US2393855A

US2393855A - Heater

Info

Publication number: US2393855A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1946-01-29
Anticipated expiration: 1963-01-29

Description

Jan. 29, 1946.I T. c. cHEAsLEY v 2,393,855

" HEATER Filed Junezl, 1941 2 sheets-sheet 1 y' g-lmn hyd lNvENToR l l 7710/2705 6.' 6 16ms/ey BYk mhmwm ATTORNEY t Patented Janf 29, 1946 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE l HEATER Thomas C. Cheasley, Kansas City, Mo.

Application June 21, 1941, Serial No. 399,112

2 Claims.

This invention relates to heaters, particularly those of the type having magazines for containing and feeding solid fuels into a col-ring and -burning zone, and has for its principal object to provide a heater of this character wherein combustion supporting air is supplied from the bottom to the top of the magazine thereby assuring an adequate supply of air for substantially complete combustion of the gases evolved in the upper part of the magazine.

Other objects of the `invention are to assure an adequate supply of combustion supporting air across the top of the magazine to promote burning of the smoke and gases arising through the fuel; to provide the top of the magazine with a baille for retarding discharge to the ue outlet; to provide a magazine formed of a plurality of juxtaposed refractores of substantially like size and dimensions and having the edges thereofinterlocked with edges of the adjacent refractories; to provide the refractories with spacing means to maintain the air passages andprovide adequate support of the refractories by the heater casing; to provide for control of air flow through the passages; and to provide the heater casing with an inner protective lining forming the outer side of the air passages.

In accomplishing these and other objects of the invention, as hereinafter described, I have provided improved structure, the preferred form of which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a heater emvbodying the features of the present invention, a

portion of the casing walls being broken away to better illustrate the interior construction.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section through one side of the heater.

Fig. 3 is a detail perspective view of the air control shutter.

Fig. 4 is a vertical section through the heater taken at right angles relatively to the section shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a detail perspective view of a pair of the refractory blocks forming the fuel magazine.

Fig. 6 is a perspective View of the baille forming the top of the fuel magazine.

Fig. 7 is a horizontal section through the heater on the line I-'I of Fig. 4.

Referring more in detail to the drawings:

I designates a heater constructed in accordance with the present invention, and which includes a base 2 supported from the oo-r by legs 3. Carried upon and secured to the base 2'Vs a casing l, preferably formed of sheet metal and having front and rear walls 5 6 and side walls 1--8. Supported on the upper edges of the' walls of the casing is a top Shaving av front opening I0 closed by -a door II, through which the mag`1 azine is charged with fuel as later described. The top 9 also has an outlet opening I2 at the back thereof which is adapted to bey connected with a pipe I3 leading to a chimney (not shown). Spaced above the top of `the base 2 is a grate assembly I5 forming the bottom of a fuel magazine I6, later described, and the `top of an ashpit I l.

The grate assembly I5, illustrated in the present drawings, constitutes a circular plate I8 having openings I 9 therein through which air passes from the ash-pit I 'I upwardly through the fuel in the magazine. A central portion of the plate has an opening 20 through which ashes are discharged into the ash-pit for removal through a door opening 2| in the front ofthe heater, which opening is closed by a door 22 having a draft control damper 23. Supported below the opening 20 of the plate I8, on slides 24 and 25, is a shaker plate 26, having elongated openings 21 rfor discharging the ashes from the magazine.

The shaker plate is adapted for reciprocation across the bottom of the grate with the aid of a poker or` the like (not shown), which is engaged in an apertured ear 28 on the end of an arm 29 extending from the shaker plate to a point adjacent the ash-pit door opening 2I, as shown in Fig. 4. v

The grate plate I8 is carried by an outer plate 3D shaped to conform with the sides of the casing and to cooperate with the grate plate in supporting the fuel in the magazine. The outer plate 30 has -openings therethrough to pass primary air in addition to that supplied through the openings I3. The marginal edges of the plate form supporting ledge portions for the magazine and have spaced openings 3| therethrough for admission of air around the sides of the magazine when a control shutter 32 is opened.

The magazine I6 comprises a plurality of juxtaposed refractory blocks 33, arranged in super-v` imposed courses to form the front and

rear walls

34 and 35 and the side walls 36 and 3l of the magazine, the walls being spaced from corresponding walls of the casing to provide air pas-l sages 38 which are connected at their lower ends with the openings 3I. The refractories 33 are best illustrated in Fig. 5, and are shown as ycom-v prising a substantially rectangular block 39 hav# ing a thickness to support theweight of the fuel'.

The side edgesr of the blocks have ship-lap jointe 40 whereby the refractories interlock with adjacent refractories and prevent passage of radiant heat through the joints. The upper and lower refractories in the courses also have shlp-lap joints 4| whereby the courses are retained in Vercidental to. coking Vof the fuel are.v readily directed' into the passages for combustion therein.

Since the evolved gases areignited in the pasburned with the flames playing against the walls sages, it is desirable to provide the walls of the i Y casing with a suitable liner 43 to protect rthem from the intense heat of the flames, which liner may be a heavier sheet metal, cast metal plates, cast refractories, or a refractory plastic coating applied directly against the inner Y'faces of vthe rear faces are provided withlugs 44 which bear against the lining material. A sufficient number of courses are used so that the magazine extends approximately to the-lower edge of the dooropening, butthe courseslarespaced from the top of the heater to leavea combustion chamber 45 in Vcommunication with the outlet |2. In order to prevent ldirect ynow of gases to the outlet l2, the

top of the magazine carries a baiiie or deiiectlorA 46, having an inclined top 41 resting on'the rear Y liner and slopingl upwardly toward the door opening Il! to terminate vsubstantially in alignment withV the upper edge thereof. The sides of the baflie are provided-with Wings 48 and 49vhaving support onv the upper edges ofthe liner 43. n

To guide the-fuel into the magazine, and prevent spilling thereof over the top of the baflie, the forward edge thereof isfprovided witha-rearwardly inclined flange 50. The flange 58, while being` of a sufficient height toV guide the fuel into the magazine, is low enough for ow of gases on theirway to the outlet. I l g VThe shutter 32 is best shown in Fig. 3 and includesside bars 5| and 52,'having spaced open-- ings -53 therein arranged to register 'with the openingsv3| in the outer ledge-like portionof the grate assembly, the openings 53 being spaced apart so that thevv spaces 54 therebetweengform vclosures for the openings 3| i-n one positionof the at the sides of the heater, Aand Vthe bar 55 isadapted to project through a slot 58 Yat the front of the heater. To facilitate manipulation of the shutter, the front bar V55 has a forwardly projecting tongue 59 carrying aV knob or handle 6l).

When starting a fire in a heater constructed and assembled as described, a fire is kindledv on the grate assembly l5 and a sufficient amount of coal is inserted in the magazine to assure a good bed of live coals. The magazine is then cornpletely filled with coal so that the fire burns from the bottom and converts the coal at the top into coke.- Thefgases evolved during the coking proc-V ess are discharged outwardly through the openings 42 in the sides of the magazine where they form combustible mixtures with the air moving through the passages 38 and wherein the gas is of the heater casing. In order-to assure the correct amount of air for the gases evolved, the shutterv 32 is shifted so that the desired amount of draft air is passed from the ash-pit, the outer.

air being diverted directly through the grate into the magazine for supplying combustion supporting air for the coke, the proper amount of draft air being controlled-by the draft doorV damper 23. With this arrangement,v a sufficient amount of air passes to the upper'portion of the heater for forming combustible mixtures with all of the --evolved gases and'any smoke which may` arise through the magazine. The bafe 46 deflects the 'gases away from the` outlet l2 so thatthey have sufficient time to complete combustion before be- 'ing' discharged lto the chimney. As the coal y .cokes,.it settles downwardly in the magazine and is burned in the bottom thereof to coke the addi-V tional coal emptied into the magazine; n It is thus obvious that the heater, upon being cha-rged'with fuel, will operate over a long period without re'- charging or attention, as the feedl of the4 fuel is substantially automatic. Since an adequate supply of air is admitted to promote substantially complete combustion, the heater operates without Yproducing objectionable smoke or-fsoot.

From the foregoing it is obvious that IV have provided a heater` of the magazine type Whichf transversely within the casingand spaced abovet said bottom, a flue outlet connection in Ythe upper portion of the casing, a refractory linerv covering` inner faces of the side walls above. said grate, a fuel magazine above said vgrate and' terminating short of the nue connection, refractories forming the Walls ofv the Vmagazine and spaced from the refractory liner to `provide a gas;

burning space therebetween said gas burning space having connection with the-space below said grate through air passages located adjacent the'side walls of the casing," means for'admittingv air intothe casing from below the grate` to supply combustion supporting air. through the grate for maintaining burning of lthe fuel in the lower Y portion of the magazine and to supply air. through Said passages for 'maintainingburning of Agases in said gas burning space, said walls of ther magazine having spaced openings along the height thereof to pass gases evolved from fuel contained in the magazine into the gas burning 'Spacey means for controlling admission/of theY air to having sides supported on said refractory liner Vto leave the gas burning space open under said deector whereby burning gas issued Vfrom said spaces pass under the deiiector and are deflected away from direct passage tothe flue connection..

2. A heaterA including a casing having side walls, a top and a bottom, a-grate extending transversely within the casing and spaced above said bottom, a flue outlet connection in the upper portion of the' casing, a refractory liner covering inner facesof the side Walls above said' grate,`r a- Y fuel magazine above said grate and terminating short of the flue connection, -refra'ctories formV ing the walls of the magazine and spaced from the refractory liner to provide a gas burning space therebetween, said gas burning space having connection with the space below said grate through air passages located adjacent the side walls of the casing, means for admitting air into the casing from below the grate to supply combustion supporting air through the grate for maintaining burning of the fuel in the lower portion of the magazine and to supply air through said passages for maintaining burning of gases in said gas burning space, said Walls of the magazine having spaced openings along the height thereof to pass gases evolved from fuel contained in the magazine into the gas burning space, means for controlling an admission of the air to the casing, separate control means for regulating the flow of air through saidair passages to the gas burning space, and a deector bridging a portion of the magazine including the gas burning space below said flue connection and having support on said refractory liner, said deflector sloping upwardly over the top of the magazine and spaced from the refractories to leave the upper end .of said gas burning space open thereunder and having an upwardly extending flange along the terminal edge thereof.

* THOMAS C. CHEASLEY.