US2387107A - Double acting, two-cycle diesel engine - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 16, 1945. w. R. APPEMAN Q 2,387,107

I DOUBLE ACTING, TWO-CYCLE DIESEL ENGINE Filed. Nov. 29, 1943 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 570 M6 8 mm 3 INVENTOR:

W. R. APPEM B ATTORNEY 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR;

ATTORNEY W. RAPPEMAN Oct.- 16,1945; w. R. APPEMAN DOUBLE ACTING, TWO-CYCLE DIESEL ENGINE Filed Nov. 29, 1945 8w 8 m n R m w UQM. aw Mm Oct. 16, 1945. w. .R. APPEMAN DOUBLE ACTING, TWO-CYCLE DIESEL ENGINE 4 Shets-Sheet 4 Filed Nov. 29, 1943 INVENTOR W. R. APPEMAN Y QZQZk/ZA ATTORNEY Patented Got. 16, 1945 .UNHTE sr'res v rarest OFFICE.

DOUBLE ACTING, TWO-'CYGLE DIESEL ENGINE Walter R. Appeman, champaigmlll. Application November 29, 194:3,Serial No. 512,170

17 Claims.

Thlsinvention relates'to internal combustion engines of the two-stroke cycle Diesel type, and the improvements herein described undertake to embody in such Diesel engine certain structural -features and'principles ofoperationias are disclosed in my patent numbered 2,335,252,,dated November 30, 1943.

v The main object of the invention is to provide a'double action, two-stroke cycle Diesel type engine, consisting of one or more engine units, each unit comprising a pair of elongate cylinders closed at their ends and mounted together in parallel spaced relation and exact transverse alignment, pistons reciprocably mounted in the ends "of each cylinder and in exact transverse alignment as betweenthe two cylinders of each engine unit, the two pistons of each cylinder being rigidly joined together by piston rods or bars, means for rigidly connecting the two piston rods of each engine unit transversely, so that all four pistons of the unit may reciprocate together, means for operatively connecting the said unitary piston assembly to the crank pin of 'a'icrank shaft, and means on the cylinders and the engine .unit co operating withthe :pistons therein, for simultaneously reproducing in the transversely aligned ends ofv the cylinders of the unit, the conventional phases oftwo-stroke-cycle Diesel engine operation, whereby a power impulse may be imparted to the crankshaft upon each half turn thereof of one hundred and eighty degrees.

Another objectof the invention is to provide in an'engine of the type above referred to, in unitary form, a pair of elongate enginecylinders, closed at their ends and arranged in parallel and spaced relation, the cylinders having openings formed medially through their inner adjacent sides'in the axial plane of the cylinders, pairs of pistons rigidly mounted on the ends of piston rods or bars, and reciprocably seated in the ends of the cylinders inexact transverse alignment, a piston and piston rod carrier, yoke or linkage extended transversely through the said cylinder openings and'rigidly anchored at its ends to the said piston rods to form a unitary piston and rod assembly or unit rigidly connected in all its parts, the said carrier, yoke or linkage thus subtending the space between the pair of cylinders, a drive or thrust arm extended forwardly from the forward side of the said cross-yoke between the cylinders, in the axial plane thereof and in parallel alignment with the piston rods therein, there being a connecting rod fork or yoke at the forward end of the said drive arm adapted for receiving the inner end of a connecting rod, a race-way casing mounted between the forward ends of i the cylinders and into the rear open end'of which the said drive arm is extended, there-being pairs of spaced and parallel track-ways formed or mounted on the opposite inner faces of the sides of-the casing disposed ad'jacentthe two cylinders, the surfaces of the track-ways of each pair, on either side of the race-way being slightly ofi-set from each other, and. extended at each side in parallel planes slightly spaced-apart, the said planes cutting perpendicularly the commonplane of the cylinder axes, a connecting rod operatively journaled at its inner end uponga wrist pin pa'ssed throughthe yoke of the drive arm and at its forward end upon the crank pin of a drive shaft, the'ends of the wrist pin of" the, yoke being extended outwardly thereof, pairs of conventional'roller-ring units rotatably seated upon the extended ends of the wrist pin, the'said-roller-ring units being located; at eachside upon the said track-ways in such manner that upon the reciprocation of; the drive arm in one direction, one set of the rings will rotate imbue-direction and the-other set in the opposite direction, and will rotatereversely as the drive arm moves in the opposite direction, whereby the connecting rod yoke of the drive arm is reciprocably supportedupon the two pairs of roller-ring units for receiving and carryingthe angular thrusts of the connecting rod'from either side of the crank-shaft,- two of'theroller-rings, one at each side-of the race-way having traction only on the track-ways or rails lying in one'plane, and the other two roller-rings one at' each side having traction-only "on the tra'ck ways or rails lying in the other-or o'fi set plane, the cylinders being formed and equipped ateach end thereof co-operatively with the pistons therein forsimultaneously reproducing in the transversely aligned ends of the pair of cylinders, the conventional phases of two-stroke cycle Diesel engine "operation; whereby apower impulse is imparted to the crank-shaft of the engine upon each half turn thereof, or on each reciprocation" of the piston and rod assembly-or unit.

Stil-l'another object oft-he invention is-to provide' in an] internal combustion engine, a unitary; multiple cylinder and piston assembly, comprisinga pair of elongate,- two-part cylinders, the parts of each cylinder being bolted together endwise at their inner, open, axiall aligned'and abut'ted ends, the outer ends'of the cylinder parts being closed and being formed and equipped with air; intake ports and valves, spent gas exhaust ports, and fuel injectors, in accordance with con- 1 in a timing the admission of air and fuel oil into thecombustion chambers of the cylinders with rela tion to the movement of the pistons therein for opening and closing the cylinder exhaust ports, as to simultaneously reproduce, alternately in the transversely aligned cylinder ends, -the several s ems injecting fuel oil through the said injector nozzles at each end alternately and in unison at the ';proper point of air-compression within the cylinder ends of each engine unit, there being exhaust ports leading from the inner ends of the cylinders operative phases of operation of a two cycle Diesel engine, and a connecting rod operatively connecting the saidpiston linkage with the crank of a t crank shafh forcompleting the engine assembly, and-whereby faitwoffold power impulse may be imparted to the crank' shaft upon each oscillation of ,thle saidl piston assembly or unit.

K -$till another object'of this invention is to provide an' eng'ine assembly of the. kind referredto, eornprising frontal and'rear engine casings "horizontally aligned and secured together at their open inner ends, a battery of engine units mounted withinthe casings, each unit comprising a set or" four-cylinder receptacles formed or mounted in pairs within the outer ends of the casings and positioned horizontally one over. the other at each the said receptacles being} thus arranged in both longitudinal and vertical spaced ailgnment and-relation as to'each unit of four receptacles, there being medial openings between or at the inner ends 'of the vertically spaced receptacles of each unitat each end of the unit, steel cylinder shellsjlocked within the receptacles, casings for airdnletportsand theinspring-set valves at the ends of the assembly and therebeing fuel injectornozz les extended through said casings, crank sha ftcasings secured to; the frontal engine cas ing a, crankshaft journaled transversely through the crank -shaft casing forwardly of the cylinders at th at; ,end,: the crank-shaft being. extended transversely of the cylinder ends in a plane passed nedially and horizontally between the cylinders and perpendicularly-to the axial, planes of the cylinder 'units, said crank shaft being formed with cranks and-crank-pins aligned in the "axial planes of thecylinder; unit's, pistons reciprocally mounted within the four cylinder shells of each engine unit of the battery and arranged in exact verticatalignmentat each end of each unit, piston rods rigidly connecting the pistons within each longitudinally spacedpair of pistons 'of each unit, yokes rigidly and vertically connecting the two piston rods of each unit through the said medial openings at the inner ends of the cylinder receptacles, connecting rods operatively connecting at their ends the several cross-yokes of the engine units with theseveral aligned crank-pins Y1 crankshaft-outwardly of oneside of the engine casings; gears on the endsof the cam-shafts at the same side of the casings and aligned with of each engine unit, operatively spaced from the pistons.

With the foregoing objects in view, together with such other and additional objects and advantages as may be developed in the. following specification, attention is directed to the accompanying drawings as embodying certain preferred structural features of the invention, and wherein:

Figure 1 is a pan view of a three-unit engine assembly or battery, showing the three units mounted together side by side within the engine casings and arranged for operating a, common crank-shaft.

Figure 2 is a side elevational view of the assembly of Figure 1, certain interior working and stationary parts of the assembly being indicated in dotted lines.

Figure 3 is a top plan view on an enlarged-scale of an individual engine unit, as located at the left hand side of the assembly as shown in Figure ,1 (the other two units being broken away), including the master gear of the crank-shaft, the camshaft gears and intermediate connecting gear train, for operating the air-inlet valves and fuel oil injectors at the two ends of the assembly.

Figure 4 is a longitudinal section on anen: larged scale, on the line 44 of Figure 1, looking in the direction indicated by the arrow.

Figure 5 is a transverse section on an enlarged scale, on the line 55 of Figure 1, looking for wardly as indicated by the arrow, showing the cylindrical receptacles for the cylinder shells, with the channels provided for the liquid cooling systems, and the race-ways or guide-ways for supporting the ring-roller bearings of the connecting rodyokes, the upper and lower and right hand side portions of the assembly being broken away. 7 1 l Figures 6 and 7 are detail views, partly in, section, showing the method provided forloc'king together the several pistons and piston rods or bars of each engine unit.

Figure 8 is a longitudinal vertical on the line 9+9 of enlarged scale of the cross-yoke, carrier or link-j age, forrigidly connecting a pair of pistons of an engine unit, showing the piston rods and also the,

, Figure 11 is a cross-section on the line l lj ll of Figure 10.

l section along and through one side of the special form o'f The, drawings show a three-unit; double actin two-stroke cycle Diesel; engine assembly, as mounted .within a; suitable form ;.of casings: ;in operative -relation, ;an d wherein-is. presented ,,a preferred exemplification of the. principles. of this invention.

As shown in the; drawings; this three-unitessembly, here represented generally as, units A,".B, and C,: is disposed horizontally for the. purposes Of-deScription, and; the. unit is represented ,as a whole; by the numeral 5. Obviously .anydesired numberof such engine. units may. be; assembled insirnilar unitary, form.

,This three-unit. assembly .is housed ,or. incased ina suitable housing or casing whioh;,comprises. as here shown, a frontal engine-casing 6, a rear engine casing: I, frontaland rear, valve, and air-port .casings 8 and19, and frontal crankand cam-shaft casings H! and II, all aligned and abuttedtogether in operative relation as shown. The engine casings .6 and l entirely encompass the three engine units-A, B, C, at top, bottomand sides, but not at the ends thereof, the ends being providedfor by the end casings 8,- 9, I0, I I, in manner later to be pointed out. Interiorly of the casings 6 and. 1, preferably .forrned integrally therewith but in any event supported therefrom, are the vertical and longitudinally extended Webs 6a,..la, equally spaced. from thesides of thepcasings and from each other, so as to divide the interior of the casings into three longitudinally extended compartments for receiving ,the elements of. the three engine .units A,-B, C. .Within thenouter ends vof each of these compartments,- frontand rear, are mounted or integrally formed therewith, sets of four cylinder receptacles or chambers, .to-wit: receptacles I2, I20, and I3, Ida for the engine unit A; receptacles l4, .Hla-and I5, l5a for the engineunit B; and receptacles I6, I 8a and I7, Ha for the uni-t C. These. cylinder receptacles or chambers of each engine unit, are arranged in pairs and in spaced relation and alignment'both longitudinally and vertically, as represented at l2-|2a=and |3 l3a for the longitudinal-and axially spaced alignment of the upper and lower receptacles of the unit A, andas represented -at l2 l3, and l2al3a for the Vertical and spaced-alignment of the frontal and rear receptacles of theunit A. Similar. disposition and arrangement is made as to the. receptacles- |4I4a, l5l5a of the unit B, and the receptacles [Ii-Isa, 11-410, of the unit 0. The described cylinder receptacles are formed attheir outer ends with conventional annular channelways 18 for liquid cooling of the units, and outwardly'of these channel-ways the cylinder receptacles are notched annularly around their outer ends to provide the annular shoulders as indicated at IQ for a purpose to be described. At the top and bottom of the engine casings 6 and I, or through the upper and lowersides of the cylinder receptacles of each engine unit, in proper position and alignment relative tothe inner ends of the receptacles for the purposes andfunctions ofthe engine, exhaust ports 20 are formed, immediately inward of the channel-ways l 8, and which exhaust ports lead into the exhaust manifolds 2 I.

The inner ends of the cylinder receptacles of each engine unit within the rear engine casing l, are subtended and supported by the webs'lb, and the'inner-ends'of the cylinder receptacles within the forward engine casing-6 are reinforced by the .webs 6b, and whichare cut away medially to formthe drive-arm openings ,or clearances 60. Ste l .crlinder .o py nd r shells 2.5, 35 1. an r .ton rods 28.

equal length; anddiameter, and openat both. ends, are ,firmly seated vwithin all of the cylinder receptacles :as. described, Ibeing xpressed .thereintothrough thexouterends of the receptacles. -,The

outer ends-ofthese cylinders, 25,, 25a are turned perpendicularly outward to. form the 1 annular flanges-25b. adapted to snugly seat Within the described annular notches and. against the shoulders 19 at the. outer ends of :the receptacles.

These cylinders"25,.[2.5a.are all, formedwith exhaust ports 26, which. are adapted to register with the exhaustportsflfl of the cylinder receptacles when thecylinders are. properly seated therein.

Andras thesecylindersor cylinder shells are thus forced into their receptacles,= their inner ends close over- .the. channel-ways, l8 ofthe receptacles, thus completing the said channel-ways.

-Within thefourcylinder-shells ofueach of the three engineunitsA B, C, thereare reciprocably :mounted' four pistons 21, 2.7a, the same being formed with relatively short skirts as shown, andwith the conventional. grooves :for receiving piston rings. These-pistons are-rigidly mounted in longitudinally. extended pairs upon the ends of piston rods28, allof equal rlengthand preferably of I-bearn structure in cross-section for the sake of strength and lightness, and are of"cantilever formation fromend to end, as shown in Figure: 10. As stated the pistons are all formed with relatively short skirts, and may be provided at their inner sides .with-the inwardly extended tongues 27b, arcuate in cross section to conform with the curvature of F the cylinder shells, and which tongues are arranged and adaptedhfor' slidably -and'alternately at each end of the engine units,

closing the exhaust ports of the unit, for preventing the back-fiow of exhaust gasses into the cylinders. The outer faces of the pistons may have welded thereonto, fire plates 210, of any suitable metalxforathe purpose andbest adapted to "resist the high temperatures incident to the operation of such an engine; The pistons 21, 21a, are formed. within their skirts With the integral cups or hollowbosses' 21rd adapted tosnugly receive the reduced and rounded extremities 28a ofthe'piston rods28. The shoulders of the rods immediately .backof the extremities 28a are also rounded to the same diameter as the outer diameters vof the bossesZld, and these shoulders are threaded as shown at 281) .while the outer sides of the bosses themselves are reversely threaded as shown at 27c. Locking rings or collars 29 are provided, of equal inner diameter with the outer diameter of the threaded shoulders 28b of the pis- The collars 29 are threaded interiorly and reversely from each side, as indicated atZQa; 29b, to mesh with the threads 21c of the hollow bosses 21d and the threads 2% of the piston rodsEB. Then by threading these collars first half-Way upon thethollow bosses and then threading the ends of the rods reversely down into the remaining or open portions of the collars, the elements may be firmly 1 locked together. Small holes 290 are pierced through the collars 29,

spacedapart to include the threading both of the ing the elements against unturning.

Cross-yokes or links-3|,forrned with the open and angularly divergent branches (Ha at their ends, are -by these slanting and divergently branched ends integrally connected or welded to ,the pairsof pistonrods' 28 within each engine A; B, G; respectively.These race-ways are are provided at each side with pairs of guideways or track-Ways fil ia, and 52 52c, which extend along the upper andlo'wer sides of the race-ways in parallelism with the lines of reciprocation of the yokes 3!. The surfaces of these track-waysat top and bottom sides of theraceways are slightly offset from each other in par-- allel horizontal planes slightly spaced apart,'w1th the vertical spacings between the upper and lower and vertically aligned track-ways exactly equal.

The vertical spacing between the 'upper and lower track-ways is accurately gauged so as to nicely receive between them the described rollerring assemblies or yoke carriers, in such manner that ateach side of each race way, one of the adjacent roller-rings will have traction on one of the tracks at that side, while its companion roller-ring hastra'ction only on the track extended along the opposite side'or" the race-way andlying adjacent to the track :upon which the other roller-ring has traction' This arrangement is shown in Figure 9, where the inner rollerring 53 is shown as havingtraction only on the upper track-ways iii, while the outer rollerring 53a is shown as having traction only on the lower track-wa s 62a. 'The arrangement is further shown in Figure 51 Thus on the reciprocation of'the yokes 59a. one set of the rollerrings will rotate clock-wise while the other set rotates anti-clockwise. Bythis arrangement" it is apparent that the angular thrusts of the con- -necting rods at either side of'the' crank-shaft will be received and carried by a set of the'r'ollerrings, in comparatively frictionlessmanner.

A relatively wide, master spur-gear 64 is keyed upon the extended end of the crank-shaft at'the left-hand side of the assembled *and'encased three-unit engine as described, and spur-gears B5, 66, of equal diameter with each other and with the master gear 6d, are keyed upon the opposite ends of the frontal cam- shaft 32, 43, and placed in mesh with the master gear 64 at the upper and lower sides'the'reof. Similar spur gears 5?, E8, of equal diameter with the gears 55, 68, are keyed upon the ends of the cam- shafts 42, 43, at the rear end of the assembly. A train 'of'intermediate'intermeshing gears 69, iii, "H, 172-, 13, operativelyconnects the master gear {i l with therear cam-shaft gears 67, 58. For this purpose the forward gear 69 is of equal diameter with the several cani- shaftigears 65, 66,61, 68, so that with the gear 69 in mesh with the master gear -64 as shown, and the rear gear is in mesh-with both of the cam-shaft gears til, and them- No special forms. of air compressors orblowers theirlower sides for providingthe' oil' 22., As heretofore indicated, the engine casings' 6 and 1 and the contained cylinder-receptacles mQ lhted therein as described; are separated as to' the frontal and rear' ends of the assembly on a'tra'nsmixture,'forcing the pistons atthatend'ov verse vertical plane as indicated by'theline in the drawings. 'Ihisarrangernent ia'ciliit'ates'for makes possible the proper assembling orth, pistons'andpiston-rod and cross yoke units;b the stated method of separating 'the'casin gs 6 and 1 for such purpose, inserting" the said 1 units and then bolting the casings togetherqinjr'na pointed out. 'Any conventional, means ma employed for circulatingthecooling liguid I ployed through the "channel-ways lfi. hik wise any conventionar'starting apparatus maybe used. In operation compressed airarid oil under,'pres sure, or other combustible in pulverized for employed. Both -'cylinders of. each engine fire simultaneously and build upic ompressionin the two opposite cylinders of that unit, and the units in turn thus operate in succession. or' rotation due to the fact; that their cranks are paced one hundred and twentydegrees 'apar around the crank-shaft. The compression rati willbe about fourteen toone. Combustion pressure on one'end of eachunit works againstgcompression on the opposite 'end,'thus providing easy and smooth running action. At the proper ah'dpredetermined angular, position of eafc pf'th'e'tliree cranks of the three engine unitsilAjB, C; inf succession; at either side of the crank=shaft,; a ,c'am On a cam-shaft operates in conventional nanner the plunger of a fuel injector, and oil under predetermined pressure is inje cted' through lithe nozzle ports of 'the injector into thejcoinbustion chambers just as the pistons ha-ve compressed air thereintotothe required degree.' The-heat of compression then explodes this combustible 'to the opposite end of the engineunit, andin urn compressing the air charge-s'as drawn thereinto through the air-ports',' and which airch'argesj are then oil-charged and exploded in ,turn, ,in,tiined succession as to each engine unit. Thus in each engine unit two power strokes aredeliveredto the; crank-shaft on each completejrevolution thereof, or for the. three engine, units, power stroke is imparted at every. sixty angular degrees of crank-shaftrotation. Simultaneously and as the several pistons move inwardly, they uncover their exhaust ports and thespent'gassesIot'combustion pass out therethrough, the described tongues of thepistons preventing the back-flow of gasses into the cylinders. I Simultaneously with the exhaust phases andin-succes'sion' as between the three units, thecams on the carnshafts operate the air-inletvalves andradmit c ompressyedair into the cylinders which have just fired: and which expanding downward efiectually-scaveng'es the spent gasses of combustion-throughthef'exhaust ports, just prior to the reverse reciprocations of the pistons." As amatter ofcourse the most desirable metals or metal alloys'would be employed inthe c'onstruction'of these engines, according to 'the purposes and functionsdesigned tob'eserv'ed. T T

-While I have here shown and describecl certain embodiments of the invention and specific-structural featuresthereof, these structural features "a'nddstails may be changed or alteredjwithin-the scopeofthe claims -m,;; 4 n

Iclaim:

1. In an-intemal combustionengineof the two cycle Diesel type, a'pair of elongate cylinders closed at their ends and mounted together side by side in parallel and spaced relation, the-cylinders being slotted medially and longitudinally alongtheir inner adjacent sides in their common axial plane, a pair of pistons reciprocally mounted in the ends of each cylinderin exact transverse alignment, a piston rod extended medially and axially within each cylinder andrigidlycon- 3 nected at its ends with the said pistons, -and a yoke spanning thespace between the'cylinders,

extended transversely and slidably through the at its ends within the cylinders medially to the piston rods, the yoke being less in width than the length of the cylinder slots for permitting reciprocation of the pistons within the cylinders, the

said yoke beingfornied with openand angularly "divergent branches atit's ends-and thereatintegrally connected or. welded to'the piston rods within the cylinders, whereby the piston rods and I connecting yoke form an, 'essentially integral structure and ehest'ad'apted for strength and; the

radiation of heat for-lessening radial expansion.

2. In an assembly according to claim 1, the said cylinders being formed'and equipped withair intake ports, exhaust ports, fuel injector ports and devices, valves and timing devices, for operating the unit in accordance with conventional Diesel enginep'ractice. I g

i 3. In an assembly according, to claim 1, a crank T shaft journaledmedially and transversely at the forward end of thecylind'ers, perpendicularly to f the planeof theaxes of the cylinders; and-a connecting rodidisposed between the forward ends of the 1cylinders and operatively connected at its ends to" the piston mayor andto the crank of the crank-shaft, the said cylinders being formed and equipped with air intake ports; exhaust ports,

fuel injector ports, valves and timing devices-for 'operating the dualecylinder; engine-unit in accordance with conventional two-cycle Dieselenginepractice, and'wherebya two-fold power impulse may be impartedfto the crank-shaft upon each half-turn thereof. a In an internalcombustion engine of the two- 'cycle Diesel type, a oairof two-part, elongate cy inders, closed atone end ,and-open' at the oppositeend the cylinder p'arts'being rigidly but demountably, anchored together inexact longitudinal and axialjalignment at'fltheir inner open and abuttedjends, the pair. of-I two-part cylinders being rigidly mounted together; side by side in exact, spaced and parallelfalignment with their axes lying in. a common'plah, said cylinders being 7 slotted mediallyand longitudinally. along", their inner adjacent sides in their common'axial plane, pairs pf I pistons 'recipifocatingly mounted within f the ende of the two-part fl cylinders and arran god "in exact trafisve'nse alignment at between the cylin'ders,"axiallyfextended' piston rises Withinthe -cylinder's. and ri'gidly eo'nhected their ends 'to -the;:s'aid pistons, cross-linkage extended-' freely r-through the said-cylinder slots'and rigidly joined at its ends within thecylinders medially tfthe piston rods, whereby the piston androd' as's'embly may reciprocateas aunit, the: said cross-linkage said cylinderslots at each side and rigidly joined 7 being of open work structure forfthe' sa e 'of strengthand heatrad-iation, and forming with the connected piston rods an essential integral structure.

' 5. In an engine assembly according to claim 4, -the-said two-part cylinders and transversely aligned pistons therein being cooperatively formed and equipped, arranged and controlled asto each cylinder part, for alternate and simultaneous two-cycle Diesel engine action in the transversely aligned cylinder ends.

- 6. In an engine assembly according torclaim 4, a crank shaft journalled medially and transversely at the forward end of the-cylinder assembly, perpendicularly to the common plane of the axes thereof, a thrust'or drive arm medially and rigidly extendedfrom the said cross-linkageof *the piston rods, forwardly between the spaced cylinders and arranged to reciprocate longitudinally in the axial plane thereof, a race-way sup- 'ported between the forward ends of the cylinders and extended longitudinally thereof along their inner adjacent sides, and within which race-way the thrust or drive arm is reciprocably supported,

I and a connecting rod extended between the'forward ends of the cylinders and operatively connected at its ends to the forward end of the thrust or drive arm and to the crank of the crank shaft.

' 7. In an engine assembly according to claim 4, a crank-shaft journalled medially and transversely at'the forward end of the cylinder assembly, perpendicularly to the common plane of the axes thereof, a drive arm medially and rigidly extended from the said cross-linkage of the piston rods, forwardly between the spaced cylinders and arranged to reciprocate longitudinally in the axial plane thereof, a race-way supported between the forward ends of the cylinders and within which the drive arm is reciprocably supported, a connecting rod extended between the forward ends of the cylinders and operatively connected atits ends to the forward end of the drive arm and to the crank of the crankshaft, the said twopart cylinders beingformed and equipped at their transversely aligned ends for simultaneous, twocycle Diesel-type engine action.

8. In a double-action, two-cycle engine assembly, a pair of two-part cylinders demountably asthere being a cross-yoke clearance space provided at the inner ends of the cylinders for receiving a cross-yoke rigidly connecting a pair of pistonrods extended axially through the inner open ends of the cylinders and supportin at theirends transversely aligned pistons, whereby the pistons,

r piston rods and cross-yoke may reciprocate as a unit, the said cross-yoke being formed with open and angularly divergent branches at its ends and 'thereat integrally connected or welded to the piston rods within the cylinders, thereby forming with the rods an integral structure best adapted for strength and heat radiation.

9. In an engine assembly according to claim 8.

' transversely aligned pistons reciprocably seated in the cylinder ends and rigidly connected by piston rods, a cross-yoke rigidly and transversely connecting the piston'rods through the said crossyoke clearance space, a drive-arm extendedforwardly from the cross-yoke between the cylinders, and means at the outer closed :ends of the cylinders for simultaneously introducing and exploding in transversely alignedcylinder' ends-and alternately as between the ends of the engine unit, fuel charges within the combustion chambers of transversely aligned pairs of cylinders.

10. In a double-action, two-cycle engine assembly, a pair of two-part cylinders demountably assembled in parallel, spaced relation, in exact transverse alignment and in axial alignment as to the parts of each cylinder, the outer ends of the cylinders being closed to provide combustion chambers thereat, the inner ends being open, and there being a cross-yoke clearance space provided at the inner ends of the cylinders for receiving a cross-yoke, transversely aligned pistons reciprocably seated in the cylinder ends and rigidly connected by piston-rods, a cross-yoke transversely and rigidly connecting the piston rods through the cross-yoke clearance spa a d arm extended from the cross-yoke forwardly between the cylinders, and means at the outer ends of the cylinders for introducing and exploding, simultaneously as to the transversely aligned cylinder ends and alternately as to the opposite ends of the engine unit, fuel charges within the combustion chambers of the cylinders, the said crossyoke being of open work structure flatly extended of the race-way and being extended upon opposite sides thereof adjacently the cylinders, the said wrist-pin being outwardly extended at its ends, and pairs of roller-ring bearings mounted on the extended ends of the wrist-pin of the yoke, one pair of the roller-rings having traction on one pair of the track-ways and the other pair of roller-rings having traction on the other pair of track-ways.

12. In an engine assembly according to claim 8, separate casings for supporting the cylinder parts at each end of the assembly, these parts being arran ed therein for longitudinal alignment when the casings are assembled end to end, and means for releasably securing the casings together in proper relation.

13. 'In an engine assembly of the kind described, a pair of engine casings adapted for aligmnent end to end to complete the engine housing, pairs of cylinder receptacles mounted in each casing in equal parallel spaced relation, in exact transverse alignment as to the receptacles of each casing, and so that when the casings are aligned end to end, the said receptacles -will align vertically as to the receptacles of each casing and axially as to the receptacles of the two casings, there being a clearance between the inner ends of the receptacles at their adjacent sides, when the casings are thus aligned, and means for releasably locking the casings together in alignment.

14. In an assembly according to claim 13, cylinder shells seated within the outer ends of the said receptacles, pistons reciprocably mounted within the cylinder shells in exact transverse alignment as to the cylinder shells of each casll'lg, piston rods extended axially through the inner open ends of the longitudinally aligned cylinder shells and rigidly joined at their ends to the pistons therein, a cross-yoke transversely and rigidly connecting the piston rods through the clearance space at the inner ends of the receptacles, a drive arm extended forwardly from the cross-yoke between the cylinders and provided at its forward end with a connecting rod yoke, a race-way mounted between the frontal cylinder receptacles and arranged to receive and support the said cross-yoke in its oscillations, a crank shaft journaled transversely and intermediately of the frontal end of the assembly, a connecting rod operatively connecting the crank of the crank-shaft with the yoke'of the drive arm, and means at the outer ends of the cylinder shells for introducing and exploding, simultaneously as to the transversely aligned cylinder ends and alternately as to the opposite ends of the engine unit, fuel charges within the outer ends of the cylinder shells as compressed therein by the pistons, said means being operated and controlled by the crank-shaft.

15. In an engine assembly of the kind described, a two-part housing for the engine parts, comprising a pair of casings for alignment end to end for completing the housing, each casing having pairs of cylinder receptacles arranged therein in equal parallel and spaced alignment and adapted to align axially with each other when the casings are turned together endwise.

'16. In a race-way for receiving the drive-arm and connecting rod yoke of a dual-cylinder engine assembly the cylinders being spaced apart in transverse alignment, and the drive arm bein extended forwardly between the cylinders from a cross-yoke connecting piston rods within the two cylinders, a race-way housing mounted between the cylinders and chambered out rectangularly in a cross-section cutting the drive-arm perpendicularly, pairs of ofi-set track-ways extended along opposite sides of the race-way chamber adjacent to the cylinders, a wrist pin seated through the forks of the connecting rod yoke and extended laterally at each side thereof, and pairs of roller-ring bearings mounted on the extended ends of the wrist pin, one set of the roller-rings having traction only on one pair of the track-ways at one side of the race-way chamber and the other set of roller-rings having traction only on the opposite pair of track-ways.

17. In a device according to claim 16, the said race-Way housing being of two-part structure and the parts thereof being adjustably locked together by means of set-screws, whereby the tracks of the race-way may be adjusted to the roller-ring assemblies or bearings of the wrist pin carrying the connecting rod yoke.

WALTER R. APPEMAN.

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