US2383188A

US2383188A - Heating apparatus

Info

Publication number: US2383188A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1945-08-21
Anticipated expiration: 1962-08-21

Description

Aug. 21,- 1945. w. A. GRlSWOLD HEATING APPARATUS 1941 3 Sheets-Sheet l Filed oct. .21,

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A1 vonygns `Aug.`21, 1945. W. A. GRISWOLD HEATING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 2l, 1941 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 vn3. E

I NVENTOR mmm A. mswow ATTORNEYS Aug. 21., l1945. w. A. GRISWOLD HEATING 'APPARATUS 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Oct. 2l

R o T N E V N I ATTORNEYS Patented Aug. 2l, 19`45 UNITED STATES .PATENT OFFICE HEATING APPARATUS William A. Griswold, Cleveland, Tenn.

Application October 21, 1941, Serial No. 415,931

Claims.

This invention relates to coal burning heating appliances.

It is the object of the invention to provide a coal burning heating appliance capable of consuming substantially all smoke and volatile gases, so as to secure the heating value thereof instead of permitting them to be wasted by being discharged through the chimney.

It is a further object of this invention to provide such combustion that the appliance is economical to operate by introducing `the proper quantity of air in the right areas above the fuel to ensure complete combustion of all volatile matter so that the smoke and combustible gases escaping are reduced to the minimum.

It is a further object to provide by the substantially complete consumption of combustible gases and by the elimination of the exit of smoke to reduce the carbon content of thewsmoke to an ash which is suitably collected in the mechanism.

It is a further object to provide a heating appliance which is free from explosions due to accumulated gases which have heretofore been a frequent occurrence in heaters of the prior art when the fire box is overfed with fresh fuel.

It is an additional object to provide a much longer period of burning the fuel at a low rate.

It is an object of the invention to provide a heating appliance which can burn bituminous coals in crowded areas because by this invention a clearI nue discharge is secured regardless of the fuel used.

It is an additional object of the invention to secure improved heating characteristics due to the burning of `the gases atthe top of the re pot.

It is a further important object of this inven'- tion to regulate the exit of the gases and smoke and the additional volume of air which is preheated and supplied over the top of the fuel, so that the gases and smoke, both combustible solids, and the gases, are consumed in the presence of the additional oxygen of the additional air before they can escape. This feature of regulating the exit of the gases and smoke while heating additional air directly adjacent the exit areas, is an important feature of this invention.

Referring to the drawings:

Figure 1 is a section taken vertically from front to rear of the heating appliance;

Figure 2 is a front elevation of the appliance;

Figure 3 is a top plan view thereof;

Figure 4 is a section on the line 4--4, looking in the direction of the arrows on Figure 1;

Figure 5 is a section on the line 5-5 on Figure 1, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 6 is a section on Figure l taken on the line 6-6, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 7 is a modied form of Figure 6, with.

rebrick interllers between the air ducts;

Figure 8 is a section on the line 8 8 on Figure l, looking in the direction of the arrows; and

Figure 9 is a perspective of the control. flue partionally in section. l

Generally speaking, this invention relates to stoves, furnaces and the like. It consists in the provision of features which will ensure complete combustion of gases rising from burning coal. One of these features is a baille located near the outlet opening to the flue, the purpose of this baille being to impede the direct passage of the gases from the center of the combustionarea to the flue, forcing these gases instead to flow toward the sides of the stove at its upper portion. Another principal feature directly associated with the rst is the 'provision of air ducts which supply oxygen to a ring at the upper part of the fire box for the purpose of supporting the combustion of the gases impeded by the baffle. This air ring is of inverted U cross section which takes the air from the supply ducts t'two in number) and distributes it evenly around the upper portion of the stove, the air discharging into the gas filled chamber around one of the lips ofthe inverted U. The air ring is further provided with openings directly through the side of the U-shape-d section, these openings lying directly opposite the two open sides of the baffle. The purpose of these openings is to throw a draft of air across the path of the outgoing gases, completing the combustion of any which have not been taken care of by the air ring.

Air is fed from the air ring under-draft, by positioning the air ducts against the heated firebrick of the stove. The inventor states that the rebrick walls are sufficiently warmed to produce this draft of air within a few minutes of building of a fire in the stove.

Adjustable openings are provided at the lower ends of the air ducts, the positioning of the size of these openings being correlated with that of the usual draft opening in the ash pit. Generally speaking, if a very intense re or heating is desired, the booster openings as well as the conventional draft opening will be set for maximum draft. This will produce the fastest possible burning of the coal, as well as the fastest possible supply of oxygen to the products of combustion arising from the coal. Also generally speaking,

the lowest ring conditions will be accomplished by the smallest openings at the three draft controls. Variations from these positions will be made according to the type of coal being used, the characteristics of the flue, etc. l'

Referring to the drawings in detail:

I indicates a base supported on legs and serving to mount an outer jacket 2. This outer jacket is provided with air inlet openings 3 and 4 at the rear and front respectively, controlled by damper doors 5 andySy-which are hinged thereto. This outer jacket may be continuous a e heating appliance or arranged only at the front and rear as illustrated. This jacket 2 forms passageways 'I and 8, the inner walls of which are formed by the jacket or drum 9, which is provided with a frebrick lining I0. This lining is mounted upon a ring II, which is associated with the grate bars I2. In operation, kindling is placed on the grates |2 and coal is placed on top of the kindling. The damper I3 is opened t0 uncover the opening I4 in the ash pit door I5. The base of the appliance IB supports the ash pan I'I which can be withdrawn through the door I5.-

The ashes from the grate bars I2 and I2a can be dumped into this ash pan. l i

Turning to the top of the heating appliance, it will be noted that the air passing up the passageways l and 8, is heated as it passes over the drum 9, forming the inner walls of such passageways. This air then passes horizontally through the openings I8, in such wall 9, and thence beneath the ring I9, provided with one or more openings 20, and depending feet 2I resting upon the top of the firebrick I0. Thus large volumes of fresh air are mixed at the top of the stove with the coal gases and smoke supplying the additional oxygen necessary at this point to cause complete combustion of the coal gases and the consumption of the smoke. This is facilitated by the dome 22, forming a pressure chamber 23, a part of which is formed by the angular baflie 24,` which is open at the sides as at 25. Hence,

the air and any entrained gases pass out through the stack 26. This arrangement provides a chamber in which this nal consumption of gases and smoke takes place and in which the final combustion is effected. By causing the gases to pass over the baille 24 and make their exit through the sides thereof, it is thus possible to restrict the exit of any smoke or gas to prevent the draft from carrying the smoke and gas out of the stack Vor flue pipe 26, before they are fully consumed and combustion is completed.

One of the features of my invention is the supply of such additional air in large volume, fresh and warm, into an enlarged chamber with a restricted outlet in addition to the normal draft of air which enters beneath the grate bars and proceeds upwardly through the fuel. The fuel burns generally on the outer walls of the body of fuel so that the hottest area is onthe outer side and the heat is largely taken up by the incoming cool fresh air which is thence delivered to the top of the fireto secure complete combustion.

It will be understood that the exact size of the fresh air ducts I and 8, and the extent to which these ducts enclose the drum 9, is a matter of adjustment and choice.

The dome 22 is hinged as at 22a, so as to form a rocking cover to permit of the introduction of fuel. The other details of construction are not important as the primary feature of the invention is the consumption of substantially all the gases and all the smoke by the introduction of large volumes of air over the fuel in a chamber with a relatively restricted outlet area.

I found that this heating appliance will operate at all temperatures between the lowest which will support combustion of the fuel to that of a red hot condition. It has been found by experiment that from 80 to 90 pounds of bituminous coal will be consumed under hard burning conditions,

` 's is recalled that bituminous coal requires approximately 800 cubic feet of air per l cubic foot of coal, and 1 pound of coal heated to 500 F. produces 6 cubic feet of gas.

The difficulty with burning bituminous coals has been the large smoke and gas discharge which is prohibited in many metropolitan areas. My invention, because of its economy and additionally because of this `additional' combustion chamber, completely consumes the coal with little or no clinker and leaves only a smallash residue in the center of the grate bars.

It will be understoodl that this invention is applicable to any coal burning device and is `not" limited to the construction shown or to stoves, but is adaptable to a wide variety of mechanisms for the heating of air, food, water and the like.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desire `to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. In a heating appliance of the magazine type, a grate means, a fuel chamber having open ends and an imperforate side wall structure positioned above said grate with the bottom edge of the chamber substantially at grate level so that all air that enters the fuel chamber must enter through the open bottom end portion thereof, means forming a gas combustion chamber directly above the fuel chamber, means providing an opening in saidl gas combustion chamber through which fuel is admitted for lling the fuel chamber, means for continuously supplying pri-` mary air to the fuel chamber through only the open bottom end portion thereof whereby to support combustion in only the lowermost portion of a body of fuel in the fuel chamber and cause hot gasses to pass upwardly through the body of fuel in the upper portion of the fuel chamber that is not in alstate of gases therefrom into said gas combustion chamber, means for regulating the quantity of primary air supplied to the fue] chamber, separate means forming an air distri-buting ring directly above said'lfuel chamber having the inner peripheral wall thereof substantially in alignment with the inner peripheral surface of the fuel chamber and ,the level of the top edge of the fuel chamber which divides the fuel chamber and the gas combustion chamber, said imperforate wall excombustion to drive raw,y

tending to the level of said air discharge opening means to prevent admission of any secondary air into the fuel chamber below the said level, means forming an air passage in thermal association with the fuel chamber having an air inlet opening through which to receive air entirely independent of said primary air connected to said air distributing ring for conducting secondary air thereto after being heated 4by its movement through the air passage in thermal association with the fuel chamber, means for regulating the quantity of air supplied through said air passage means, and means forming a flue opening from said gas combustion chamber.

2. In a heating appliance of the magazine type, a gratemeans, a fuel chamber having open ends and an imperforate side wall structure positioned above said grate with the bottom edge of the chamber substantially at grate level so that all air that enters the fuel chamber must enter through the open bottom end portion thereof, means forming a gas combustion chamber directly above the fuel chamber, means providing an opening in said gas combustion chamber through which fuel is admitted for filling the fue;Av chamber, means for continuously supplying pria body of fuel in the fuel chamber and cause hot gases to pass upwardly through the body of fuel in the upper portion of the fuel chamber,

that is not in a state of combustion to drive raw gases therefrom into said gas combustion chamber, means for regulating the quantity of primary air supplied to the fuel chamber, separate means forming an inverted L-shaped air distributing ring positioned directly above said fuel chamber having the inner peripheral wall thereof substantially in alignment with the inner peripheral surface of the fuel chamber and having opening means in the inner peripheral wall of the distributing ring immediately adjacent the upper edge of the fuel chamber whereby air received in the distributing ring is discharged directly over the upper edge of said fuel chamber and around substantially the entire periphery thereof forming an air blanket at substantially the level of the top edge of the fuel chamber which divides the fuel chamber and ,the gas combustion chamber, said imperforate wall extending to the level of said air discharge opening means to prevent admission of any secondary air into the fuel chamber below the said level, means forming an air passage in thermal association with the fuel chamber having an air inlet opening through which to receive air entirely independent of said,y primary air connected to said air distributing ring for conducting secondary air thereto after being heatedby its movement through the air passage in thermal association with the fuel chamber, means for regulating the quantity of air supplied through said air passage means, and

I means forming a flue opening from said gas combustion chamber.

,fair that enters the fuel chamber must enter through the open bottom end portion thereof, means forming a gas combustion chamber directly above the fuel chamber, means providing an opening in said gas combustion chamber through which fuel is admitted for lling the fuel chamber, means for continuously supplying primary air to the fuel chamber through only the' open bottom end portion thereof whereby to support combustion in only the lowermost portion of a body of fuel in the fuel chamber and cause hot gases to pass upwardly through the` body of fuel in the upper portion of the fuel chamber that is not in a state of combustion to drive raw gases therefrom into said gas combustion chamber, means for regulating the quantity of primary air supplied to the fuel chamber, separate means forming an air distributing ring positioned directly above said fuel chamber having the inner peripheral wall thereof substantially in alignment with the inner peripheral surface of the fuel chamber and having opening means in the inner peripheral wall of the distributing ring immedately adjacent the upper edge of the fuel chamber whereby air .received in the distributing ring is discharged directly over the upper edge of said fuel chamber and around substantially the entire periphery thereof forming an air blanket at substantially the level of the top edge of the fuel chamber which divides the fuel chamber and the gas combustion chamber, said imperforate wall extending to the level of said air discharge opening means to prevent admission of any secondary air into the fuel chamber below the said level, means forming an air passage in thermal association with the fuel chamber having an air inlet opening through which to receive air entirely independent of said primary air connected t0 said air distributing ring for conducting secondary air thereto after being heated by its movement through the air passage in thermal association with the fuel chamber, means for regulating the quantity of 'air supplied through said air passage means, means forming a ue opening from said gas combustion chamber positioned on one side thereof to cause all gases to pass in a uniform direction toward the same for discharging from the gas combustionchamber and xed baffle means disposed in the path of flow of the gasses in front of and in spaced relationship to said flue opening to prevent direct flow of gases into the flue opening and thereby retard the movement of gases into the flue opening to cause substantially complete combustion thereof.

4. In a heating appliance of the magazine type, a grate means, a fuel chamber having open ends and an imperforate side wall structure positioned above said grate with the bottom edge of the chamber substantially at grate level so that all air that enters the fuel chamber must enter through the open bottom end portion thereof, means forming a gas combustion chamber directly above the fuel chamber, means providing an opening in said gas combustion chamber through which fuel is admitted for filling the fuel chamber, means for continuously supplying primary air to the fuel chamber through only the open bottom end portion thereof whereby to supportv combustion in only the lowermcst portion of a body of fuel in the fuel chamber and cause hot gases to pass upwardly through the body of having means in the inner peripheral wall of the distributing ring immediately adjacent the upper edge o-f the fuel chamber whereby air received in the distributing ring is discharged directly over the upper edge of said fuel chamber and around substantially the entire periphery thereof forming an air blanket which divides the fuel chamber and the gas combustion chamber, said imperforate wall extending to the level of said air discharge opening means to prevent admission of any secondary air into the fuel chamber below the said level, means forming an air passage in thermal association with the fuel chamber having an air inlet opening through which to receive air entirely independent of said primary air connected to said air distributing ring for conducting secondary air thereto after being heated by its movement through the air passage in thermal association with the fuel chamber, means for regulating the quantity of air supplied through said air passage means, means for conveying the consumed gases from the gas combustion chamber disposed on one side thereof whereby all of the gases flow through the combustion chamber in a substantially uniform direction toward the `side thereof at which the conveying means is located,

baille means disposed adjacent said conveying meansl and forming an open-ended chamber there adjacent to. prevent direct flow--of"the gases into chamber, means for continuously supplying primary air tothe fuel chamber through only the open bottom end portion thereof whereby to support combustion in only the lowermost portion of a body of fuel in the fuel chamber and cause hot gases to pass upwardly through the body of fuel in the upper portion of the fuel chamber that is not in a state of combustion to drive raw gases therefrom into said gas combustion chamber, means for regulating the quantity of primary air supplied to the fuel chamber, means forming an air distributing ring directly above said fuel chamber and having opening means therein through which air is discharged directly over the upper edge of said fuel chamber and around substantially the entire perihpery thereof forming an air blanket at substantially the level of the top edge of the fuel chamber which is the division line between the fuel chamber and the gas combustion chamber, said imperforate wall extending to the level of said air discharge opening means to pre-V vent admission of any secondary air into the fuel chamber below the said level, means forming an air passage in thermal association with the fuel chamber having an air inlet opening through which to receive air entirely independent of said primary air connected to said air distributing ring for conducting secondary air thereto after being heated by its movement through the `air passage the conveying means and thereby forceapcon- 3() in thermal association with the fuel chamber, centration of the gases adjacent each end of said\\means for regulating the quantity of air supballle means just before they pass into the last said chamber and thence into the conveying means, and additional opening means in said air distributing ring adjacent each of said bafflle means for supplying an additional secondary body of air to lsaid gas combustion chamber above the first mentioned secondary body directly into the concentrated gases in counterow relationship therewith to insure complete combustion ofthe gases before passing into the means for conveying the same from the gas combustion chamber.

5. In a heating appliance of the magazine type,

a grate means, a fuel chamber having open ends.

and an imperforate side wall structure positioned above said grate with the bottom edge of the chamber substantially at grate level so that all air that enters the fuel chamber must enter through the open bottom end portion thereof, means forming a gas combustion chamber directly above the fuel chamber, means providing an opening in said gas combustion chamber through which fuel is admitted for filling the fuel liedmhrough .said air passage means, means for conveyinggases from the gas combustion chamber positioned o`n one side thereof whereby to cause the gases to flow in one direction toward said conveying means, a baille means disposed adjacent said conveying means to cause the gases flowing toward the conveying means to separate into independent streams to flow around the baille means before entering the conveying means, and openings in said. air distributing ring disposed 'above said first mentioned openings and located tially complete combustion of the raw gases before entering the means conveying the same away from the gas combustion chamber.

WILLIAM A. GRISWOLD.