US2414147A - Heater - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 14, 1947. H. H. FLEER 2,414,147

HEATER Filed Jan; 4, 1943 s Sheets-Sheet 1 IN V EN TOR.

Fez/ y H Hear;

H. H. FLEER Jan. 14, 1-947.

HEATER Filed Jan. 4, 1945 INVENTOR.

3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Jan. 14, 1947 HEATER Harry H. Fleer, Quincy, Ill., assignor to Gem City Pattern (30., Quincy, 111., a corporation of Illinois Application January 4, 1943, Serial No. 471,234

8 Claims. 1

My inventionrelates, generally, to heaters and it has particular relation to heaters of the warm air type for heating space by radiation and convection.

An object of my invention is to provide for introducing primary air into the fire box around the outside of the fire bed so as to cause the fuel to burn from the outside inwardly.

Another object of my invention is to provide for distributing the primary air to the rifling or spiral grooves in the inner surface of the fire box which in turn distribute it around the outside of the fire bed.

A further object of my invention is to provide for distributing the secondary air around the fire box and into the upper portion thereof.

Still another object of my invention is to so arrange and construct the fire box and the ridin or spiral grooves therein that the ashes from the fuel bed will tend to flow downwardly into the ash pit.

Other objects of my invention will, in part, be

obvious and in part appear hereinafter.

For a more complete understanding of the nature and scope of my invention reference may be had to the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a preferred form of heater in which the present invention is incorporated;

Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view taken along the line 22 of Figure 4 and showing the internal details of construction of the heater shown in Figure 1 and the paths of the primary and secondary air;

Figure 3 is a detail sectional view taken on the line 33 of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a detail sectional view taken on the line 4-4 of Figure 2; and

Figure 5 is a detail sectional view taken along the line 5-5 of Figure 4.

Referring now particularly to Figure 1 of the drawings, it will be observed that the reference character l designates, generally, a heater in which the present invention is incorporated. The heater I 0 is provided with a casing or drum H, preferably of sheet steel, which may be supported at its lower end on legs l2. At the upper end there is provided a stack IE to which the conventional stove pipe can be attached for carrying away the gases incident to combustion. A cap or cover I4 is provided at the upper end of the heater l0 which includes a door l having a handle l6 for opening the same. It is intended that the fuel for the heater l0 shall be fed to the fire box through the aperture closed by the door l5. Projecting through the door I5 is a handle I! which is attached to a slide l8, Figure 2', for closing apertures IS in the cover l4. Ad-

ditional secondary air can be admitted through the apertures l9, if desired.

The primary air can be admitted through apertures 20 and control of the same is provided by means of a handle 2| attached to a slide 22, Figure 2 of the drawings. As will be set forth hereinafter, the primary air through the apertures 20 is caused to flow around the fuel bed so as to permit combustion around the same.

At the lower portion of the heater EB there is provided a door 25 which can be opened to remove ashes from the ash pit. The door 25 is provided with an auxiliary door 26 which can be opened to permit access to the ash pit for shaking the grate in a conventional manner.

Referring now particularly to Figures 2, 3 and 4 of the drawings, it will be observed that a liner 3B of suitable refractory material, such as fire brick or tile, is provided inside of the casing or steel drum II. As shown in Figure 5 this liner 353, which is made up of several pieces 3! of fire brick or tile, is in contact engagement with the inner surface of the casing or steel drum ll, except for certain portions thereof as will be set forth hereinafter. It has been found that this construction with the casing or steel drum l i in contact with the liner 3G for the major portion of its extent materially increases the eiliciency of the heater I0.

As shown in Figures 3 and 4 of the drawings, the liner 38 can be made up of eight sections or pieces 3! of fire brick or tile. Obviously, a greater or smaller number can be employed if desired. The sections 31 are arranged to form a generally cylindrical fire box 32 the longitudinal axis of which is vertical as illustrated. Preferably, the diameter, as indicated by the broken line 33 of Figure 2, at the upper end of the fire box 32 is slightly smaller than the diameter, indicated by the broken line 34, at the lower end so that a generally conical construction is provided which tapers outwardly and downwardly to facilitate the flow of ashes from the fuel bed in the fire box 32 to the ash pit therebelow.

Now it is desirable to have the fuel bed burn from the outside inwardly rather than to burn from the inside outwardly. A much more efficient combustion is obtained and generally the heater l!) is much more efficient if the combustion is of this character. In order to effect this desirable result the primary air is directed so that it flows around the outside of the fuel bed.

For this purpose the inner surface of the fire box 32 is rifled or provided with spiral grooves 37 through which the primary air can flow. The

' lower end of each of the grooves 31 extends vertically downwardly as indicated at 38.

With a view to preventing the spiral grooves 31 from being clogged with ashes from the fuel bed, the upper edge of each of the grooves, as

indicated at 39, extends generally horizontally or substantially at right angles to the vertical axis of the fire box 32. The lower side 40 of each of the spiral grooves 31 slopes downwardly, as shown, so that the ashes therein tend to flow downwardly toward the fire box.

The liner 30 made up of the sections 3| of fire brick or tile is supported at the lower end by a lower clamp ring 42 which is provided with apertures 43 registering with the vertical grooves 38 in which the lower ends of the spiral grooves 31 open as previously described. The lower clamp ring 42 extends into the fire box 32 and has integrally formed therewith-a flange 44 which interfits with the lower inner surface of the liner 30 and slopes so as to facilitate the flow of ashes to the ash pit.

Underneath the lower clamp ring 42 and supporting the same is a grate ring 45 which, together with the clamp ring 42, provides an annular passageway or channel d6 through which the primary air, as indicated by the arrows 41, can be distributed from the openings 20 to the spiral grooves 3?. It will be understood that the annular passageway or channel 46 extends entirely around the lower end of the liner 30 and that it is common to all of the grooves 38. d integrally formed with the grate ring 45 is a flange 48 which is inclined to form a continuation of the flange 45. for directing the flow of ashes to the ash pit. Grooves 49, registering with the apertures 43 and grooves 38, are provided to facilitate the flow of ashes therefrom to the ash pit. The' grate ring 45 is provided with a plurality of integrally formed earsfeil, Figure 4, for supporting an auxiliary grate ring Figure 2, which in turn supports a conventional grate 52. Since the grooves 49 in the grate ring 45 will normally be filled with ashes, substantially none of the primary air will flow therethrough. It fol lows that the entire supply of primary air will flow through the lower channel or annular passageway 4t and bedistributed to the grooves 38 and thence through the spiral grooves 31 for supporting combustion at the outside of the fuel bed and causing the fuel bed to burn from the outside inwardly. That is, substantially no air can work its way through the grooves 49 and up through the center of the fuel bed since these grooves are normally filled with ashes. By causing the'fuel bed to burn from the outside'inward- 1y better combustion is obtained because the adjacent heated liner 30 helps to ignite the gases evolved from the fuel and the fuel burns completely away from the liner 38, thereby eliminating the tendency for the fuel bed to arch as is the case when it burns up through the center.

The grate ring 45 can be supported in any suitable manner such as by standards 53 projecting upwardly from the bottom of the-ash pit 54.

The major portion of the secondary air is admitted through apertures 5'! and the amount is controlled by a slide 58, Figure 4, having a, projecting. handle 53 for adjusting the same. The apertures 53 open intoa channel 60, which is annular in character and which is formed in the lower end of the liner 3!), as shown. The annular passageway 60 for the secondary air is common to vertically extending passageways Bl in the outside surface of the liner 3!). Except for these passageways 6|, the liner 3!] is in contact engagement with the casing or steel drum II, as previously described. At their upper ends the passageways -6l communicate with two sets of apertures 62 and 63 which extend through the 4 liner 3B and into the fire box 32 at the upper end, as indicated more clearly for apertures 63 in Figure 3 of the drawings. Apertures 62 are identical with apertures 63. If desired, one of the sets of apertures 62 or 63 can be omitted if it is found that suflicient secondary air is supplied by a single set.

The upper ends of the passageways 6| communicate with a passageway 64 that is annular in character and is formed by an upper clamp ring 65. The upper clamp ring 65 can be provided with apertures 33 through which the secondary air can also be distributed to the upper end of the fire box 32. If desired, either the apertures 66 Or both sets of apertures 62 and 63 can be omitted or used depending upon the amount of secondary air that is required. Preferably the apertures 36 in the upper clamp ring 65 are omitted. Reliance is then placed on the apertures 32 and 33 to supply the necessary secondary air. It will be understood that additional apertures, such as the apertures 32 and 63 in the liner 30, can be employed, if desired.

The flow of the secondary air is indicated by the arrows 61. It will be observed that it enters through the apertures 5'! near the rear of the heater l6 and that it flows through the annular passageway and upwardly through thejvertical passageways 5|. It then flows through suitable apertures, as described, into the upper end of the fire box 32.

As shown in Figure 2 of the drawings, the upper clamp ring is provided with suitable ears, one of which is indicated at 68, which rest upon the upper end of the liner 39. Recessed portions are provided in the upper clamp ring 65, as indicated at 69, to permit access to the stove bolt 10 which serves, together with other stove bolts, to hold the cap M in place on the upper end of the casing or steel drum I l.

Since certain changes'can be made in the fore going construction and different embodiments of theinvention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, it is intended that all matter shown in the accompanying drawings and described hereinbefore shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense;

I claim asmy invention:

'1. In a heater, in combination, an upright casing, a liner for said casing of refractory material defining a fire box, the inner surfaceof said liner tapering downwardly and outwardly to facilitate the downward flow of ashes in the fire box-said inner surface having a plurality of primary air supply grooves extending upward from its lower end for directing the flow of primary air to the outside of the fuel bed in said fire box, a lower clamp ring underneath said liner for supporting the same, said clamp ring projecting into said fire box and having apertures therein registering with the lower ends of said grooves, a grate ring adapted to carry a grate below the firebox and supporting said lower clamp ring and cooperating therewithto provide a passageway common to said apertures and. communicating with the outside of said'casing for distributinglprimary air to said grooves, and an upper clamp ring: at the upper end of said liner cooperating therewith to provide a circular passageway having apertures opening into the upper end of theifi're box to direct the fiow of secondary air thereto, said liner being provided with a pluralityof vertically extending passageways communicatin with said circular passageway for the flow. of sec-I ondary air therethrough, and said liner being provided with a passageway common to the lower ends of said vertical passageways and communicating with the outside of said casing for distributing secondary air to said passageways.

2. In a heater, a casing having an ash pit at its lower end, a grate ring mounted in said casing above said ash pit, a clamp ring mounted in said casing in superposed spaced relation to said grate ring, said rings having interfitting engagement at their inner portions, a refractory lining mounted on said clamp ring provided in its innor surface with primary air supply grooves extending upward from its lower end, said clamp ring having spaced openings therein in register with the lower ends of said grooves and said grate ring having ash receiving depressions underlying said openings and extending downward therefrom, said rings defining between them a primary air receiving space communicating at the upper ends of said depressions with said openings and otherwise closed to the ash pit, and means for admitting air to said space.

3. In a heater, a casing having an ash pit at its lower end, a grate ring mounted in said casing above said ash pit, a grate structure supported at the lower end of said ring in proximity thereto, a clamp ring mounted in said casing in superposed spaced relation to said grate ring, said rings having interfitting engagement at their inner portions, a refractory lining in said casing mounted on said clamp ring provided in its inner surface with primary air supply grooves extending upward from its lower end, said clamp ring having spaced openings therein in register with the lower ends of said grooves and said grate ring having ash receiving depressions therein underlying said openings and inclined down-- wardly and inwardly of said casing toward said grate structure, said rings defining between them a primary air receiving space communicating at the upper ends of said depressions with said openings and otherwise closed to the ash pit, and means for admitting air to said space.

4. In a heater, a casing having an ash pit at its lower end, a grate ring mounted in said casing above said ash pit, a grate structure supported at the lower end of said ring in proximity thereto, a clamp ring mounted in said casing in superposed spaced relation to said grate ring, said rings having interfitting engagement at their inner portions, a refractory lining in said casing mounted on said clamp ring provided in its inner surface with primary air supply grooves extending upward from its lower end and having their lower end portions straight and substantially vertical, said clamp ring having spaced openings therein in register with the lower ends of said grooves and said grate ring having ash receiving depressions therein underlying said openings and inclined downwardly and inwardly of said casing toward said grate structure, said rings defining between them a primary air receiving space communicating at the upper ends of said depressions with said openings and otherwise closed to the ash pit, and means for admitting air to said space.

5. In a heater, a casing having an ash pit at its lower end, a grate ring mounted in said casing above said ash pit, a clamp ring mounted in said casing in superposed spaced relation to said grate ring, said rings having interfitting engagement at their inner portions, a refractory lining mounted on said clamp ring provided in its inner surface with primary air supply grooves extending upward from its lower end, said, clamp ring having spaced openings therein in register with the lower ends of said grooves and said grate ring having ash receiving depressions underlying and extending downward from said openings, said rings defining between them a primary air receiving space communicating at the upper ends of said depressions with said openings and otherwise closed to the ash pit, said lining being spaced at its lower portion from said casing defining there with and with said clamp ring a secondary air receiving space extending about said liner and closed to said primary air space and to said ash pit, said liner having in its outer face secondary air channels opening into said secondary air space, means for admitting air from outside of said casing to said primary air space, means for admitting air from outside of said casing to said secondary air space, and means for permitting secondary air from said channels to enter the combustion space of said heater.

6. In a heater, a casing having ash pit at its lower end, a refractory lining in said casing above said ash pit provided in its inner surface with primary air supply grooves extending upward from its lower end, means providing a primary air receiving space extending about said casing above said ash pit and communicating with the lower ends of said grooves, means for admitting air to said space from the exterior cf said casing and independently of said ash pit, means defming in cooperation with said casing and said liner a secondary air receiving space extending about the lower portion of said liner and closed to said primary air space and to said ash pit, said liner having in its outer face secondary air conducting channels opening into and extending upward from said secondary air space, means for admitting air to said secondary air space from outside of said casing and independently of said primary air space and of said ash pit, and means for permitting secondary air from said channels to enter the combustion space of said heater.

7. In a heater, a casing having an ash pit at its lower end, a refractory lining in said casing above said ash pit provided in its inner surface with primary air supply grooves extending upward from its lower end portion and having in its outer surface upwardly extending secondary air channels opening at their upper portions into the space defined by said lining, means for sin:- plying to the lower ends of said grooves primary air from outside of said casing and ash pit, and means for supplying to the lower ends of said channels secondary air from the exterior of said casing independently of said primary air supply means and of said ash pit.

8. In a heater, a casing having an ash pit at its lower end, a grate ring mounted in said casing above said ash pit, a clamp ring mounted in said casing in superposed spaced relation to said grate ring, a refractory lining mounted on said clamp ring provided in its inner face with primary air supply grooves extending upward from its lower end, said rings defining between them a primary air receiving space communicating with the lower ends of said grooves, means for supplying primary air to said space from the exterior of said casing and ash pit, and means for supplying secondary air to the combustion space of said heater from the exterior of said casing and independently of said primary air supply means and of said ash pit.

HARRY H. FLEER.

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