finite, xed input susceptance at the cathode and also at the junction of input line f3. This could be compensated in the same manner, that is, by inserting a series capacitance a quarter wave-length from the cathode.
  • a shunt inductance at the half-wave point is provided for this purpose, the inductance comprising a short, inductive coaxial line stub or branch 25 at the junction of input line 4.
  • the stub line 25 is advantageously arranged as an extension of the input line, as shown.
  • Fig. 2 In view of the fact that the amplifier is completely shielded so that access to the Vinput and output electrodes for cathode heating, etc. cannot readily be had, special provision is made in Fig. 2 as follows. Associated with therrnionic cathode 5 and disposed within the hollow inner conductor of coaxial line section 22 is a cathode heater 30. Current supply leads 3
  • the short circuiting means comprises a metallic reiiector or piston 32 which rides on a metallic sleeve 33 that is separated from the inner conductor by an insulating sleeve 34.
  • Resistor 36 connected across the short-circuited end of stub 25 is traversed by the steady component of anode current and the resultant voltage drop across it provides the desired grid biasing Voltage.
  • .Anode current is supplied from a battery or other suitable source that is connected through a coaxial line 39 to the inner and outer conductors of the transmission loop at the output junction. At the latter point the radio frequency potential is much lower than at the anode.
  • Condenser 24 may be designed to serve as a blocking condenser adapted to conne the high anode battery voltage to line section 20.
  • Line 39 is terminated by a reflecting piston or barrier 4
  • and 22 by virtue of resistor 36 may be prevented from reaching subsequent circuits by means of a blocking condenser 42 interposed in the inner conductor of output line 9.
  • the condenser may be constructed, as illustrated, by breaking the inner conductor and inserting a sleeve of dielectric material between the inner face of one of the conductor portions and the outer face of a metallic extension, of reduced diameter, of the other portion.
  • the effects of active input loss and electronic grid current on the input of the amplifying device may be reduced by supplementary positive feedback, that is, by over-compensating for the inherent negative feedback.
  • may be reduced relative to that of section 20 thereby increasing the current fed back, as indicated by Expression 3, without impairing other properties of the system, or with the same effect the quarter-wave portion of section 22 that is adjacent the cathode may be so reduced in impedance. This may be done by using a larger inner conductor, for example, in that portion.
  • Fig. 2 amplifier structure readily lends itself to concatenation of amplier stages, as will appear from Fig. 3.
  • Each of the stages, yl5 and 46 may be of the Fig. 2 form, with the output line 9 of the one stage continuing as the input line 4 of the next stage.
  • Compact mechanical arrangements of the multistage amplifier are readily obtained inasmuch as the shape of the transmission loops and the configuration of the interstage line may be varied as desired.
  • Fig. 4 shows in simplified form an oscillator in accordance with this phase of the present invention.
  • the construction is or may be much the same as that shown in Fig. 2 except for the omission of the input circuit 4.
  • is reduced, by making the inner conductor of that section of larger diameter, to increase the positive feedback to the oscillation point.
  • the frequency of oscillation is determined approximately by the total electrical length around the loop.
  • a principal feature is the use of a single glass seal 5
  • the Fig. 2 structure is adapted also for use as a frequency converter or modulator, utilizing nonlinear distortion in the space discharge device.
  • the output line 9 is omitted and the desired modulation products are taken olf through the quarter wave-length line 39.
  • the waves to be intermodulated such as a radio signal sideband and locally generated beating oscillations, are supplied together over the input line 4.
  • Various modulation products are generated, by virtue of non-linearity in the characteristics of the discharge device, and the desired products, such as the difference freuqencies or original audio frequency signal, are selected from line 39.
  • the selection may be accomplished by means of barrier 4
  • An amplifying space discharge device a shielded transmission line enclosing said discharge device and connected to form a loop for the loop transmission of waves of predetermined frequency, and a Wave output circuit connected to said loop.
  • An amplifying space discharge device a shielded transmission line enclosing said discharge device and connected to form a loop for the loop transmission of waves of predetermined frequency, and a wave output circuit connected to said loop at a point thereof that is spaced from the output of said discharge device a quarter wave-length or odd multiple thereof.
  • An amplifying space discharge device a shielded transmission line enclosing said discharge device and connected to form a loop for the loop transmission of waves of predetermined frequency, and a vvave output circuit connected to said loop, said discharge device comprising an electrode shaped and disposed as a septum across the interior of said shielded line.
  • An amplifying space discharge device for electric Waves a multi-conductor line comprising a shielding conductor that encloses said discharge device, said line being looped from the output of said device to the input thereof and having such electrical length as to provide positive feedback, and a load connection to said looped line spaced from the output of said device a distance equivalent to an odd multiple of 90 electrical degrees at the frequency of said vvaves.
  • An amplifying space discharge device for electric waves a multiconductor line comprising a shielding conductor that encloses said discharge device, said line being looped from the output of said device to the input thereof and having such electrical length as to provide positive feedback, a load connection to said looped line spaced from the output of said device a distance equivalent to an odd multiple of 90 electrical degrees at the frequency of said waves, and an input connection to said looped line spaced from said output connection a distance equivalent to an integral multiple of 180 electrical degrees at the frequency of said Waves.
  • a grounded grid amplifier adapted for the amplification of ultra-high frequency Waves, said amplifier being subject to the effects of inherent negative feedback, a positive feedback loop including said amplifier and a pair of tandem quarter wave-length lines, and a load connected to the junction of said quarter Wave-length lines.
  • a phase reversing transformer for electric waves comprising a transmission line having an electrical length of degrees or multiple thereof at the frequency of the Waves being transmitted, and a circuit of variable impedance connected in wave transfer relation with said line, said circuit being connected to said line at a point thereof such that the phase reversing effect of said line is independent of variations in said impedance.
  • a multielectrode space discharge device having input and output lines connected thereto, and means for neutralizing interelectrode coupling comprising a reactor connected to one of said lines at a distance from said device of a quarter wave-length or multiple thereof.
  • a shielded transmission line constituting a closed Wave transmission loop adapted for the loop transmission of waves of predetermined frequency
  • Wave translating means localized in said loop and comprising a space discharge device disposed within said line, and an output circuit connected to said loop.
  • a shielded transmission line constituting a closed wave transmission loop adapted for the loop transmission of waves of predetermined frequency
  • Wave translating means localized in said loop and comprising a space discharge device disposed Within said line, said discharge device being adapted to intermodulate Waves applied to it, means for introducing waves of different frequencies into said loop, and output circuit means connected to said loop for selectively diverting desired modulation products.
  • a shielded transmission line constituting a closed wave transmission loop adapted for the loop transmission of Waves of predetermined frequency
  • a grounded grid amplifier comprising a space discharge device having an electrode shaped and disposed as a septum across the interior of said shielded line, and wave input and output circuits connected to said loop.
  • a shielded transmission line constituting a closed wave transmission loop adapted for the loop transmission of Waves of predetermined frequency
  • a grounded grid amplifier comprising a space discharge device having an electrode shaped and disposed as a septum across the interior of said shielded line, and Wave input and output circuits connected to said loop, said loop having such electrical length as to provide positive feedback for said amplifier.
  • a coaxial conductor transmission line constituting a closed wave transmission loop adapted for the loop transmission of Waves of predetermined frequency
  • a grounded grid amplifier comprising a space discharge device having a grounded grid electrode shaped and disposed as a septum across the interior of said line, an input circuit and a load connected at respective points to said loop, said loop having such electrical length as to provide positive feedback for said amplier, said amplifier being subject to inherent negative feedback that is a function of the impedance of said load, and said load being connected to said loop at such point that said negative feedback is neutralized by positive feedback irrespective of the impedance of said load.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
US412559A 1941-09-27 1941-09-27 Translation of microwaves Expired - Lifetime US2426185A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA450478A CA450478A (fr) 1941-09-27 Translation de micro-ondes
US412559A US2426185A (en) 1941-09-27 1941-09-27 Translation of microwaves
GB1817/44A GB592402A (en) 1941-09-27 1944-01-31 Improvements in apparatus for amplifying, generating, or changing the frequency of electric oscillations of ultra-high frequency
FR938430D FR938430A (fr) 1941-09-27 1946-09-28 Dispositif de transmission des ondes électromagnétiques à ultra haute fréquence
NL128742A NL66227C (fr) 1941-09-27 1946-11-13
BE469438D BE469438A (fr) 1941-09-27 1946-11-26
DEP28895A DE831418C (de) 1941-09-27 1948-12-31 Anordnung zur Verstaerkung, Erzeugung und Modulation oder Demodulation von elektromagnetischen Wellen ultrahoher Frequenzen

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA450478T
US412559A US2426185A (en) 1941-09-27 1941-09-27 Translation of microwaves

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US2426185A true US2426185A (en) 1947-08-26

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US412559A Expired - Lifetime US2426185A (en) 1941-09-27 1941-09-27 Translation of microwaves

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US (1) US2426185A (fr)
BE (1) BE469438A (fr)
CA (1) CA450478A (fr)
DE (1) DE831418C (fr)
FR (1) FR938430A (fr)
GB (1) GB592402A (fr)
NL (1) NL66227C (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2523307A (en) * 1944-10-28 1950-09-26 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Feedback coupling circuit
US2524821A (en) * 1943-12-28 1950-10-10 Int Standard Electric Corp Wide frequency band amplifier
US2615998A (en) * 1948-01-31 1952-10-28 Fed Telephone & Radio Corp Multistage cascade amplifier
US2775660A (en) * 1953-12-02 1956-12-25 Standard Electronics Corp Filament lead-in and impedance matching structure for a grounded grid amplifier
US2790857A (en) * 1954-04-01 1957-04-30 Rca Corp Output or input circuits for vacuum tubes
US2794150A (en) * 1954-01-18 1957-05-28 Patelhold Patentverwertung Tuning arrangement for single circuit magnetron
US2896075A (en) * 1955-05-12 1959-07-21 Sylvania Electric Prod Branched coaxial waveguide structure utilizing fine resistive wire coupling
DE1063656B (de) * 1958-03-28 1959-08-20 Telefunken Gmbh Brueckenschaltung zur Entkopplung der Oszillatorstoerspannung bei Gitterbasis-Vorstufen, bei denen der anodenseitige Schwingkreis als Topfkreis aus der Reihenschaltung der Gitter-Anoden-Kapazitaet, einer Abstimminduktivitaet und einer Abstimmkapazitaet gebildet ist
EP2053738A1 (fr) * 2007-10-25 2009-04-29 Alcatel Lucent Amplificateur avec bande de fréquence réglable

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE951641C (de) * 1954-12-21 1956-10-31 Sachsenwerk Radeberg Veb Eingangsschaltung fuer Dezimeterverstaerker, insbesondere fuer Leistungsstufen mit koaxialer Eingangsschaltung

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2153728A (en) * 1936-10-07 1939-04-11 American Telephone & Telegraph Ultra high frequency signaling
US2247218A (en) * 1938-04-28 1941-06-24 Rca Corp Neutralizing circuits employing resonant lines
US2247216A (en) * 1938-04-27 1941-06-24 Rca Corp Resonant line control oscillation generator

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2153728A (en) * 1936-10-07 1939-04-11 American Telephone & Telegraph Ultra high frequency signaling
US2247216A (en) * 1938-04-27 1941-06-24 Rca Corp Resonant line control oscillation generator
US2247218A (en) * 1938-04-28 1941-06-24 Rca Corp Neutralizing circuits employing resonant lines

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2524821A (en) * 1943-12-28 1950-10-10 Int Standard Electric Corp Wide frequency band amplifier
US2523307A (en) * 1944-10-28 1950-09-26 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Feedback coupling circuit
US2615998A (en) * 1948-01-31 1952-10-28 Fed Telephone & Radio Corp Multistage cascade amplifier
US2775660A (en) * 1953-12-02 1956-12-25 Standard Electronics Corp Filament lead-in and impedance matching structure for a grounded grid amplifier
US2794150A (en) * 1954-01-18 1957-05-28 Patelhold Patentverwertung Tuning arrangement for single circuit magnetron
US2790857A (en) * 1954-04-01 1957-04-30 Rca Corp Output or input circuits for vacuum tubes
US2896075A (en) * 1955-05-12 1959-07-21 Sylvania Electric Prod Branched coaxial waveguide structure utilizing fine resistive wire coupling
DE1063656B (de) * 1958-03-28 1959-08-20 Telefunken Gmbh Brueckenschaltung zur Entkopplung der Oszillatorstoerspannung bei Gitterbasis-Vorstufen, bei denen der anodenseitige Schwingkreis als Topfkreis aus der Reihenschaltung der Gitter-Anoden-Kapazitaet, einer Abstimminduktivitaet und einer Abstimmkapazitaet gebildet ist
EP2053738A1 (fr) * 2007-10-25 2009-04-29 Alcatel Lucent Amplificateur avec bande de fréquence réglable

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE831418C (de) 1952-02-14
GB592402A (en) 1947-09-17
CA450478A (fr) 1948-08-10
FR938430A (fr) 1948-09-15
NL66227C (fr) 1950-03-15
BE469438A (fr) 1946-12-31

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