US2367295A - Electron discharge device - Google Patents

Electron discharge device Download PDF

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Publication number
US2367295A
US2367295A US335660A US33566040A US2367295A US 2367295 A US2367295 A US 2367295A US 335660 A US335660 A US 335660A US 33566040 A US33566040 A US 33566040A US 2367295 A US2367295 A US 2367295A
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guide
wave
electron
electrons
stream
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US335660A
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Frederick B Llewellyn
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AT&T Corp
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Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
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Priority to FR957330D priority Critical patent/FR957330A/fr
Priority to NL62806D priority patent/NL62806C/xx
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US335660A priority patent/US2367295A/en
Priority to GB6217/41A priority patent/GB564890A/en
Priority to DEW723D priority patent/DE970149C/de
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Publication of US2367295A publication Critical patent/US2367295A/en
Priority to CH275950D priority patent/CH275950A/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
    • H01J25/12—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator with pencil-like electron stream in the axis of the resonators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
    • H01J25/36—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and without magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
    • H01J25/36—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and without magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/38—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and without magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field the forward travelling wave being utilised

Definitions

  • FIG. /0
  • This invention relates to resonant wave guide circuits employing electron discharge apparatus for amplification and oscillation production.
  • a general object of the invention is to secure a useful cooperative relation between the alternating electric field within the guide and electrons traversing that field.
  • the relation may be either such that energy is delivered by the mov-- ing electrons to the electric field or such that the field exerts forces to control the moving electrons for the purpose of producing amplified oscillations corresponding to those producing the controlling field.
  • the electron path follows that of the electric wave in the guide and the wave-length of the electric field is made to be so related to the electron velocity that the electrons traverse a half wave-length in the guide in a half cycle and may therefore be subjected to similar retarding or accelerating forces contnuously over a whole or several wave-lengths in the guide.
  • the wave guide is made to follow a path which is coincident with the electron path only at desired consecutive points of interaction where the electrons are caused to traverse the electric field in the guide, the distance between these points of interaction being greater through the guide than along the electron path so relating the wave propagation time and the electron transit time that the electrons remain in substantially the same phase in successive transits of the field in the gu de.
  • Fig. 1 shows the-use in a resonant wave guide of material with a high dielectric constant for the purpose of keeping the velocity of wave propagation sufiiciently low to be comparable with the velocity of an electron stream from which high frequency energy s to be derived;
  • Fig. 2 shows a transverse section of one of the wave guide portions of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 shows the use of apertured conducting bafiles each partially closing the wave guide for the purpose of reducing the velocity of wave propagation and the physical length required for a given number of wave-lengths of field within the guide;
  • Fig. 4 shows a transverse section of Fig. 3
  • Fig. 5 shows a folded wave guide with a stream of electrons directed to pass through it transversely at a number of consecutive points such that an electron encounters the same field phase condition at each point;
  • Fig. 6 shows a transverse section of Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 shows a variation of Fig. 5 wherein the folds of wave guide are very close together
  • Fig. 8 shows a transverse section of Fig. 7
  • Fig. 9 shows a method of improving the structure of Fig. 7 by adding shielding for portions of the electron path
  • Fig. 10 shows a modification of Fig. 5. which is applicable also to Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and Fig. 7, to permit self-oscillation in the circuits;
  • Fig. 11 shows a variation of the structure of Fig. 5 and, in addition, a means of compensating for changes in the average velocity of the electron stream.
  • Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are shown an amplifier arrangement using two portions of resonant wave guide, I and 2, in which the dielectric is a material having a high dielectric constant.
  • the purpose of employing material with a high dielectric constant, rather than air I'or instance, is to obtain a relatively low velocity of wave propagation through the guide so that the standing wave pattern produced by the electromagnetic field within the guide may have a wavelength sufliciently short that electrons can be made to travel with sufiicient velocity to traverse a half wave-length during the period of one-half cycle, thus matching the phase velocity of the wave and maintaining their phase relations to the field for a number of cycles to obtain a cumulative effect.
  • Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are shown an amplifier arrangement using two portions of resonant wave guide, I and 2, in which the dielectric is a material having a high dielectric constant.
  • the purpose of employing material with a high dielectric constant, rather than air I'or instance, is to obtain a relatively low velocity of wave propagation
  • the portions of wave guide are shown as axial sections and transmission is assumed to be from left to right.
  • the guides may be of any desired shape in crosssection though here a cylindrical shape is assumed as indicated by the cross-sectional view, Fig. 2.
  • Guide portion l serves as the input circuit of the amplifier. It is assumed to be energized from the coaxial line IO, N coupled as shown at the left of Fig. l and to have a field in which the electric lines of force are as indicated at 9, having a component parallel to the axis of the guide and to the electron stream 4 which is projected through a glass enclosed tubular space 6 from cathode 3 along the axis to collector 5.
  • the type of wave described as type E0 in an article by G. C. Southworth in the Bell System Technical Journal, vol.
  • XV, pages 284-309, April 1936, producing this form of electric field may be produced in a wave guide, such as y a stream of electrons moving along the axis in groups.
  • Guide portion 2 serves as the output circuit of the amplifier and is shown coupled to the output coaxial line l2, l3 at the right of Fig. 1.
  • the electric field produced in 2 is similar to that in I where the direction of the electric lines of force is shown at 9.
  • the electron stream 4 is projected through the two Wave guide portions l and 2 from cathode 3 to collector 5. Practically the electron path in the guide portions may be as long as desired within the capabilities of the electron projecting means though extreme length may introduce undesirable phase changes, as will be referred to later.
  • any electron gun structure which will produce an electron stream of the desired current strength and velocity may be employed. Since such electron gun structures are generally well known, complete details of the gun and its power supply circuits are not shown either on this drawing or on the similar drawings which follow in order to avoid unnecessary complication.
  • the evacuated tubular chamber 6 of the gun carrying the electron stream through the guide portions may be of glass but it should be of as small diameter as .possible and should fit closely the hole in the dielectric of the guide portions through which it passes.
  • the dielectric material of the guide is preferably covered on the outer surface with conducting material 8 to decrease radiation.
  • the stream of electrons 4 from cathode 3 may be velocity modulated and the electrons grouped in passing through wave guide portion I. Electrons entering i during one phase of the field are accelerated while those entering during the opposite phase are retarded. These effects are cumulative over several cycles throughout the several wave-lengths travel of the electrons through the guide portion by virtue of the fact that the average electron velocity has been adjusted to correspond w'th the velocity of the wave through the guide so that an electron encounters approximately the same field phase condition throughout the length of the guide portion. As indicated previously, this coordination is facilitated by the use of th high dielectric constant material which by decreasing the velocity of wave propagation through the guide, decreases the required electron velocity.
  • the space 1 between i and 2 may be provided or not, as desired.
  • the preferred one of sloping the direct current accelerating field is illustrated in Fig. 1 by provision of the auxiliary accelerating electrode M in the electron path between the two guide portions.
  • This electrode is to be polarized at a potential below the potential of the accelerating electrode l5 at the end of the guide portion I where the electron stream enters.
  • the collecting electrode 5 is polarized to be at a higher potential than that of M.
  • the application of the second suggested method that of graduating the transmission characteristic of the guide to vary the velocity of the wave, requires graduating along the length of the guide portion whatever means is employed to decrease the velocity of the high frequency wave.
  • ths would involve graduating the dielectric constant of the material of which the guide is composed, to increase the wave velocity in guide portion I and to decrease the wave velocity in guide portion 2.
  • An illustration of the use of the third suggested method, that of adjusting relative path lengths, will be shown later in connection with Fig. 11.
  • wave guide portions I and 2 of Fig. 1 are shown relatively short, closed at both ends and with coaxial lines coupled thereto conduct the input and output energies.
  • wave guides may be subst'tuted for the coaxial lines III, II and l2, l3 and coupled to the guide portions l and 2 in any wellknown manner, for example, such as described in Patent 2,106,769, issued to G. C. Southworth.
  • FIG. 3 Another method of decreasing the efiective wave-length of the field within a wave guide is shown in Fig. 3.
  • transverse apertured baffies of conducting material are spaced along the axis inside the guide over the distance throughout which it is desired to compress the waves.
  • Each baflie completely closes the guide about equal to the spacingof the baiiies for if the spacings are too small with respect to the apertures, the field in the center of the guide becomes undesirably weak for coupling with an electron stream directed along the axis.
  • the openings in the end closures 33 are made just large enough to admit the envelope '6 of the electron gun employed to direct the stream of electrons 4 through the two guide portions.
  • is used to connect guide portions l and 2 and enclose the electron stream as it passes between them.
  • may be used similarly in Fig. 1.
  • the action of the ballles 30 in Fig. 8 is to reduce the eifective velocity of wave propagation through the guide portions l and 2 as does the high dielectric material in Fig. 1. In this case, however, the reduction in wave velocity results from the series inductive loading introduced by the baffles, the inductive loading having the same effect in this respect as is usual in other types of transmission lines.
  • the arrangement of Fig. 3 will therefore function as an amplifier in Just the same manner as that of Fig. 1 and described in connection therewith. The electron.
  • stream 4 is velocity modulated and the electrons grouped by interaction with the electric field over successive wave-lengths in wave guide portion I and then delivers energy to the wave guide portion 2 by interaction with the electric field over successive wave-lengths there, the input to the amplifier being'the wave in guide portion I and the output from the amplifier being the wave in guide portion 2.
  • Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 illustrate the use in an amplifier arrangement of folded wave guide portions for obtaining several successive points of interaction between an electron stream and the electric field in the guide portions, such as are obtained with the types of guide shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 5 shows longitudinal axial sections of two hollow rectangular wave guide por tions, each of which is folded back and forth upon itself so that an electron stream may be directed transversely through several successive folds.
  • a cross-section as ind cated is shown in Fig. 6.
  • Guide portions l and 2 having walls of conducting material 8 constitute the input and output circuits of an amplifier as in the previous figures referred to above.
  • FIG. 5 shows for convenience only three folds in each wave guide portion and therefore only three points of interaction in each between the electron stream and the electric field in t e gu de. Obviously other numbers of folds and resulting points of interaction may be used. Also, while in the figure wave guides of rectangular cross-section are indicated, guides of other cross-sections may be used. It will be observed that the waves in the guides must 1'01- low zig-zag paths. the lengths of which are dependent upon the lengths of the'folds in the guides while the slower moving electrons follow a straight path, the length of which is independent of the guide length.
  • the input guide I and output guide 2 are terminated by closures 36 and interaction takes place be tween the electron stream and the input wave at positions a, b and c and between the electron stream and the output wave at positions d, e and f.
  • the terminating closures 36 when constructed of conducting material, are preferably spaced from the adjacent points of interaction such as c and d at distances approximately equal to onequarter, three-quarters or five-quarters, etc., wave-length so that the reflected waves reenforce the fields at c and d to give maximum fields for reaction with the electron stream. Otherwise, the distance should be regulated in accordance with the effective impedance of the end closures.
  • the input guide is assumed to have a field in which the electric lines of force have components transverse to the axis of the guide and in the direction to be parallel to the electron stream projected from cathode 3 to collector 5.
  • the grouped electrons then deliver energy to the output guide 2 through interaction with the electric field at the regions d, e and f where the effects are similarly cumulative.
  • This mode of operation is similar to that described in connection with previous Figures 1 and 3, the common principle being that cumulative interactions between movin electrons and an electric field are had bv controlling relatively the periods of trave' electron stream and the electric wave with whic. the field is associated.
  • Fig. 5 the, folds of the guides are not close together and the path of the electron stream between folds is enclosed in shielding cylinders 99, also the stream is enclosed where it passes between the two guides in a similar cylinder 99 and at the ends-of its ath through the guides by cylinders 31.
  • These cylinders may be made with diameters too small to propagate the electromagnetic waves in the guides and thus prevent radiation and coupling through the openings through which the electron stream passes. Then the only coupling between points in the guides such as a and b is the normal one around the fold g for the wave itself plus the electron stream itself which passes through the cylinder 99 directly from a to b.
  • the guides may be made narrow so that the transit time of electrons across each fold, and therefore the period of interaction at each point a, b, c, d, e and I. is small compared with the high frequency period and the electron transit time from a to b through cylinder 39 may be related to the wave propagation time from a to b via in a variety of ways.
  • the shortest time of wave propagation between folds, such as from a to b, which will permit repetition of phase relationships at each point such as a, b and c is that equal to the period of one-half cycle of the high frequency and, on account of the reversal in direction in space of wave propagation produced by each fold in the guide which in effect reverses the direction of the electron stream through the field, the corresponding electron transit time from a to b through cylinder 38 should be equal to the period of one cycle in order to have an electron meet the same field phase condition at b as at a.
  • the electron transit time from a to b must diifer from the time of wave propagation from a to b through the guide by the period of at least one-half cycle.
  • phase relations will not be altered by changing the transit time from a to b of either the electrons through cylinder 38 or the electric wave through the guide by the period of a whole cycle so that proper phase relations between the electron stream and the electric wave will exist at a, b and 0 whenever the difference in transit times between those points is equal to the period of an odd number of half cycles.
  • the output guide 2 in which the points of interaction are d, e and f.
  • the length of cylinder 39 is unimportant so long as it is not of such length as to permit degrouping of the electrons through dispersion of those having diiferent velocities as a result of velocity modulation at a, b and c.
  • Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 show a limiting form of the structure of Fig. in which the folds of the guides are very close together eliminating the cylinders shown at 39 and 39 in Fig. 5.
  • This arrangement operates the same as that of Fig. 5. It has the disadvantage, however, that with the closely adjacent folds the electrons are under the influence of the field in the guide practically the 'whole time so that with the half cycle wave propagation time between a and b via g and the whole cycle transit time of electrons from a to b directly, as previously explained necessary, an electron is exposed to the field during nearly a whole cycle as it passes corresponding points, such as a and b in successive folds of the guide.
  • FIGS. 1, 3, 5 and '7 show amplifier arrangements. Any of these can, of course, be modified to produce self-oscillations by coupling the input to the output to obtain self-excitation. As an example of how this may be done, Fig. 10 shows a modification of Fig. 5 to include such a coupling. It will be apparent that any of the amplifier arrangements shown in the abovementioned figures may be similarly modified.
  • the coupling to transfer energy from the output to supply input excitation is provided by the length of wave guide 45 which connects the output guide 2 to the input guide I.
  • wave thus introduced into guide portion i modulates the electron stream at regions a, b and c, after which the electron stream delivers energy to the wave in guide portion 2 at regions (1, e and I just as described in connection with Fig. 5.
  • the length of guide 45 and the velocity of the electron stream must be correlated in that the time required for the electric wave to travel in the guide from f to a and the electron transit time from c to d must be such that the electric fields associated with the input and output waves at a and respectively, are in proper phase relation to cooperate in sustaining oscillations.
  • Any of the known methods of coupling to wave guide may be employed to connect a load circuit to such an oscillator system.
  • One method is shown in Fig. 10 where thelead 42 forms a coupling loop within the guide and is then carried by insulating spacers 43 through the shield 44 to the load ll, 44 and the shell of the wave guide completing" the circuit between the ends of ll and 42.
  • Fig. 11 which is a modification of Fig. 5, shows the use of curved bends in the wave guide folds as an alternative to the bends with square corners as shown in the previous figures illustrating folded wave guides.
  • This figure also shows a method of compensating for changes in the average velocity of the electron stream due to the transfers of energy between it and the electric waves in the guide portions as previously referred to in connection with Fig. 1.
  • diflerent paths are provided for the electron stream and the electric waves between the points of interaction (1, b, c, d, e and I.
  • the electric wave must follow the longer routes a, g, b and b, h, c, respectively.
  • the distances along the path of the electron stream between successive points of interaction are made greater, that is, the distance b, c is made greater than the distance a, b.
  • the distances along the path of the electron stream between successive points of interaction are made less, that is, the distance e, f is made less than the distance d, e.
  • wave guide is to be understood as connoting a wave transmission medium whereby electromagnetic energy may be dielectrically guided from one point to a remote point consisting of a homogeneous region of space bounded by an electrical discontinuity, extending longitudinally between the points and of which a transverse section exhibits a single continuous boundary, as, for example, is characteristic of the transverse section of a hollow pipe or a solid rod but not of that of a coaxial conductor transmission line.
  • a high frequency electronic device comprising portions of resonant wave guide structure, and means for projecting an electron stream therethrough, the structure of at least" one of the portions of guide being folded back and forth upon itself so that the electromagnetic wave therein is oppositely directed in space in adjacent folds, and the electron stream passes transversely through the folds so thatit may interact with the electromagnetic field at each point of traversal of the guide structure.
  • a device characterized in that two or more of the electron paths between adjacent points of interaction with the electric wave are of difierent lengths.
  • a device characterized in that the lengths of two or more of the folds of wave guide as measured between adjacent points of interaction between the electric wave and the electron stream ar different 4.
  • a device in which the apertures in the guide portions through which the electronstream is projected are provided with tubular flanges to determine the lengths of the gaps traversed bythe electron stream.
  • a high frequency electronic device comprising portions of resonant wave guide structure, and means for projecting an electron'stream therethrough, the. structure of each of at least two of the portions of guide being folded back and forth upon itself so that the electromagnetic wave therein is oppositely directed in space in adjacent folds and the electron stream passes transversely through the folds so that it may interact with the electromagnetic field at each point of traversal of the guide structure, the length .of the folds of the structure and the velocity of the elect: on stream being such that the time for propagation of the electromagnetic wave from one point oi interaction to the next is the period of one of more half cycles of the high frequency and the electron transit time between the same points of interaction is different by between the electron stream and the electromagnetic fields in the guide portions, each shielding cylinder being connected to the shell of the guide portion and closing except for the internal space 7.
  • a high frequency electronic device comprising portions of resonant wave guide structure, and means for projecting an electron stream through the portions of guide in the direction of wave propagation, at least one of the guide portions having longitudinally recurring variations in the transverse internal dimensions such that the transverse dimensions are alternately decreased and increased so that the length of the shortest path over the internal surface of the guide from end to end .of a given axial length of the guide portion, including such variations and traversed by the electron stream, exceeds the axial length, whereby the rates of travel, through the guide of the electron stream and the electromagnetic wave, are made substantially the same.
  • a transmission system for electric waves comprising an electric wave guide along which electric wave energy may be propagated'with a propagation velocity dependent upon physical characteristics of the guide, means for directing a stream of electrons along a course having a number of regions in which the electrons are exposed to interaction with the field associated with an electromagnetic wave propagated along the guide, the boundary of the wave guide being so predesigned between interaction regions and the electron transit time of the electron stream between the same regions being so predetermined that with a dielectric medium having a dielectric constant substantially unity within the boundary of the guide a cumulative energy control interaction occurs as the stream successively interacts with the wave at the interaction regions.
  • a transmission system in which the electronic means comprises a plurality of electron accelerating elements spaced along the path of the electron stream and means for maintaining the accelerating elements at different potentials whereby the velocity of the electron stream over different portions of its path may be regulated.
  • a transmission system for electric waves comprising an electric wave guide along which electric wave energy may be propagated, with a propagation velocity dependent upon physical characteristics of the guide, means comprising a plurality of discrete longitudinally spaced variations in the boundary of the guide for reducing the propagation velocity of electric wave energy along the guide, means for directing an electron stream to interact at a plurality of points along the wave guide with the field associated with an electromagnetic wave propagated along the guide, the reduced velocity of the waves along the guide being so related to the velocity of the electrons in their course between the points of interaction that electrons experiencing a certain effect in their reaction with the field at one of the points experience a cumulative effect in their reactions with the field at points farther along their course.
  • a guide for electric wave energy comprising an elongated physical structure utilizing a medium with a dielectric constant substantially unity and having a length considerably in excess of a wave-length as measured along the structure in the direction of energy propagation, an electron discharge device having a cathode, an electron 'collector and means for projecting a beam of electrons between the cathode and the collector, the guide having such a conformation that its field intercepts the electron stream at a plurality of discrete points which are so spaced along the guide that the propagation time of waves along the guide from any one point of interception with the electron stream to any other such point is substantially equal to the transit time of electrons from the first point to the second.
  • a high frequency system comprising a wave guide along which electric wave energy may be propagated, means for directing an electron stream through the field of the guide in a plurality of difi'erent regions whereby the stream reacts successively a number of times with the field of the guide, and means for increasing the time required for the electromagnetic wave to travel along the guide comprising means ror making the length or the shortest path between any or the said regions over the interior surface of the guide boundary substantially greater than the length or the electron path between those same regions whereby the total interaction between the electrons of the stream and the electromagnetic field of the guide may be cumulative.
  • variations in the transverse internal dimensions comprise centrally apertured transverse constrictions, each or which completely closes the guide except at the aperture. spaced longitudinally along the guide, the apertures being in alignment along the axis of the guide.
  • variations in the transverse internal dimensions comprise centrally apertured transverse constrictions, each of which completely closes the guide except at the aperture, spaced longitudinally along the guide, the apertures being in alignment along the axis of the guide and the diametersof the apertures being substantially equal to the spacings of the constrictions.
  • a transmission system for electric waves comprising an electric wave guide along which electric wave energy may be propagated with a propagation velocity depending upon physical characteristics of the guid means for directing a stream of electrons along a course having a number of regions in which the electrons are exposed to interaction with the field associated with an electromagnetic wave propagated along characteristics of the guide,
  • the boundary of the wave guide being predesigned to make the axis of the guide and the electron path coincide between interaction resions but at the same time to make the length of the shortest path over the internal surface of the boundary of the guide between interaction regions substantially greater than the length of the electron path between those same regions whereby the axial velocity of the electric wave and the velocity of the electron stream are substantially the same and a cumulative energy control interaction occurs as the stream successively interacts with the wav 18.
  • a guide for electric wave energy comprising an elongated physical structure utilizing a medium with a dielectric constant substantially unity and having a length considerably in excess of a wave-length as measured along the structure in the direction of energy propagation, an electron discharge device having a cathode, an electron collector and means for projecting a beam of electrons between the cathode and the collector, the guide having such a conformation that its field intercepts the electron stream at a plurality of discrete points which are so spaced along the guide that the propagation time of waves along the guide from any one point or interception with the electron stream to any other such point is so related to the electron transit time between those same points that the interactions between the electrons and the field at the various points are cumulative in their efiect.
  • a transmission system for electric waves comprising an electric wave guide along which electric wave energy may be propagated with a propagation velocity dependent upon physical characteristics of the guide, means for directing a stream of electrons along a course having a number of regions in which the electrons are exposed to interaction with the field associated with an electromagnetic wave propagated along the guide, the boundary of the wave guide being so predesigned between interaction regions that the length of the shortest path between any of the said I regions over the interior surface of the guide the guide, the boundary of the wave guide being predesigned to make the axial length of the guide between interaction regions substantially exceed the length of the electron path between those same regions whereby the time of propagation of an electric wave and the electron transit time between those regions are so related that a cum lative energy control interaction occurs as the stream successively interacts with the wave at the interaction regions.
  • a transmission system for electric waves comprising an electric wave guide along which electric wave energy may be propagated with a propagation velocity depending upon physical boundary is substantially greater than the length of the electron path between thosesame regions.
  • a high frequency electronic device having a high frequency input system and a high frequency output system, at least one of these systems comprising an electric wave guide along which electric wave energy may be propagated with a propagation velocity dependent upon physical characteristics of the guide, means for directing a stream of electrons along a course having a number of regions in which the electrons are exposed to interaction with the field associated with an electromagnetic wave propagated along the guide, the boundary of the wave guide being so predesigned between interaction regions that the length of the shortest path between any of the said regions over the interior surface of the guide boundary is substantially greater than the length of the electron path between those same regions.
  • a high frequency electronic device having a high frequency input system and a high frequency output system, at least one of these system comprisin a portion or resonant wave guide structure and means for projecting an electron stream therethrough, the structure of the portion of guide being folded back and forth upon itself so that the electromagnetic wave therein is oppositelyv directed in space in adjacent folds and the electron stream passes transversely through the folds so that it may interact with the electro magnetic field at each point of traversal of the guide structure, the length of the folds of the structure and the velocity of the electron stream being'such that the time for propagation of the electromagnetic wave from one point of interaction to the next is substantially the period of one or more half cycles of the high frequency and the electron transit time between the same points of interaction is different by the period of an odd number of half cycles of the high frequency whereby the interaction in successive folds is cumulative.
  • a high frequency lectronic device in which the electron stream is enclosed in one or more shielding cylinders of conducting material between points of interaction between the electron stream and the electromagnetic fields in the guide portions, each shielding cylinder being connected to the shell of the guide portion and closing except for the internal space of the cylinder the openings in the shell of the guide through which the electron stream passes from one point of interaction to another.
  • FREDERICK B ILEWELLYN.

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US335660A 1940-05-17 1940-05-17 Electron discharge device Expired - Lifetime US2367295A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR957330D FR957330A (en, 2012) 1940-05-17
NL62806D NL62806C (en, 2012) 1940-05-17
US335660A US2367295A (en) 1940-05-17 1940-05-17 Electron discharge device
GB6217/41A GB564890A (en) 1940-05-17 1941-05-16 Improvements in or relating to electric wave transmission systems
DEW723D DE970149C (de) 1940-05-17 1941-09-06 Elektronenentladungs-Vorrichtung zur Verstaerkung einer hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Welle
CH275950D CH275950A (de) 1940-05-17 1947-12-20 Vorrichtung zur Verstärkung hochfrequenter elektrischer Schwingungen.

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GB (1) GB564890A (en, 2012)
NL (1) NL62806C (en, 2012)

Cited By (94)

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US2450026A (en) * 1941-08-29 1948-09-28 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Thermionic device for use with wave guides
US2455269A (en) * 1942-11-17 1948-11-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Velocity variation apparatus
US2466704A (en) * 1945-08-30 1949-04-12 Sperry Corp Frequency multiplier apparatus
US2511407A (en) * 1947-01-09 1950-06-13 Csf Amplifying valve of the progressive wave type
US2541843A (en) * 1947-07-18 1951-02-13 Philco Corp Electronic tube of the traveling wave type
US2543213A (en) * 1944-03-04 1951-02-27 Csf High-frequency pulse producing apparatus
US2552334A (en) * 1945-03-02 1951-05-08 Rca Corp Electron discharge device and associated circuit
US2578434A (en) * 1947-06-25 1951-12-11 Rca Corp High-frequency electron discharge device of the traveling wave type
US2579654A (en) * 1947-06-04 1951-12-25 Raytheon Mfg Co Electron-discharge device for microwave amplification
US2580007A (en) * 1947-04-21 1951-12-25 Csf Amplifying and oscillating tube with traveling wave control
US2584308A (en) * 1947-07-18 1952-02-05 Philco Corp Electronic tube of the traveling wave type
US2603773A (en) * 1948-12-09 1952-07-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Modulated oscillator
US2611102A (en) * 1948-11-13 1952-09-16 Sylvania Electric Prod Traveling wave tube
US2611101A (en) * 1947-04-15 1952-09-16 Wallauschek Richard Traeling wave amplifier tube
US2615141A (en) * 1947-11-20 1952-10-21 Rca Corp High-frequency electron discharge tube of the traveling wave type
US2616990A (en) * 1947-01-13 1952-11-04 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Amplifier for centimeter waves
US2617961A (en) * 1947-01-08 1952-11-11 Cie General De T S F Electron tube for very high frequencies
US2624859A (en) * 1947-07-03 1953-01-06 Int Standard Electric Corp Traveling wave amplifier tube
US2630544A (en) * 1948-03-20 1953-03-03 Philco Corp Traveling wave electronic tube
US2636148A (en) * 1950-10-02 1953-04-21 John E Gorham Modified traveling wave tube
US2636948A (en) * 1946-01-11 1953-04-28 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High-frequency amplifier
US2641731A (en) * 1947-10-06 1953-06-09 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Wave propagating electron discharge device
US2641730A (en) * 1946-08-21 1953-06-09 Int Standard Electric Corp Velocity modulation amplifier tube
US2647219A (en) * 1947-11-15 1953-07-28 Int Standard Electric Corp Catcher circuits for velocity modulation tubes
US2650956A (en) * 1946-12-24 1953-09-01 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Amplifier utilizing deflection of an electron beam
US2651686A (en) * 1947-03-27 1953-09-08 Int Standard Electric Corp Traveling wave amplifier
US2653271A (en) * 1949-02-05 1953-09-22 Sperry Corp High-frequency apparatus
US2653270A (en) * 1944-06-08 1953-09-22 English Electric Valve Co Ltd High-frequency energy interchange device
US2654047A (en) * 1948-01-20 1953-09-29 Int Standard Electric Corp Beam traveling wave amplifier tube
US2654004A (en) * 1947-08-14 1953-09-29 Int Standard Electric Corp Traveling wave amplifier device
US2657329A (en) * 1950-02-21 1953-10-27 Sperry Corp Traveling wave tube
US2657314A (en) * 1947-11-18 1953-10-27 Csf Ultra short wave generator having a wide band of oscillation frequencies
US2657305A (en) * 1947-01-28 1953-10-27 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Traveling wave tube mixing apparatus
US2658147A (en) * 1946-02-18 1953-11-03 Kenneth T Bainbridge Tunable velocity modulation device
US2660689A (en) * 1947-08-01 1953-11-24 Int Standard Electric Corp Ultrahigh-frequency vacuum tube
US2661441A (en) * 1947-12-31 1953-12-01 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High-frequency amplifier
US2667597A (en) * 1948-06-14 1954-01-26 Int Standard Electric Corp Velocity modulated electron discharge device
US2673306A (en) * 1949-03-16 1954-03-23 Raytheon Mfg Co Magnetron amplifier
US2673900A (en) * 1946-10-23 1954-03-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High-frequency amplifying device
US2679019A (en) * 1947-12-02 1954-05-18 Rca Corp High-frequency electron discharge device
DE912979C (de) * 1951-05-10 1954-06-08 Western Electric Co Wanderfeld-Begrenzerroehre
US2681951A (en) * 1948-09-01 1954-06-22 Csf Low background noise amplifying system for ultra-short waves
US2688106A (en) * 1948-07-20 1954-08-31 Csf Traveling wave amplifying tube with a magnetic field
US2691118A (en) * 1950-01-23 1954-10-05 Collins Radio Co Extremely high-frequency electronic device
US2695973A (en) * 1949-10-27 1954-11-30 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Reflex traveling wave amplifier
US2698381A (en) * 1948-10-18 1954-12-28 Robertson-Shersby-Ha Rob Bruce Wave guide accelerator system
US2699519A (en) * 1949-10-17 1955-01-11 Csf Traveling wave tube comprising coupled output cavity resonators
US2712605A (en) * 1948-12-09 1955-07-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Oscillation generator
US2717327A (en) * 1947-01-17 1955-09-06 Int Standard Electric Corp Velocity modulation devices
US2730649A (en) * 1950-02-04 1956-01-10 Itt Traveling wave amplifier
US2733305A (en) * 1948-09-30 1956-01-31 Diemer
US2735958A (en) * 1956-02-21 Electron discharge device of the
US2741718A (en) * 1953-03-10 1956-04-10 Sperry Rand Corp High frequency apparatus
US2746036A (en) * 1952-03-25 1956-05-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Device for coupling between free space and an electron stream
US2748268A (en) * 1955-06-15 1956-05-29 Hughes Aircraft Co Backward-wave oscillator mixer
US2761088A (en) * 1949-02-22 1956-08-28 Csf Travelling-wave amplifying tube
US2762948A (en) * 1951-10-26 1956-09-11 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Space charge wave amplifiers
US2768297A (en) * 1948-07-29 1956-10-23 Cie General De Telegraphie San Ultra-short wave oscillator
US2768328A (en) * 1946-11-05 1956-10-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High frequency electronic device
US2787734A (en) * 1949-06-10 1957-04-02 Int Standard Electric Corp Broadband magnetron
US2793315A (en) * 1952-10-01 1957-05-21 Hughes Aircraft Co Resistive-inductive wall amplifier tube
US2796550A (en) * 1951-07-03 1957-06-18 Kazan Benjamin Travelling walve amplifier
US2802136A (en) * 1947-01-25 1957-08-06 Rca Corp High frequency device
US2808534A (en) * 1954-10-18 1957-10-01 Hughes Aircraft Co Traveling wave tube
US2808532A (en) * 1951-10-26 1957-10-01 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Space harmonic amplifiers
US2810854A (en) * 1951-10-06 1957-10-22 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Serpentine traveling wave tube
US2823332A (en) * 1951-06-08 1958-02-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave amplifier device
US2824997A (en) * 1949-10-14 1958-02-25 Andrew V Haeff Electron wave tube
US2828439A (en) * 1952-03-14 1958-03-25 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Space charge amplifier
US2829301A (en) * 1954-01-12 1958-04-01 Philips Corp Travelling wave-tube
US2830220A (en) * 1950-06-29 1958-04-08 Gen Electric Traveling-wave tube
US2841738A (en) * 1946-01-11 1958-07-01 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High frequency amplifier
US2844756A (en) * 1950-12-29 1958-07-22 Philips Corp Electron discharge device with resonator
US2850671A (en) * 1952-01-24 1958-09-02 Raytheon Mfg Co Magnetron amplifiers
US2851631A (en) * 1955-03-07 1958-09-09 Hughes Aircraft Co Traveling wave tube of high forward wave impedance
US2855538A (en) * 1951-01-11 1958-10-07 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Amplifier tube
US2888597A (en) * 1952-12-13 1959-05-26 Csf Travelling wave oscillator tubes
US2892958A (en) * 1956-07-13 1959-06-30 High Voltage Engineering Corp Corrugated waveguide
DE1068311B (en, 2012) * 1956-03-30 1959-11-05
US2920229A (en) * 1955-07-21 1960-01-05 M O Valve Co Ltd Traveling wave velocity modulation devices
DE973175C (de) * 1949-02-20 1960-01-07 Siemens Ag Wanderfeldroehre mit Antenne
US2922917A (en) * 1953-12-21 1960-01-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Nonreciprocal elements in microwave tubes
US2939998A (en) * 1957-08-16 1960-06-07 Zenith Radio Corp Direct radiation vacuum tube
US2943229A (en) * 1955-01-25 1960-06-28 Gen Electric Slow wave structures
US2955226A (en) * 1955-06-13 1960-10-04 Univ California Backward-wave amplifier
US2959707A (en) * 1958-03-03 1960-11-08 Itt Slow wave propagating structure
US2967968A (en) * 1957-06-24 1961-01-10 Gen Electric Electron discharge device
US2976454A (en) * 1958-04-08 1961-03-21 Gen Electric High frequency energy interchange device
US3011087A (en) * 1955-02-08 1961-11-28 Applied Radiation Corp Device and method for producing electron beams
US3042831A (en) * 1945-03-22 1962-07-03 Emi Ltd Velocity modulation electron discharge devices
US3068414A (en) * 1958-06-12 1962-12-11 Rca Corp Radar with traveling-wave tube duplexer
US3178656A (en) * 1961-02-14 1965-04-13 Nat Engineering Science Co Apparatus using cerenkov radiation
US3192430A (en) * 1960-04-29 1965-06-29 Varian Associates Microwave amplifier for electromagnetic wave energy incorporating a fast and slow wave traveling wave resonator
US3358180A (en) * 1964-05-06 1967-12-12 Varian Associates Electromagnetic wave confining structures having electrically conductive coated dielectric walls and electron tube incorporating them

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DE964249C (de) * 1952-02-23 1957-05-23 Siemens Ag Wanderfeldroehre
DE1125557B (de) * 1954-02-26 1962-03-15 Siemens Ag Anordnung zur Ankopplung einer Paralleldraht-Doppelleitung an den vorzugsweise wendelfoermigen Wellenleiter einer Elektronenroehre fuer sehr hohe Frequenzen
DE1076195B (de) * 1957-04-25 1960-02-25 Siemens Ag Verzoegerungsleitung fuer Wanderfeldroehren, insbesondere zum Erzeugen oder Verstaerken von Millimeterwellen
DE1086301B (de) * 1957-04-25 1960-08-04 Siemens Ag Lauffeldroehre mit einem gefalteten Hohlleiter als Verzoegerungsleitung

Cited By (97)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2735958A (en) * 1956-02-21 Electron discharge device of the
US2450026A (en) * 1941-08-29 1948-09-28 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Thermionic device for use with wave guides
US2455269A (en) * 1942-11-17 1948-11-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Velocity variation apparatus
US2543213A (en) * 1944-03-04 1951-02-27 Csf High-frequency pulse producing apparatus
US2653270A (en) * 1944-06-08 1953-09-22 English Electric Valve Co Ltd High-frequency energy interchange device
US2552334A (en) * 1945-03-02 1951-05-08 Rca Corp Electron discharge device and associated circuit
US3042831A (en) * 1945-03-22 1962-07-03 Emi Ltd Velocity modulation electron discharge devices
US2466704A (en) * 1945-08-30 1949-04-12 Sperry Corp Frequency multiplier apparatus
US2841738A (en) * 1946-01-11 1958-07-01 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High frequency amplifier
DE974489C (de) * 1946-01-11 1961-01-12 Western Electric Co Vorrichtung zum Verstaerken von elektromagnetischen Zentimeterwellen
DE970660C (de) * 1946-01-11 1958-10-16 Western Electric Co Vorrichtung zum Verstaerken von Zentimeterwellen
US2636948A (en) * 1946-01-11 1953-04-28 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High-frequency amplifier
US2658147A (en) * 1946-02-18 1953-11-03 Kenneth T Bainbridge Tunable velocity modulation device
US2641730A (en) * 1946-08-21 1953-06-09 Int Standard Electric Corp Velocity modulation amplifier tube
US2673900A (en) * 1946-10-23 1954-03-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High-frequency amplifying device
US2768328A (en) * 1946-11-05 1956-10-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High frequency electronic device
US2650956A (en) * 1946-12-24 1953-09-01 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Amplifier utilizing deflection of an electron beam
US2617961A (en) * 1947-01-08 1952-11-11 Cie General De T S F Electron tube for very high frequencies
US2511407A (en) * 1947-01-09 1950-06-13 Csf Amplifying valve of the progressive wave type
US2616990A (en) * 1947-01-13 1952-11-04 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Amplifier for centimeter waves
US2717327A (en) * 1947-01-17 1955-09-06 Int Standard Electric Corp Velocity modulation devices
US2802136A (en) * 1947-01-25 1957-08-06 Rca Corp High frequency device
US2657305A (en) * 1947-01-28 1953-10-27 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Traveling wave tube mixing apparatus
US2651686A (en) * 1947-03-27 1953-09-08 Int Standard Electric Corp Traveling wave amplifier
US2611101A (en) * 1947-04-15 1952-09-16 Wallauschek Richard Traeling wave amplifier tube
US2580007A (en) * 1947-04-21 1951-12-25 Csf Amplifying and oscillating tube with traveling wave control
US2579654A (en) * 1947-06-04 1951-12-25 Raytheon Mfg Co Electron-discharge device for microwave amplification
US2578434A (en) * 1947-06-25 1951-12-11 Rca Corp High-frequency electron discharge device of the traveling wave type
US2624859A (en) * 1947-07-03 1953-01-06 Int Standard Electric Corp Traveling wave amplifier tube
US2672572A (en) * 1947-07-18 1954-03-16 Philco Corp Traveling wave tube
US2584308A (en) * 1947-07-18 1952-02-05 Philco Corp Electronic tube of the traveling wave type
US2541843A (en) * 1947-07-18 1951-02-13 Philco Corp Electronic tube of the traveling wave type
US2660689A (en) * 1947-08-01 1953-11-24 Int Standard Electric Corp Ultrahigh-frequency vacuum tube
US2654004A (en) * 1947-08-14 1953-09-29 Int Standard Electric Corp Traveling wave amplifier device
US2641731A (en) * 1947-10-06 1953-06-09 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Wave propagating electron discharge device
US2647219A (en) * 1947-11-15 1953-07-28 Int Standard Electric Corp Catcher circuits for velocity modulation tubes
US2657314A (en) * 1947-11-18 1953-10-27 Csf Ultra short wave generator having a wide band of oscillation frequencies
US2615141A (en) * 1947-11-20 1952-10-21 Rca Corp High-frequency electron discharge tube of the traveling wave type
US2679019A (en) * 1947-12-02 1954-05-18 Rca Corp High-frequency electron discharge device
US2661441A (en) * 1947-12-31 1953-12-01 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High-frequency amplifier
US2654047A (en) * 1948-01-20 1953-09-29 Int Standard Electric Corp Beam traveling wave amplifier tube
US2630544A (en) * 1948-03-20 1953-03-03 Philco Corp Traveling wave electronic tube
US2667597A (en) * 1948-06-14 1954-01-26 Int Standard Electric Corp Velocity modulated electron discharge device
US2688106A (en) * 1948-07-20 1954-08-31 Csf Traveling wave amplifying tube with a magnetic field
US2768297A (en) * 1948-07-29 1956-10-23 Cie General De Telegraphie San Ultra-short wave oscillator
US2681951A (en) * 1948-09-01 1954-06-22 Csf Low background noise amplifying system for ultra-short waves
US2733305A (en) * 1948-09-30 1956-01-31 Diemer
US2698381A (en) * 1948-10-18 1954-12-28 Robertson-Shersby-Ha Rob Bruce Wave guide accelerator system
US2611102A (en) * 1948-11-13 1952-09-16 Sylvania Electric Prod Traveling wave tube
US2712605A (en) * 1948-12-09 1955-07-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Oscillation generator
US2603773A (en) * 1948-12-09 1952-07-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Modulated oscillator
US2653271A (en) * 1949-02-05 1953-09-22 Sperry Corp High-frequency apparatus
DE973175C (de) * 1949-02-20 1960-01-07 Siemens Ag Wanderfeldroehre mit Antenne
US2761088A (en) * 1949-02-22 1956-08-28 Csf Travelling-wave amplifying tube
US2673306A (en) * 1949-03-16 1954-03-23 Raytheon Mfg Co Magnetron amplifier
US2787734A (en) * 1949-06-10 1957-04-02 Int Standard Electric Corp Broadband magnetron
US2824997A (en) * 1949-10-14 1958-02-25 Andrew V Haeff Electron wave tube
US2699519A (en) * 1949-10-17 1955-01-11 Csf Traveling wave tube comprising coupled output cavity resonators
US2695973A (en) * 1949-10-27 1954-11-30 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Reflex traveling wave amplifier
US2691118A (en) * 1950-01-23 1954-10-05 Collins Radio Co Extremely high-frequency electronic device
US2730649A (en) * 1950-02-04 1956-01-10 Itt Traveling wave amplifier
US2657329A (en) * 1950-02-21 1953-10-27 Sperry Corp Traveling wave tube
US2830220A (en) * 1950-06-29 1958-04-08 Gen Electric Traveling-wave tube
US2636148A (en) * 1950-10-02 1953-04-21 John E Gorham Modified traveling wave tube
US2844756A (en) * 1950-12-29 1958-07-22 Philips Corp Electron discharge device with resonator
US2855538A (en) * 1951-01-11 1958-10-07 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Amplifier tube
DE912979C (de) * 1951-05-10 1954-06-08 Western Electric Co Wanderfeld-Begrenzerroehre
US2823332A (en) * 1951-06-08 1958-02-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave amplifier device
US2796550A (en) * 1951-07-03 1957-06-18 Kazan Benjamin Travelling walve amplifier
US2810854A (en) * 1951-10-06 1957-10-22 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Serpentine traveling wave tube
US2808532A (en) * 1951-10-26 1957-10-01 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Space harmonic amplifiers
US2762948A (en) * 1951-10-26 1956-09-11 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Space charge wave amplifiers
US2850671A (en) * 1952-01-24 1958-09-02 Raytheon Mfg Co Magnetron amplifiers
US2828439A (en) * 1952-03-14 1958-03-25 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Space charge amplifier
US2746036A (en) * 1952-03-25 1956-05-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Device for coupling between free space and an electron stream
US2793315A (en) * 1952-10-01 1957-05-21 Hughes Aircraft Co Resistive-inductive wall amplifier tube
US2888597A (en) * 1952-12-13 1959-05-26 Csf Travelling wave oscillator tubes
US2741718A (en) * 1953-03-10 1956-04-10 Sperry Rand Corp High frequency apparatus
US2922917A (en) * 1953-12-21 1960-01-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Nonreciprocal elements in microwave tubes
US2829301A (en) * 1954-01-12 1958-04-01 Philips Corp Travelling wave-tube
US2808534A (en) * 1954-10-18 1957-10-01 Hughes Aircraft Co Traveling wave tube
US2943229A (en) * 1955-01-25 1960-06-28 Gen Electric Slow wave structures
US3011087A (en) * 1955-02-08 1961-11-28 Applied Radiation Corp Device and method for producing electron beams
US2851631A (en) * 1955-03-07 1958-09-09 Hughes Aircraft Co Traveling wave tube of high forward wave impedance
US2955226A (en) * 1955-06-13 1960-10-04 Univ California Backward-wave amplifier
US2748268A (en) * 1955-06-15 1956-05-29 Hughes Aircraft Co Backward-wave oscillator mixer
US2920229A (en) * 1955-07-21 1960-01-05 M O Valve Co Ltd Traveling wave velocity modulation devices
DE1068311B (en, 2012) * 1956-03-30 1959-11-05
US2892958A (en) * 1956-07-13 1959-06-30 High Voltage Engineering Corp Corrugated waveguide
US2967968A (en) * 1957-06-24 1961-01-10 Gen Electric Electron discharge device
US2939998A (en) * 1957-08-16 1960-06-07 Zenith Radio Corp Direct radiation vacuum tube
US2959707A (en) * 1958-03-03 1960-11-08 Itt Slow wave propagating structure
US2976454A (en) * 1958-04-08 1961-03-21 Gen Electric High frequency energy interchange device
US3068414A (en) * 1958-06-12 1962-12-11 Rca Corp Radar with traveling-wave tube duplexer
US3192430A (en) * 1960-04-29 1965-06-29 Varian Associates Microwave amplifier for electromagnetic wave energy incorporating a fast and slow wave traveling wave resonator
US3178656A (en) * 1961-02-14 1965-04-13 Nat Engineering Science Co Apparatus using cerenkov radiation
US3358180A (en) * 1964-05-06 1967-12-12 Varian Associates Electromagnetic wave confining structures having electrically conductive coated dielectric walls and electron tube incorporating them

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR957330A (en, 2012) 1950-02-18
GB564890A (en) 1944-10-18
CH275950A (de) 1951-06-15
NL62806C (en, 2012)

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