US2393205A - Steam boiler - Google Patents

Description

Jan. l5, 1946.

W. E. TIEMEIER STEAM BOILER Filed Aug. 4, 1944 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 QN N .m W w MY www MN, k Nv NN Sv Wma;

4 Sheets-Sheet 3 STEAM BOILER W. E. TIEMEIER Filed Aug. 4, 1944 Jan. 15,1946.

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Patented Jan. 15, 1946 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE y STEAM BOILER Walter E. Tiemeier, Burlington, Iowa, assigner to Murray Iron Works Company, Burlington, Iowa, a corporation of Iowa Application August 4, 1944', Serial No. 547;!)96

9 Claims.

My invention relates to steam boilers.

An important object of the invention is toI provide a steam boiler which is compact and highly eioient in operation.

A further object of the invention is to provide water tubes for cooling the Walls of the furnace section whereby the. heat is reduced before it enters the boiler section, and the eicieney of the steam boiler increased.

A further object of the invention is to provide bank or banks of Water tubes WithinA the boiler section which will absorb practically all of the heat. generated and also permit of the free travel of the heated gases.

A further object of the invention is to provide a bank or banks of Water tubes and baiiles, arranged W-ithin the boiler section, for causing the heated gases totravel through a long path, While contacting with the Water tubes, the arrangement of the Water tubes andv baiiies being such'v that the gases are free to travel through the elongated passage Without the assistance of an induced draft.

A further object of the invention is to provide a steam boiler, the small sizes kof which are adapted to be assembled as complete units for so-called package shipments, asV far as shipping clearances and equipment will permit.

Aiurther .object ofthe invention is to provide a steam boiler having two side water headers having flatinner faces which take-the place of refractoriessothat no trouble Willfbe experienced due to the brasion of the refractories or clinker adherence to such refractories.

A further object of the invention is to providev side water headers of the above mentioned'character havin-g flat `sides which are connected with stay bol-ts so thatr the headers may -be satisfactorily used With steam boilers of `all but extremely high pressures.

A further object .of the inventionis to provide side Water headers having inner flat faces' and being ofy suiicient areas to extend abovethe fuel bed so that molten ash. which at times may adhere to these water cooled ila-t faces,.may be removed therefrom by reducingy capacity operations when permissible,V which will cool the ashl and such ash will then solidify and the resulting ash slag-Will automaticallyy fall from the water cooled faces into the fuel bed'so that the traveling or dumping. grate will discharge the saine into the ash pit.

Other objects andadvantages of theinvention inthe accompanying drawings forming a part ofthis application and in which like numerals are Figure fi ifs asimilar View taken on line 4-4` of Figure 1 with. the iront Wall tubesv omitted;

Figure 5 is asimilar View taken on line li-50iy Figure 1, and

Figure 6 Ais a similar View taken on line l-.G'of' Figure .1. Y

In the drawings,.wherein for the purpose oi illustration is shown .a preferred embodiment of my invention, the numeral .I0 designates a foundation whichlmay'be formed ofvconcrete or the like and includes abottom Il, sides I2, a forwardlend I3 and rear end Ill'. Disposedbetween the ends I3 and I4-aretransverse Walls or bridges .land I6as shown. The steam boiler casingwhich `is mounted uponthe foundation I Il is'formed .of refractory and heat insulating material andv comprisessides I1, aViorwardiendV I8 and-a rearend I9. The sides II are curved/and converge in-` wardly at their upper ends tovform atoporarch 2li, having. a central longitudinal4 opening 2l formed therein; for a purpose-to be described,- Surrounding-the. refractory casngis a. jacket .22-l formed or metal, andthis `jacket is yformed vin seotions secured together by'jacket supports 212 Arranged within the opening ZI is-an-upper central longitudinal water and steamy 23;

which enter-ids.y throughout the entire length-o the steam-boiler casingand-projects beyondythef4 This' centrall water vand steam-drum is covered by heat insulat-f forward f andl rear endsY l8- and I9.

ingv material 24.

The numeral 25 designates side 'water .headers,v which vextendthroughoutthefentire .length of'lthe steam'boiler cas-ing.- Each Water header i25=isrecf tangular in-cross section and lincludesa horizontal bottom 26j, avertcal outer sidel, averticalinner" side 28, vupper horizontal topisection'ZfS, v-anclaisi inclined or .diagonal top :sectioncBa `The water' header 25 is partlyy .embedded Iwithin the. side I?! f and is-arranged within the recess I tori-ned with# in the side and `projectsinwardly,beyond the inner face of the sideI'l; The recesstor opening-113Mo):-

tends throughoutthe lentlre-ler-igth' of the side 2131 and the-side. is supported Lbytheitop' section -291 The water header-25 has itss bottom'ZG; :estingK upon the' side l2.. The-:heat insulating material' 32 may be arranged between the outer side 21 and the jacket 22. Attention is called to the fact that the sides 21 and 28 on the header are vertical and parallel and that the inner side 28 is disposed within the furnace section 33 and defines the sides of the lower or fuel bed holding portion of this furnace section. The header 25% is formed of metal and the sides 21'and 28 are connected by stay bolts 34, These stay bolts retain the sides 21 and 28 parallel. The headers are suiciently strong forV use with all types of steam boilers excepting those of extremely high pressure.

The numeral 35 designates an upwardly extending vertical baffle or bridge, defining the rear end Y of the furnace section 33. This upwardly extending baille 35 terminates shortof the water and steam drum 23 providing an opening 35, for the products of combustion. At the rear of the baille or bridge 35V is a downwardly extending vertical baillev 35,"extending from the top 29 and terminating short of the lower end of the baiiie 35 to provide an opening 31. At the rear of the baille 3IfV 'is a vertical bailleeextending upwardly, and terminating short of the top to provide an opening 38. At the rear of the baille 36a is a vertical bafile 39, extendingdownwardly from the topl and terminating at its lower end short of the lower end of the baille 36a to provide an opening 39'. The space between the baie'35 and the rear'rend I9 constitutes a boiler section 39a, and the several -baiiles coact to provide a long tortuous passage within the boiler section for the heated gases or Yproducts of combustion. These heated gases discharge through an opening 40 to a suitable stack or the like.

f Arranged adjacent to or in thermal contact with'eachside I1 in the furnace section, is a longitudinal row of vertical water tubes 43, which serve/to cool sides I1. At their lower ends, the water tubes l43 in each row are attached to the top section 29 of the corresponding header 25 and communicate with the interior of the header. Thevvertical tubes 43 in each row are bent so that they Amayexpand without disrupting their connections' and alternate tubes 43 are bent to form upper Yportions 44, whileA the remaining alternate rtubes l43 are bent to form-upper portions 45.V "The:A upper portions 44 closely follow the contour of the top 20 VwhileY the *upper portions; 45 are spaced downwardly from the same, The Yupper portions 44 andf45 are secured to the 23,-'in staggered relation so that the drum is notunduly weakened and need not be formed o'fAunnecessarily heavy material. 'I'he upper portionsf44 and 45 of` course communicate with the interior of the water and steam drum 23. The longitudinal rows of vertical tubes- 43 are confined within the furnace section 33` and are arranged in 'relatively close relation and contact with the sides to screen or cool sides I1. These water tubes 43 are entirely uncovered. The forward end tubes 43 also extend across the inner face of the end I8 and additional vertical water tubes 45, 41, wand 49, also extend across the inner face of the end I8. The water tube 46 is attached to the diagonal top section 30 of the header 25, while the water tubes 41, 48 and 49 are attached to the vertical side 28. These water tubes arebent near their upper and lower ends and at their upper ends they are attached to the water and steam drum 23 at spaced points and are disposed in the same transverse tending across the end \|8, have thermal contact" therewith and serve' to' co'ol the end I8." The rear 'water tube 43 attached to each header 25 extends across the baille 35 and vertical tubes 50, 5|, 52 and 53 also extend across the baille 35 and are connected with each header 25. The water tubes 5D, 5I, 52 and 53 are bent at their lower ends. The tube 50 is attached to the diagonal top section 30 and the tubes 5I, 52 and 53 are attached to the vertical side 29. All of these tubes lead into the interior of the header 25. The tubes 50, 5 I, 52 and 53 are bent at their upper ends and these upper ends are attached to the water and steam drum 23, at spaced points and lead into the drum 23. The upper ends of the tubes 5U, 5I, 52 and 53 are disposed in the same transverse vertical plane. It is thus seen that the two sets of tubes 43, 5B, 5I,

Y 52 and 53, having thermal contact with the baille distance than the tubes 43.

35, serve to cool the same. The vertical water tubes support the water and steam drum.

Arranged within the boiler section 39a at the rear of the baille 35 is a bank of vertical tubes 54, 55, 55, 51 and 58. These tubes are arranged in longitudinal and transverse rows. In the longitudinal rows the tubes are spaced a greater In the transverse rows the tubes are spaced the same distance as the spacing of the transverse rows of tubes which extend along the end i8 and balile 35. The longitudinal rows of tubes 54 extend along the sides Y' I1 in the furnace section 39a and have thermal and communicates with the interior of the header.

The tubes 55, '55, 51 and 58 are bent at their lower ends. rI'he tube 55 is attached to the diagonal top section 30 while the tubes 56, 51, and 58 are attached to the vertical side 28 and these tubes all communicate with the interior of thev header 25. The tube 54 is bent at its upper end and is attached to the water and steam drum 23, and also the tubes 55, 56, 51 and 58 have their upper ends bent and are attached to the drum 23. All of these tubes communicate with the interior of the drum. Their upper ends are disposed in the same vertical transverse plane` The baffles 35', 35a, and 38 are arranged between certain of the transverse rows of boiler section tubes 54, 55, 56, 51 and 58, to provide a long zig zag passage for the heated gases and these tubes and the vertical water tubes within the furnace section 33 absorb practically all of the heat generated before these gases discharge through the opening 46.

In the boiler section 39a, the side headers 25 are preferably connected by horizontal water tubes 59, arranged between the transverse rows of vertical water tubes.

The bottom II has a bridge 60 at the rear of which is an ash pit 6I having an ash removal door 62. One or both side Water headers may be provided with an entry passage 53 formed by a tube and covered by a suitable door. This passage is arranged near and above the ash pit 5I. The forward end I 8 has an opening V54 between its lower end and thebridge 60 and this opening extends throughout substantially the entire width 0f the forward end I 8.

The numeral 55 designates endless chain grate elements of a chain grate stoker. These endless chain grate elements are supported by sprocket wheels 55' and B5. The sprocketwheels S5' are-disposed exteriorly of the furnace section 33 while the sprocket wheels 5S are arranged within the furnace section over the Yash pit 6I.

The endless chain grate elements are. driven lin theusualmanner so that their upperlruns travel rearwardly as indcatedby the arrows The endless chainv grate elements extend. through the transverse opening 64 and aresuitablyspaced from the top wall of the opening Gilfto provide a passagefor the fuel 63', supplied from, a hopper ParticularV attention is calledy to the factrthat the endless chain grate elements are arrangedin close relation to the inner vertical sidewalls 28 ofthe side wall headers 25. The inner Vertical walls 28- extend only to the-level oftheupper runs ofA the endless chain grate'- elements while they-extend above the upper runs of the said grate elements and above the bed-lofl fueliifor a considerable distance. The side-water headers and the upper runs of the endless chain Vgrate elements therefore constitute a fuelbedholding portion. The fuel bed therefore contacts with thervertical walls 28` of the side water` headers andvnot with the refractorysideslff. During the operation of the boiler the moltenashwill adhere to the inner vertical wall-2S and this moltenA ash v may be removed by reducing capacity operations Whenpermissible, which will cool the molten ash and such ash will then solidify and the resultant ash slag 69 formed upon the watercooled vertical metal wall 28 will automatically fall from thevertical water cooled surface into the fuel bed so that the grate, traveling or dumping, will discharge the ash slag into the ash pit.

It is to be understood that the invention is not restricted to the use of a chain grate stolier and that other types of stokers may be employed. I may employ a stoker having a dumping grate with mechanical means to push the fuel rearwardly along the grate. Whenvthis forincf Stoker is used the grate is arranged near the bottom of the side water headers, in the position occupied by the upper runs of the endless'ch-ain grate elements 65; so that the side water headers will. projetfor substantial distances above the fuel bed carried by the grate. I-`also contemplate using a grate without the Stoker feature, in which event the grate will be arranged near the-lower ends of the side water headers. YThe invention is not necessarily restricted to the use of'solid fuel requiring grates, asv I contemplate using powdered solid fuel or oil. In this event, a burner noazle would extend through a suitable opening formed in the forward end i3, andthe large openingrfl would be dispensed with. The forward end It may be provided with any suitable number and arrangement of openings, depending uponvthe type of fuel handling apparatus to be used, The water tubes which extend over the end` Ito cool the saine, will be suitably 'shaped or bent'l to accommodate themselves to these openings, or some of these tubes may be omitted. In some circumstances, Ythewater tubes which contact with the forward-end IS andthe baffle 35 to cool the same', may be dispensed with.

The operation ofthe the steam boilerfis as follows; The vfuel is burnedwithin the furnace section 33 jand the longitudinal rowsoftubesll reducehthe temperature and cool the'jsides l1. The water tubes contacting with the forward end laandbaiile 35 also cool these parts and further reducethe temperature. The heatedgases, at a somewhat reduced temperature, l now'V travel through melone Zie Zag passage pliedued by the baiilesgvand heat exchange is effectedjwith the Water the banlsof .'Wetel; tubes Llflths b'oiler:

section.v The fuel bed upon the rate vcontacts with the inner vertical water cooled metai walls 28and not withthe refractory sides: 1.1 Asa result of this no trouble will he experienced due to the abrasion ofthe refractories "or clinler 'ad-A herents to'such refractories. When thev molten ash adheres to the ilat verticalwater cooled walls zzthe same may-be removedthereiro'm by reducing capacity operations when permissible, which will cool the ash and such ash willthen-solidify and the-.resultant ash slagfwiil automatically drop from the wall 28 into the fuel beda. This slag will be discharged into the ash pit bythe action ofthe gratev which may be of the traveling or dump type. f

It is tor-be understood that the formvof in vention herewith shown and describedv is y to lbe taken as a preferred' example of the-same and thaty various changes in the shape, size and arrangement of lparts may be resorted to without departing from the spirit of my invention or the scoperof the subjoined claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim-is:

l. In a steam boiler, a casing formed ofrefractory material,V meansV to divide the casing into a furnace section and a boiler sectioni an upper' central longitudinal water and steam drum extending throughout substantially the entire length cf the'casing, side water headers having inner substantially vertical and substantially flat sides,l the headers extendingthroughoutsubstantially theentire vlengthofthe casing, aD grate are ranged Within the furnace section-and-dlsposed between the inner substantially'yertical sides of theheaders, said side water headers having their bottomsA arranged generallyl atthe elevation of the-upper surface of the grate sothat such headers pro-jectabove the upper surface of theg'rate throughout the major portion of their vertical dimensions, said grate andfside waterheaders constituting deep means for holding a fuel bed and retaining the same out of contact withthe refractory sides ofAv the casing,A longitudinal rows of upstanding water 4tubes arranged within the furnace section and disposedadiacent'tothe sides of the furnace section to cool the same and -havingftheir lowerl ends connected with the side waterY headersand their upper lends connected with the waterand steain'drum, and a bank 'ofu upstandi-ng tubes arranged within the boiler section and connected a'ttheirlower ends wi-tnthe side water headers andv atgtheir upper endswith the water and steam drum. I

2. In a steam boiler', a casing formed ofrefractory material, means to-divide the casing into a furnace section and a boilergsection", an upper central longitudinal water and steam drum extending throughout substantially the entire length of the casing, side water headers having inner substantially vertical and su'jr'ist'an tially'flat sides, the headers extending throughout substantially the entire lengthl ofthe casing, said headers being arranged within the lower portion of the` furnace section and havingtheir inner substantially vertical and substanti'allyatsides arranged for contact with-the fuel bed,*a grate arranged Within the furnace section between the inner substantially vertical sides of the headers to support the fuel bed; said headershaving a much greater Vertical transverse dimension than horizontal transverse' dimension and projecting above'theupper surface cf the'grate throughout the major portion ofthe vertical dimensionsfof such headers so that the fuel bed 'is retained ou'tl of lcontact with the refractory sides ofthe fur'- nace section, longitudinal rows of :upstanding water tubes arranged within the' furnace section nace section to cool the same land having their lower ends connected with the side water'headers and their upper ends connected with ,the water and steam drum, anda bank of upstandina' Water tubes arranged within the boiler section and connected at their lower ends with the side water headers and at their upper ends with the waterVand steam drum. i

3. In a steam boiler, a casing formed of refractory material, said casing having a furnace section and a boiler section, an 'upper central longitudinal Water and steam drum extending throughout substantially the entire length of the casing, side water headers which are substantially vrectangular in transverse vertical section arranged within the lower portion of the casing and extending throughout substantially the entire length of the casing, said headers having inner substantially vertical andsubstantially Vfiat sides, an endless chain grate device arranged within the furnace section between the inner substantially vertically sides of the headers to support the fuel bed and more the same rearwardly said headers having a considerably greater vertical transverse dimension than horizontal transverse dimensionV and having the major portions of theirA vertical dimensions arranged above the upper face of the endless chain grate, the inner substantially vertical sides of the headers contacting with the fuel bed and extending above the same to retain the fuel bed out of contact with the refractory sides of the furnace section, longitudinal rows of upstanding water tubes arranged within the furnace section and disposed adjacent to the sides of the furnace section to cool the same and'having their lower ends connected with the side water headers and their upper ends connected with the water and steam drum, and a bank of upstanding water tubes arranged within the boiler section and connected at their lower ends with the side water headers and at their upper ends with the water and steam drum.

4. In a steam boiler, a casing formed of refractory material, said casing including sides, a forward end and a rear end, a baille arranged within the casing to form therewith a furnace section and a boiler section, an uprper central longitudinal water and steam drum extending throughout substantially the entire length of the casing, side water headers which are rectangular in vertical cross section arranged within the casing and extending throughout substantially the entire length of the casing, each header comprising inner and outer substantially vertical sides the inner sides being substantially flat, aY substantially horizontal top section and a substantially horizontal bottom, each header being embedded within the lower portion of the refractory side of the casing and projecting inwardly beycnd such side, a grate arranged within the furnace section between the inner substantially vertical and substantially fiat Ysides of thel headers to support the fue1 bed, the headers extending above the grate for the major portion of/their vertical dimensions, longitudinal rows of upstanding water tubes arranged within the furnace section and disposed adjacentto the sides and disposed adjacent to the sides of the furof the furnace section to cool the same and having their lower ends connected with the substantially horizontal topsections ofthe headcrs'and steam drum, and a bank of upstandlng water tubes arranged within the boiler section and connected at their lower ends with the side water headers and at their upper ends with the water and steam drum.

5. In a steam boiler, a casing formed of refractory material, said casing including sides, a forward end and a rear end, a baiile arranged within the casing to form therewith a furnace section and a boiler section, an upper central longitudinal water and steam drum extending throughout substantially the entire length of the casing, side water headers arranged within the lower portion of the furnace section and within the lower portion of the boiler section and extending throughout substantially the entire length of the casing, each header comprising inner and outer substantially vertical sides, the inner substantially vertical sides beingsubstantially flat a substantially horizontal top section and a substantially horizontal bottom, each header being embedded within the refractory side of the casing and projecting inwardly beyond such side, a grate arranged within the furnace section between the inner substantially vertical sides of the headers, said headers having the major portion of their vertical dimensions arranged above the upper surface of the grate, the substantially vertical sides of the headers extending above the grate for a substantial distance. a longitudinal row of upstanding water tubes arranged within the furnace section and disposed in substantial contact with each refractory side of the furnace section to cool the same, the tubes in the longitudinal row being arranged in close relation and having their lower ends connected with the substantially horizontal topsection of the header, the tubes in the longitudinal row having their upper ends disposed in two groups having different elevations so that such upper ends are staggered, the upper staggered ends being connected with the water and steam drum, and a bank of upstanding water tubes arranged within the boiler section and connected at their lower ends with the side water headers and at their upper ends with the water and steam drum. Y

6. In a steam boiler, a casing formed of refractory material, said casing including sides, a forward end and a rear end, a baffle arranged within the casing to form therewith a furnace section anda boiler section, an upper central longitudinal water and steam drum extending throughout substantially the entire length of the casing, side headers arranged within the casing and extending throughout substantially its entire length, the side headers being disposed within the lower portion of the furnace section, each header comprising inner and outer substantially vertical sides, the inner side being substantially fiat, a substantially horizontal top section and a substantially horizontal bottom, each header being embedded within the refractory side of the casingand projecting inwardly beyond such side, a grate arranged between the inner substantially iiat faces of the headers,V said headers having a considerably greater transverse vertical dimension than transverse horizontal dimension and projecting above the grate throughout the major portion of their vertical dimensions, a longitudinal row of upstanding water tubes arranged within the furnace section and disposed in substantial contact with each refractory side of the furnace section to cool thesame, the tubes in Y the longitudinalrow being arranged in close relation and having their lower ends connected with the substantially horizontal top section of the header, the alternate tubes in the longitudinal row having their upper ends staggered and connected with the water and steam drum, and a bank of upstanding tubes arranged within the boiler section and connected at their lower ends with the inner substantially vertical sides of the side water headers and at their upper ends with the water and steam drum, the tubes in the bank being spaced sufficient distances apart so that the heated gases will travel through the boiler section without an induced draft. l

7. In a steam boiler, a casing formed .of refractory material, said casing including sides, a forward end and a rear end, a baiile arranged within the casing to form therewith a furnace section and a boiler section, an upper central longitudinal water and steam drum extending throughout substantially the entire length of the casing, side headers arranged within the casing and extending throughout substantially its entire length, the side headers being disposed within the lower portion of the furnace section, each header comprising inner and outer substantially vertical sides, a substantially horizontal top section and a substantially horizontal bottom, each header having a considerably greater vertical transverse dimension than horizontal transverse dimension, each header being embedded within the refractory side of the casing and projecting inwardly beyond such side, a longitudinal row of upstanding water tubes arranged within the furnace section in substantial contact with each refractory side of the furnace section, the tubes in the longitudinal row being arranged in close relation and having their lower ends connected with the substantially horizontal top section of the header, the alternate tubes in the longitudinal row having their upper ends staggered and connected with the water and steam drum, a transverse row of upstanding Iwater tubes arranged within the furnace section and substantially contacting with the forward end of the casing and having their lower ends connected with the inner substantially vertical sides of the side headers and their upper ends connected with the water and steam drum, a transverse row of upstanding water tubes arranged within the furnace section and substantially contacting `with the baille to cool the same and connected at their lower ends with the inner substantially vertical sides of the headers and at their' upper ends with the water and steam drum, and a bank of upstanding tubes arranged within the boiler section and connected at their lower ends with the inner substantially vertical sides of the headers and at their upper ends with the water and steam drum.

8. In a steam boiler, a casing formed of refractory material, said casing including sides, said casing having a furnace section and a boiler section, an upper central longitudinal water and steam drum for the furnace and boiler section, side water headers for the furnace and boiler sections, the side lwater headers being disposed within the lower portion of the furnace and boiler sections, each header comprising inner and outer substantially vertical sides, stay bolts connecting the sides, each header having its inner side uncovered, each header having va considerably greater vertical transverse dimension than horizontal transverse dimension, a longitudinal row of upstanding water tubes arranged within the furnace section in substantial Contact with each refractory side of the furnace section, the tubes in each row having their lower ends connected with the substantially horizontal top of the acljacent side water header and their upper ends connected with the water and steam drum, and a bank of upstanding water tubes in the boiler section, including two groups of such tubes, one group of such tubes having their lower ends connected with the substantially vertical inner side of one side water header and their upper ends connected with the water and steam drum.

9. In a steam boiler, a casing formed of refractory material, said casing including sides, said casing having a furnace section and a boiler section, an upper central longitudinal water and steam drum, side water headers arranged within the casing, each side water header having a substantial vertical dimension and including parallel vertical inner and outer sides, stay bolts connecting the sides, each header having its inner side uncovered, a longitudinal row of upstanding water tubes arranged within the furnace section in contact with each refractory side of the furnace section and having their lower ends connected with the substantially horizontal top of the adjacent header and their upper ends connected with the water and steam drum, an upstanding bank of water tubes within the boiler section having their lower ends connected with the substantially vertical inner faces of the headers and their upper ends with the Water and steam drum, a grate arranged between the substantially vertical inner faces of the headers and having its upper face disposed at approximately the elevation of the bottoms of the headers, and transverse horizontal tubes arranged within the boiler section and connected with the side headers.

WALTER E. TIEMEIER.

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