US2425684A - Breech bolt for firearms - Google Patents

Breech bolt for firearms Download PDF

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Publication number
US2425684A
US2425684A US521402A US52140244A US2425684A US 2425684 A US2425684 A US 2425684A US 521402 A US521402 A US 521402A US 52140244 A US52140244 A US 52140244A US 2425684 A US2425684 A US 2425684A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
bolt
race
lands
movement
firearms
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US521402A
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English (en)
Inventor
Patchett George William
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of US2425684A publication Critical patent/US2425684A/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/12—Bolt action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being parallel to the barrel axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A29/00—Cleaning or lubricating arrangements

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in connection with firearms and has more particular reference to breech blocks or bolts used in such arms, and finds particular use in automatic weapons, that fill a military necessity between the rifle and the pistol.
  • the breech block or bolt hereinafter referred to as the bolt
  • the bolt with its firing pin explodes the cartridge, provides the abutment for reaction of the exploded charge and in turn and under recoil moves rearward in the bolt race against resilient pressure to repeat or be latent to repeat the same operation again.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome these difficulties and to render the bolt selfclearing in its backward and forward movement and to provide a positive tendency to eject any adventitious lodgment.
  • the invention consists in the combination with a bolt as employed in firearms of the types set forth of raised bearing surfaces or lands formed upon the said bolt and adapted to engage upon their outer surfaces with the inner surface of said bolt race, said lands having pointed or like extremities formed to clear a gritless surface for subsequent continuous or other movement.
  • the said lands are arranged helically on the periphery of the bolt, and are provided with pointed or plough-shaped extremities, fore and aft.
  • the number of said bearing surfaces or their width may vary, and to prevent undue wear, and for other reasons more fully set out hereafter, the lands are formed as a helix upon the bolts longitudinal circumference, or right or left handed helical lands may be used so that any tendency for the bolt to have angular movement as with a ATENT oFFicE helical land of unidirectional pitch, may be avoided.
  • Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of a bolt and a bolt race, showing one form of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2-2 in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is an elevation of a bolt with two-start helical lands.
  • Fig. 4 is an end view of Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 5 is an elevation of a bolt with two-start reversed helical land.
  • Fig. 6 is an end view of Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 7 is an elevation of a bolt having four lands arranged helically so that their ends are in line or overlap the opposite end of the adjoining land.
  • Fig. 8 is an end view of Fig. 7.
  • the bolt i may be of any required pattern; it may be pertinent to rifles or to automatic arms.
  • the particular form shown is suitable for automatic weapons and is given by way of illustration only.
  • the raised bearing surfaces or lands 2 are formed or applied helically to the axis of the bolt I, and leave spaces 3 intermediate between the bolt body perimeter 4 and the bolt race or casing 5 (see Figs. 1 and 2).
  • the spaces 3 are made sufficiently large for unwanted intruding matter to have free movement, with opportunity, under disturbance, of escape through the slot 6 (see Fig. 1) of cocking lever I fixed to the bolt (see Fig. 2) or other opening communicating with the bolt race.
  • the extremities 8 of the said lands or raised portions may be curved from both sides as shown at 8 in Fig. '7, or be of coned appearance, or chisel shaped as shown at 82 in Figs. 3 and 5, to provide a contour for shearing and clearing, for instance, dried mud from the bolt race In.
  • Figs. 3 to 8 inclusive show the raised surfaces or lands helically cut on the bolt periphery. This arrangement provides for cylindrical wear of the bolt race, and equally assists in quickly conveying unwanted matter to the longitudinal opening 6. If helical lands of unidirectional pitch are employed as shown at 2 in Figs. 7 and 8 or at 22 in Figs. 3 and 4, the compression spring l2 may be wound to resist any tendency of the bolt to turn about its axis or press the cooking lever 1 upon the upper or lower edge of the slot 6. Should in some arms this prove diificult, then two-start right and left handed helical lands 2b (Fig. may be formed upon the bolt periphery, gaps I I, (Fig. 5) being cut at the crossings for matter otherwise wedged in to escape.
  • a firearm comprising, in combination, a bolt race having a longitudinally continuous interior surface and a longitudinal slot in a side and open to the exterior thereof, and a breech bolt reciprocable longitudinally in said race and having a cooking handle connected thereto and extending through said slot to the exterior of the race, the breech bolt having lands extending helically on and projecting from its periphery and providing peripheral bearing surfaces which slidably engage the interior surface of the bolt race to support the breech bolt therein and clear foreign matter from said surface, said lands providing a space between them to receive foreign matter cleared from said interior surface and communicating with said slot in the bolt race for conveyance of such foreign matter thereto.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Vehicle Cleaning, Maintenance, Repair, Refitting, And Outriggers (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
US521402A 1943-10-25 1944-02-07 Breech bolt for firearms Expired - Lifetime US2425684A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB17564/43A GB579660A (en) 1943-10-25 1943-10-25 Improvements in and relating to automatic small arms such as machine carbines

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2425684A true US2425684A (en) 1947-08-12

Family

ID=10097395

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US521402A Expired - Lifetime US2425684A (en) 1943-10-25 1944-02-07 Breech bolt for firearms

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2425684A (en, 2012)
BE (1) BE463036A (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR921899A (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB579660A (en, 2012)
NL (1) NL78379C (en, 2012)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2458647A (en) * 1946-08-15 1949-01-11 Frederick W Sampson Cocking bolt of machine guns
US2606382A (en) * 1948-11-29 1952-08-12 Wilbur A Schaich Two-piece firearm bolt
US2611204A (en) * 1947-11-28 1952-09-23 Marlin Firearms Co Receiver and action assembly for firearms
US2816484A (en) * 1951-08-27 1957-12-17 Richard R Grages Automatic firearm of the blow back type
DE1034071B (de) * 1954-06-16 1958-07-10 Gevarm Sa Beweglicher Verschluss mit Zusatzmasse fuer selbsttaetige Karabiner oder andere Waffen
US3363351A (en) * 1967-03-30 1968-01-16 Melvin A. Smith Bolt assembly for firearm
US6209249B1 (en) 1999-03-17 2001-04-03 James F. Borden Bolt for firearm allowing for reduced clearance between bolt and bolt runway
US20170356704A1 (en) * 2012-05-01 2017-12-14 Edward A. Sugg Automatic weapon magazine, charging handle, bolt carrier, bolt catch, scope, and bolt features and methods of operation
US10132579B2 (en) 2016-02-18 2018-11-20 Ronald Andrew Foster Firearm with locking lug bolt, and components thereof, for accurate field shooting
US10466005B2 (en) 2016-02-18 2019-11-05 Ronald Andrew Foster Firearms and components thereof, for enhanced axial alignment of barrel with action
US11846479B2 (en) 2016-02-18 2023-12-19 Ronald Andrew Foster Firearms and components thereof featuring enhanced bolt lug shapes

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1083384A (en) * 1912-11-19 1914-01-06 John M Browning Firearm.
US1291689A (en) * 1914-07-27 1919-01-14 Us Ordnance Co Firearm.
US1470029A (en) * 1923-10-09 pedersen
US1586048A (en) * 1925-08-08 1926-05-25 Schmeisser Hans Firing mechanism for machine pistols
US2049776A (en) * 1935-04-24 1936-08-04 Jean U Koree Gun
US2096028A (en) * 1934-01-06 1937-10-19 Winchester Repeating Arms Co Tubular-magazine repeating firearm

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1470029A (en) * 1923-10-09 pedersen
US1083384A (en) * 1912-11-19 1914-01-06 John M Browning Firearm.
US1291689A (en) * 1914-07-27 1919-01-14 Us Ordnance Co Firearm.
US1586048A (en) * 1925-08-08 1926-05-25 Schmeisser Hans Firing mechanism for machine pistols
US2096028A (en) * 1934-01-06 1937-10-19 Winchester Repeating Arms Co Tubular-magazine repeating firearm
US2049776A (en) * 1935-04-24 1936-08-04 Jean U Koree Gun

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2458647A (en) * 1946-08-15 1949-01-11 Frederick W Sampson Cocking bolt of machine guns
US2611204A (en) * 1947-11-28 1952-09-23 Marlin Firearms Co Receiver and action assembly for firearms
US2606382A (en) * 1948-11-29 1952-08-12 Wilbur A Schaich Two-piece firearm bolt
US2816484A (en) * 1951-08-27 1957-12-17 Richard R Grages Automatic firearm of the blow back type
DE1034071B (de) * 1954-06-16 1958-07-10 Gevarm Sa Beweglicher Verschluss mit Zusatzmasse fuer selbsttaetige Karabiner oder andere Waffen
US3363351A (en) * 1967-03-30 1968-01-16 Melvin A. Smith Bolt assembly for firearm
US6209249B1 (en) 1999-03-17 2001-04-03 James F. Borden Bolt for firearm allowing for reduced clearance between bolt and bolt runway
US20170356704A1 (en) * 2012-05-01 2017-12-14 Edward A. Sugg Automatic weapon magazine, charging handle, bolt carrier, bolt catch, scope, and bolt features and methods of operation
US10101103B2 (en) * 2012-05-01 2018-10-16 Edward A. Sugg Automatic weapon magazine, charging handle, bolt carrier, bolt catch, scope, and bolt features and methods of operation
US10408553B2 (en) 2012-05-01 2019-09-10 Edward A. Sugg Automatic weapon magazine, charging handle, bolt carrier, bolt catch, scope, and bolt features and methods of operation
US10760863B2 (en) 2012-05-01 2020-09-01 Edward A. Sugg Automatic weapon magazine, charging handle, bolt carrier, bolt catch, scope, and bolt features and methods of operation
US10132579B2 (en) 2016-02-18 2018-11-20 Ronald Andrew Foster Firearm with locking lug bolt, and components thereof, for accurate field shooting
US10466005B2 (en) 2016-02-18 2019-11-05 Ronald Andrew Foster Firearms and components thereof, for enhanced axial alignment of barrel with action
US10670354B2 (en) 2016-02-18 2020-06-02 Ronald Andrew Foster Firearm with locking lug bolt, and components thereof, for accurate field shooting
US11846479B2 (en) 2016-02-18 2023-12-19 Ronald Andrew Foster Firearms and components thereof featuring enhanced bolt lug shapes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL78379C (en, 2012)
BE463036A (en, 2012)
FR921899A (fr) 1947-05-21
GB579660A (en) 1946-08-12

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