US2641730A - Velocity modulation amplifier tube - Google Patents

Velocity modulation amplifier tube Download PDF

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Publication number
US2641730A
US2641730A US778361A US77836147A US2641730A US 2641730 A US2641730 A US 2641730A US 778361 A US778361 A US 778361A US 77836147 A US77836147 A US 77836147A US 2641730 A US2641730 A US 2641730A
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tube
modulation amplifier
wave guide
spire
amplifier tube
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Expired - Lifetime
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US778361A
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Touraton Emile
Dumousseau Claude
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International Standard Electric Corp
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International Standard Electric Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
    • H01J25/36—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and without magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/38—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and without magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field the forward travelling wave being utilised
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
    • H01J25/36—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and without magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field

Definitions

  • Patent expires August 21', 1966 1 Claim.
  • The-present invention relates to improvements in speed modulation amplifier tubes and, more particularly, to improvements invelocity modulation 'amp'l'ifier tube capablef wide frequency pass bands.
  • I Velocity modulation tubes inwhich-the resonant volumes are replaced by waveguides have been proposed; In these tubes, the output power isdependent on the length, and this presents certain drawbacks from the viewpoint of size.
  • One of the objects of the present invention relates-to wide pass band speed modulation amplifier tubes that occupy small space.
  • a speed modulation amplifier 1 tube comprises a vacuum envelope, a circular electron gun, a wave guide folded in spiral form, and a target electrode that collects the electrons emitted by theelectron gun.
  • the Wave guide folded in spiral form is excited at one of its ends by the signal to beamplified, and the available energy is tapped at its other end.
  • One or more openings are provi'ded along the Wave guide so as to permit passage of the electron beam with a suitable transit time.
  • the spiral has such a pitch that the electrons takethe same .time to pass from one spire to another as the. wave to be amplified does to pass, over the same spire.
  • a. speed modulation amplifier tube comprises a wave guide folded in fretwork form and an electron gun-that'produces a narrow electron beam.
  • a speed modulation amplifier tube comprises meansthatmake it possible to produce an axial magnetic field in orderto facilitate the concentration of the electron beam.
  • Fig. 1 shows diagrammatically an example of embodiment of a wide pass band velocity modulation amplifier tube incorporating features of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of the wave guide of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a fragmentary view showing section through thewave guide of the example" of embodiment of Fig. 1.
  • FIG. 4' shows sectional view of an example of embodiment of a circular electron gun.
  • Fig. 5' is a schematic of the developed image of the spires'of the wave guide.
  • Fig. 6 shows an example of embodiment of the concentration of the electron beam by a magnetic field produced by" a solenoid.
  • Fig. '7 shows another: example of embodiment of a wide pass. band speed modulation. tube employing features of the present invention.
  • FIGs..1 and 2 show an example of embodiment of a wide pass band speed modulation tube incorporating features of the present invention.
  • the electrodes are supported in envelope l' byv supports 5- sealed to the walls of the envelope, or in any other known manner.
  • the waveguide passes: through the hermetically sealed vacuum envelope I, and its ends are. extended outwardly as shown in thedrawing.
  • Fig. 3 shows a section of the waveguide of Fig.
  • the arrows indicate the path of the electron beam that passes over all or part of the guides periphery.
  • an electron gun of the annular type e. g.'like the one shown in Fig. 4.
  • a ring-shaped cathodefi iswdisposed within a focusing electrode 1, and it servesfor forming an annular electron beam and guiding it to the outlet of cathode B:
  • the electron beam that issues from electron' gun 2 passes over all the spires of wave guide 3. As'shown by the-arrows in Fig. l, the amplifier is excited on the left hand side and the available energy is" collected on the right-hand side at the outlet of the: guide.
  • the tube assembly may be likened to a certain number of elementary amplifiers in cascade, each of these elementary amplifiers consisting of two spires.
  • the pitch of the spiral of wave guide 3 has to be such that the electrons take the same time in passing from one spire to another as the wave to be amplified does in passing over the spire. The electron grouping thus takes place at each passage from one spire of the spiral'to another. 7
  • the pass band of the amplifier made up in this way is theoretically infinite above the inond spire will be KEL, L being the length of a spire. To this voltage is added the voltage E of the first spire, making a total:
  • the developed voltage will be Taking G to be the gain from the first to the second spire, the total gain will be:
  • means are provided for producing a uniform magnetic field parallel to the beam. It is possible, for example, to obtain this magnetic field by means of a solenoid having the same axis as the tube and traversed by a direct current of suitable value, as shown in Fig; 6.
  • FIG. 7 An example of embodiment of a wide pass band speed modulation tube of medium power is shown in Fig. 7.
  • a vacuum envelope I2 encloses an electron gun comprising a cathode I3, e. g. of thecircular type, and a focusing electrode M within which cathode i3 is located.
  • a wave guide I5 is disposed along the tube and is folded in fretwork form, the wave to be amplified arriving on the left-hand side and'the available energy being tapped on the right hand side, as shown by the arrows.
  • a target it collects the electrons that issue from the electron gun after their passage through'the horizontal portions of wave guide I5.
  • the Wave 4 As explained above, the gain increases along the tube. There is no constant accompaniment by the electronbeam, as described. in the previous Suitable phase conditions have to be examples. respected in order to make additive the voltages developed in each elementary unit, and this determines the distance 3/ between. two consecutive horizontal portions.
  • the electron beam has however to be relatively narrow, and the available power is consequently limited.
  • focusing means may be. provided in order to guide the electron beam along the tube.
  • the described amplifiertubes have the. advantage of small size owing to the special arrangement of their members, and they are capable of important gains from low input levels.
  • An amplifier of the velocity modulated type comprising a tubular envelope, an annular cathode within saidenvelope, an annular focussing electrode adjacent said cathode forming an electron gun therewith for producing an annular electron beam, at target electrode in the path of said electron beam, and a helical wave guide positioned between said electron gun and said adjacent said cathode, and for the collection of the applied waves at the end adjacent said target electrode, said waveguide helix having a pitch such that electrons of said beam take substantially the same time passingfrom one turn to the next adjacent turn as said Waves to be amplified in passing around a single turn.

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Description

June 9, 1953 E. TOURATON ETAL 2,641,730
VELOCITY MODULATION AMPLIFIER TUBE Filed Oct. 7, 1947 IN VEN TORS 5/ 1/1142 mu/mrwv HNDAE P/QUET cz nun: owwawsfnu Patented June 9, '1953 Emile Touraton,v AndrPiquet, and Claude Dir-- mousseau, Paris,, France, assignors' to International Standard Electric. Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation. of Delaware Application October 7, 1941;..SeziaINo; 77836L In France August 21, 194'6 Section 1, Public Law 691), August 8,1946
Patent expires August 21', 1966 1 Claim.
The-present invention relates to improvements in speed modulation amplifier tubes and, more particularly, to improvements invelocity modulation 'amp'l'ifier tube capablef wide frequency pass bands. I Velocity modulation tubes inwhich-the resonant volumes are replaced by waveguides have been proposed; In these tubes, the output power isdependent on the length, and this presents certain drawbacks from the viewpoint of size.
One of the objects of the present invention relates-to wide pass band speed modulation amplifier tubes that occupy small space.
Another object of the present invention relates to speed" modulation amplifier tubes that furnish a considerableg-a in from low input levels. According to one ofthe features of the present invention, a speed modulation amplifier 1 tube comprises a vacuum envelope, a circular electron gun, a wave guide folded in spiral form, and a target electrode that collects the electrons emitted by theelectron gun. I I
According to another feature of the present invention, the Wave guide folded in spiral form is excited at one of its ends by the signal to beamplified, and the available energy is tapped at its other end. One or more openings are provi'ded along the Wave guide so as to permit passage of the electron beam with a suitable transit time. The spiral has such a pitch that the electrons takethe same .time to pass from one spire to another as the. wave to be amplified does to pass, over the same spire. I
According to another feature of the present invention, a. speed modulation amplifier tube comprises a wave guide folded in fretwork form and an electron gun-that'produces a narrow electron beam.
According. to another feature of the present invention, a speed modulation amplifier tube comprises meansthatmake it possible to produce an axial magnetic field in orderto facilitate the concentration of the electron beam.
Other objects, features and advantagesof the present invention will be found upon reading the following description given with reference to the appended drawings, which are without limitation and in which:
Fig. 1 shows diagrammatically an example of embodiment of a wide pass band velocity modulation amplifier tube incorporating features of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the wave guide of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a fragmentary view showing section through thewave guide of the example" of embodiment of Fig. 1.
"Fig: 4' shows sectional view of an example of embodiment of a circular electron gun.
Fig. 5' is a schematic of the developed image of the spires'of the wave guide.
Fig. 6 shows an example of embodiment of the concentration of the electron beam by a magnetic field produced by" a solenoid.
Fig. '7 shows another: example of embodiment of a wide pass. band speed modulation. tube employing features of the present invention.
Referring to Figs..1 and 2, these show an example of embodiment of a wide pass band speed modulation tube incorporating features of the present invention.
A v-acuumtenvelope lencloses the various 'elec- I trodes, particularly an electron gun 2, a wave guide folded in spiral .form 3, and a target 4 which collects the electrons that issue from electron gun 2 after their passage through the spires off;g:uide-- -3; The electrodes are supported in envelope l' byv supports 5- sealed to the walls of the envelope, or in any other known manner.
The outlet-terminals of electron gun 2 and of target 4 are not shown in the drawings. The waveguide: passes: through the hermetically sealed vacuum envelope I, and its ends are. extended outwardly as shown in thedrawing.
Fig. 3 shows a section of the waveguide of Fig.
1. The arrows indicate the path of the electron beam that passes over all or part of the guides periphery. For this purpose, there is provided an electron gun of the annular type, e. g.'like the one shown in Fig. 4. A ring-shaped cathodefi iswdisposed within a focusing electrode 1, and it servesfor forming an annular electron beam and guiding it to the outlet of cathode B:
The electron beam that issues from electron' gun 2 passes over all the spires of wave guide 3. As'shown by the-arrows in Fig. l, the amplifier is excited on the left hand side and the available energy is" collected on the right-hand side at the outlet of the: guide.
Taking two successive spires of wave guide 3-, the tube "operates'like' the amplifier described in the abovementioned patent application. It can accordingly be seen that the tube assembly may be likened to a certain number of elementary amplifiers in cascade, each of these elementary amplifiers consisting of two spires. In order that the energies of these elementary amplifiers may be additive and in phase, the pitch of the spiral of wave guide 3 has to be such that the electrons take the same time in passing from one spire to another as the wave to be amplified does in passing over the spire. The electron grouping thus takes place at each passage from one spire of the spiral'to another. 7
The pass band of the amplifier made up in this way is theoretically infinite above the inond spire will be KEL, L being the length of a spire. To this voltage is added the voltage E of the first spire, making a total:
E2=KEL+E=E'(KL+1) V If.KL 1, 1 may be-neglected as regards KL, and
E2=KL.E.
At a point X of the third spire, the developed voltage will be Taking G to be the gain from the first to the second spire, the total gain will be:
Gun-1) This shows that the gain obtained maybe'co'nsiderable with a relatively small number of spires of the wave guide. 1 i
In order to prevent transverse dispersion of the electron sheet, means are provided for producing a uniform magnetic field parallel to the beam. It is possible, for example, to obtain this magnetic field by means of a solenoid having the same axis as the tube and traversed by a direct current of suitable value, as shown in Fig; 6. I
An example of embodiment ofa wide pass band speed modulation tube of medium power is shown in Fig. 7.
A vacuum envelope I2 encloses an electron gun comprising a cathode I3, e. g. of thecircular type, and a focusing electrode M within which cathode i3 is located. A wave guide I5 is disposed along the tube and is folded in fretwork form, the wave to be amplified arriving on the left-hand side and'the available energy being tapped on the right hand side, as shown by the arrows. A target it collects the electrons that issue from the electron gun after their passage through'the horizontal portions of wave guide I5.
the Wave 4 As explained above, the gain increases along the tube. There is no constant accompaniment by the electronbeam, as described. in the previous Suitable phase conditions have to be examples. respected in order to make additive the voltages developed in each elementary unit, and this determines the distance 3/ between. two consecutive horizontal portions.
The electron beam has however to be relatively narrow, and the available power is consequently limited.
' .As before, focusing means may be. provided in order to guide the electron beam along the tube.
Although the present invention has been described for certain examples of embodiment, it
is evident that it is by no means limited thereto, but that the same are capable of numerous variants and modifications without departing from the scope of the invention.
The described amplifiertubes have the. advantage of small size owing to the special arrangement of their members, and they are capable of important gains from low input levels.
What is claimed is: An amplifier of the velocity modulated type comprising a tubular envelope, an annular cathode within saidenvelope, an annular focussing electrode adjacent said cathode forming an electron gun therewith for producing an annular electron beam, at target electrode in the path of said electron beam, and a helical wave guide positioned between said electron gun and said adjacent said cathode, and for the collection of the applied waves at the end adjacent said target electrode, said waveguide helix having a pitch such that electrons of said beam take substantially the same time passingfrom one turn to the next adjacent turn as said Waves to be amplified in passing around a single turn.
' EMILETOURATON.
ANDRE PIQUET. CLAUDE DUMOUSSEAU.
' References Cited in theme of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,064,469 I-Iaeff Dec. 15, 1936 2,300,052 vLindenblad Oct. 27, 1942 2,367,295 Llewellyn Jan. 16, 1945 2,368,031 Llewellyn -Jan. 23, 1945 2,541,843 Tiley July 18, 1947 2,575,383
Field NOV. 20, 1951
US778361A 1946-08-21 1947-10-07 Velocity modulation amplifier tube Expired - Lifetime US2641730A (en)

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FR937736T 1946-08-21

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CH (1) CH265044A (en)
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GB (1) GB651516A (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2748268A (en) * 1955-06-15 1956-05-29 Hughes Aircraft Co Backward-wave oscillator mixer
US2789247A (en) * 1948-07-23 1957-04-16 Philips Corp Traveling wave tube
US2810854A (en) * 1951-10-06 1957-10-22 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Serpentine traveling wave tube
US2943229A (en) * 1955-01-25 1960-06-28 Gen Electric Slow wave structures
EP0471795A1 (en) * 1989-05-03 1992-02-26 Jupiter Toy Company Energy conversion using charge particles
US5227701A (en) * 1988-05-18 1993-07-13 Mcintyre Peter M Gigatron microwave amplifier
US20120081003A1 (en) * 2010-10-04 2012-04-05 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Terahertz interaction circuit having ridged structure
US20130051724A1 (en) * 2011-08-23 2013-02-28 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Terahertz interaction circuit

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2955226A (en) * 1955-06-13 1960-10-04 Univ California Backward-wave amplifier

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2064469A (en) * 1933-10-23 1936-12-15 Rca Corp Device for and method of controlling high frequency currents
US2300052A (en) * 1940-05-04 1942-10-27 Rca Corp Electron discharge device system
US2367295A (en) * 1940-05-17 1945-01-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2368031A (en) * 1940-03-15 1945-01-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2541843A (en) * 1947-07-18 1951-02-13 Philco Corp Electronic tube of the traveling wave type
US2575383A (en) * 1946-10-22 1951-11-20 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High-frequency amplifying device

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2064469A (en) * 1933-10-23 1936-12-15 Rca Corp Device for and method of controlling high frequency currents
US2368031A (en) * 1940-03-15 1945-01-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2300052A (en) * 1940-05-04 1942-10-27 Rca Corp Electron discharge device system
US2367295A (en) * 1940-05-17 1945-01-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2575383A (en) * 1946-10-22 1951-11-20 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High-frequency amplifying device
US2541843A (en) * 1947-07-18 1951-02-13 Philco Corp Electronic tube of the traveling wave type

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2789247A (en) * 1948-07-23 1957-04-16 Philips Corp Traveling wave tube
US2810854A (en) * 1951-10-06 1957-10-22 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Serpentine traveling wave tube
US2943229A (en) * 1955-01-25 1960-06-28 Gen Electric Slow wave structures
US2748268A (en) * 1955-06-15 1956-05-29 Hughes Aircraft Co Backward-wave oscillator mixer
US5227701A (en) * 1988-05-18 1993-07-13 Mcintyre Peter M Gigatron microwave amplifier
EP0471795A1 (en) * 1989-05-03 1992-02-26 Jupiter Toy Company Energy conversion using charge particles
EP0471795A4 (en) * 1989-05-03 1992-05-20 Jupiter Toy Company Energy conversion using charge particles
US20120081003A1 (en) * 2010-10-04 2012-04-05 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Terahertz interaction circuit having ridged structure
US9041289B2 (en) * 2010-10-04 2015-05-26 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Terahertz interaction structure including a folded waveguide with a ridge structure and having an electron beam tunnel passing through the ridge structure
US20130051724A1 (en) * 2011-08-23 2013-02-28 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Terahertz interaction circuit
US8768115B2 (en) * 2011-08-23 2014-07-01 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Terahertz interaction circuit with open cavity portion

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BE480142A (en)
FR937736A (en) 1948-08-25
GB651516A (en) 1951-04-04
CH265044A (en) 1949-11-15

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