US2373571A - Firebox and combustion chamber construction - Google Patents

Description

April 10, 1945. H. A. LACERDA FIRE-BOX AND COMBUSTION CHAMBER CONSTRUCTION 3 ShetS-Sheet 1 Filed Oct. 20, 1945 ikrr BY A ril 10, 1945. H. A. LACERDA 2,373,571

7 FIRE-BOX AND COMBUSTION CHAMBER CONSTRUCTION Filed Oct. 20', 1945 s Sheets-SheecLZ 0 O O O O O O O O 0 0202020 0 0 0 0 0 0 020:3020

oo o o o o o o o o o o o 0 O OGOOOGOOQGOOQOOOO OO O O O O O O INVENTOR. J-[arW/Zliacercia April 10 1945. H. A. LACERi JA FIRE-BOX AND COMBUSTION CHAMBER CONSTRUCTION 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Oct. 20, 1945 INVENTOR. Heavy/J2. Zacerdca fifiornqfs Patented Apr. 10, 1945 FIREBOX AND COMBUSTION O l-[AMBER GONSTRUCTION Harry A. Lacerda, Green Island, N. Y.

Original application November 1, 1940, Serial No. 363,905. Divided and this application October 20. 1943, Serial No. 506,936

2 Claims.

This invention relates to improved fire-box and combustion chamber construction'and particularly to constructions of this character for use in connection with locomotives, the subject matter being a division of my'co-pending application, Serial No. 363,905, filed November 1, 1940, now Patent 2,335,152, dated November 23, 1943.

It is a, particular object of the invention to provide an eflicient economical fire-box and combustion chamber construction in which cinder cutting of the wrapper,- crown and tube sheets and clogging of the tubes and tube sheet is reduced to a minimum. I

A further object is the provision of an improved baiile wallfor the combustion chamber to prevent or'minimize clogging of the tubes and cinder cutting of the tube sheet, wrapper sheet, and tubes,

Another object is.the provision of an improved deflector above the fire-box door hole which deflects the coal downwardly into the fire-box thereby protecting the crown sheet from cinder cutting and preventing the flue holes from clogging and at the same time causing increased efiiciencyincombustion V Another object'of the invention is to provide in conjunction with a fire-box andv a combustion chamber a brick arch, 'baflie wall and/or a deflector plate constructed and arranged to. assure-directflow ofthe fuel from the door hole into the fire-bed under said arch at the rear of the latter, to thereby imprison the turbulence and to retard the gases in the fire-box regardless of the draught at various speeds of the locomotive, and also to keep cinders and slag from traveling over the arch to the tube sheet and'tubes to eliminate cinder cutting of these parts.

For a fuller understanding of the invention, reference should be had to the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view through the. fire-box and combustion. chamber and a portion of the boiler of a locomotive illustrating one embodiment of my invention;

Fig. 2'is a sectional view in the direction of the arrows onthe line 29-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view in the direction of the-arrows on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a top plan view of a portion brick arch y s Fig. 5 is a sectional view in the direction of the arrows on the line 5--5 of Fig. 4; 1 Fig, 6 is a perspective view of one of the bricks employed'in the brick arch; 1

- Fig. (is a perspective view of one of the bricks of the used in the top row or course of the brick arch;

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of one of the bricks used in my improved baflle wall; I

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a T-iron that may be used in fastening the baflle wall in position;

Fig. 10 is a view in elevation of a modification of the baflie wall in which the baffle wall is extended completely around the wrapper sheet of the combustion chamber;

Fig. 11 is a sectional view on the line 11- of Fig. 10; a

Fig. 12 is a perspective View of the channel iron that may be used in holding the vertical and inverted portions of the baflie wall in position;

Fig. 13 is a view of a modified form of brick arch construction which is used in connection with a straight flue sheet;

Fig. 14 is an enlarged sectional viewof my improved deflector plate with the associated portion of the firebox door hole; and

Fig. 15 is a front elevation of the deflector plate.

My improved fire-box and combustion chamber construction is particularly suitable for use in connection with locomotives and is so illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Thus it will be seen that I have shown a portion of a boiler 16 of a conventional locomotive which is provided with a fire-box I1 and combustion chamber l8'surrounded by a suitable sheet or wrapper [9. The entrance to the fire-box consists of a conventional type of fire-box door hole 20 and fuel consisting of a relatively finely divided coal is fed through the door hole by means of a conventional automatic stoker 2|. Extending across the bottom of the door hole opening and projecting inwardly into the fire-box is a distributor plate 22 which is hollow as shown and is provided with a series of jets 23 through which live steam is forced. The live steam is introduced into the inside of the distributor plate by means of asuitable tube 24 connected to the boiler.

The outlet end of the combustion chamber is provided with a flue or tube sheet 25 to which the ends of a series of tubes or flues 2B are connected. The water in the boiler surrounds the flues or tubes and also the wrapper or sheet of the combustion chamber and fire-box. Extending across the fire-box longitudinally thereof at an angle are a series of arch tubes 21 which are of the usual arcuate shape and communicate at both ends with the boiler.

The combustion chamber, fire-box, and boiler improved bafile wall 3| formed in the combustion,

chamber.

The deflector plate 28 may be formed in one or more pieces and is preferably-arcuate in form curving downwardly into the fire-box and has a plurality of jets through which live steam is C forced. In the form illustrated in the accompanying drawings particularly Figs. 1, 14 and 15 the deflector plate is a unitary casting having a basemember 32 with apertures 33 to receive studs 34 for attaching the plate to the wrapper or sheet of the fire-box immediately above the door hole. Supported from the base member 32 is'a hollow casting 35 which is arcuate curving downwardly in the manner shown and is preferably provided with external ribs 36. A tube 3'|.leading from the boiler communicates with the interior of the casting 35 80.21.55 toprovide live steam which is emittedin jet. form through the orifices 38 at the opposite end of the casting. Refractory material may be applied over the base 32: in the manner indicated at 39.

- The deflector plate serves several diiferent purposes. Thus it directs the particles of coal downwardly so as to prevent them from impinging against the crown sheet and cutting it at. thesame time causing more complete combustion of the coal. The fuel is directed by the plate .28 to flowdownwardly into the fire-bed under the brick arch 29 toward the rear of the latter, thereby confining the turbulence and retarding the gases. Fuel particles being introduced through the door will not pass directly from the holeover the brick arch by the draught. Also it results in reduced smoke and in a brighter fire'.'- Since the-deflector platealso serves to prevent the coal from burning on the distributing plate, thelife of. the distributing plate is materially; increased.

I My improved brick arch which is shown more clearly in Figs. 1, 2 and 4-7 comprises a plurality of-bricks and 30" supported on the arch tubes 21. The bricks are made of suitable refractory material and are transversely arcuate and of sufficient width to extend between the tubes 21 and be supported thereby as shown in Figs. 2 and 5. The bricks are placed end to end on the tubes}? with the convex side-towards the top and the concave side towards. the bottom, thereby forming an arch extending completely across thefire-box. Since no tubes are provided at the extreme sides. of the fire-box, I provide suitable means inthe form of. studs 40 for supporting the rows of bricks on the two sides of the fire-box.

Referring more specifically to the bricks indicated by the numeral 30, it will be seen that they are provided with diagonally extending ribs 4| and. 42 on the upper and lower surfaces respectively of thebricks andextending between opposite corners. The side edges of the bricks 3||v are'cut away and. curved in. the manner indicated at 43 so as to receive the arch tubes 21. The bricks 30 are so arranged. :that the ribs 4| and 42 ineach longitudinal row are in parallel the forward ends of the bricks.

relationship. In a transverse direction the ribs of adjacent bricks are arranged in opposite relationship as shown more clearly in Figs. 2, 4 and 5.

\ The bricks 30' are formed with diagonal ribs 42 on their lower concave surfaces. However, instead of the diagonal rib 4| on the upper surface, I provide the bricks 30 with transverse ribs 44 which project upwardly at an angle at The bricks 30 are used to form the uppermost transversely extending row as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 while the bricks 30 are used to form the remainder of the brick arch with the exception of a row of plain bricks 30" which may be used across .the base of the arch in the manner shown.

Due to the fact that the bricks are transversely arcuate they may expand when they are heated without distorting or damaging the arch tubes. The diagonal arrangement of the ribs 4| and 42 also permits the same result. The ribs 4|, 42 and. 44 serve as bafiles against which cinders and incompletely combusted particles of fuel impinge. When the force of the particles which engage the lower ribs 42 is broken in this manner they are caused by gravity to fall downwardl on to the fire bed Where they have an opportunity to be completely burned. Also the impingement causes the particles to break into smaller particles. The ribs 4| onv the upper surface serve to trap the particles and to break them into smaller particles. Rib-44 also serves to imprison the cinders and other particles to break them up into small particles and to cause many of them to fall downwardly onto the fire bed. These ribs also serve to induce a better vacuum for combustion.

The baffle wall which is indicated by the numeral 3| is shown more clearly in Figs. 1, and 8-11 and is formed of a. series of bricks 45 made of suitable refractor material and having an upper surface which is convex from front to back and concave from end to end. The entire brick is curved from end to end to conform with the curvature of the sheet or wrapper |9 in the combustion chamber. In the small baflle wall shown in Figs. 1, 8 and 19 in which the baflie wall only extends across the lower portion of the combustion chamber the bricks may be held in position by means of T-irons 46 which are spot-welded to the wrapper or sheet. I The bricks are provided with inverted T-shape slots 41 to accommodate the T-irons and are attached thereto by means or fire clay.

If desired, the baflle .wall 3| may be extended completely around the combustion chamber in the manner indicated in Fig. 10 so that a portion of the wall is in inverted position. When this type of Wall is employed I prefer to hold the inverted and vertically disposed bricks in position by means of channel irons 48 which are spot-welded to the sheet'or wrapper and'interengaged with complementary slots 49 formed in the bricks. In this form of brick, fire clay may also be used to attach the brick to-the angleirons.

Bafile wall 3| is only employedin that type of construction where the fire-box is provided with a combustion chamber I 8. In the form of construction shown in Fig. 13' where the fire-box is provided with a straight tube sheet extending upwardly at the forward end of the archytubes 2! as indicated at 50, I do not employ a bafile wall 3| but instead I provide the brick'arch with a transverse baflle extending across theupper surface thereof a short distance in front of the tube sheet. This may be accomplished by substituting for the bricks 30 in one of the lower transverse rows of bricks the bricks '30 which have ribs 44 extending upwardly from the front thereof. In the term illustrated in Fig. 13 the second transversely extending row of bricks is formed of bricks 30 whereby a transverse baflie' wall is formed bythe ribs 44.

The baflie wall 3 i in the first form of my invention and the transverse baffle formed by the ribs 44 in the form of my invention shown in Fig. 13 serves to prevent cinders and other particles from impinging against the tube sheets and tubes thereby protecting them from cinder cutting and clogging. Particles engaging the transverse bafiie are broken into smaller particles or are imprisoned in front of the baflle.

From the foregoing it will be appreciated that I have provided improved fire-box and combustion chamber construction consisting of an improved deflector plate, improved arch bricks and an improved baflie wall which results in more complete combustion, the elimination of or substantial reduction in cinder cutting and'in the prevention of clogging of the tube sheet and tubes.

It should be understood, of course, that many modifications may be made in the illustrated and described embodiments of my invention. As for instance the deflector plate 28 may be supported by the stoker rather than from the firebox wrapper door sheet. Also in certain instances, such as an oil burner where no brick the combustion chamber.

arch is employed, the arch bricks may be used as a lining for the-fire-box sheet.

I claim:

1. The combination with a fire-box and com- 5 bustion chamber in which the latter has a wrapper sheet and a tube sheet, of an arch extending within the combustion chamber to form a top wall for the fire-box and to form with the wrapper sheet a bottom wall for the combustion cham- 10 ber with an opening establishing communication between the fire-box and the combustion chamber, and a bafile wall on the wrapper sheet extending upwardly within the combustion chamber in spaced relation to the tube sheet and the 5 arch and in spaced relation to the top of the combustion chamber. I

2. The combination with a fire-box and combustion chamber in which the fire-box has an opening for introducing fuel into the fire-box and 20 in which the combustion chamber has a wrapper HARRY A. LACERDA.

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