US2364322A - Abrading machine - Google Patents

Description

1944- F. A. SHULTZ ET AL 2,364,

ABRADING MACHINE Filed June so, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 2|3|94 205 2IO EIZ 214 206 2H INVENTORS FREDEFHCK A. SHULTZ FRANKLIN L.SPECKMAN LOREN D. WOOLLEY ELWOOD T MAHLMEISTER & LEON N. BARNUM FIG. I

THE/l? ATTORNE Y Dec. 5, 1944. F. A. SHULTZ ET AL ABRADING MACHINE Filed June 30, 1943 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTORS FREDERICK A. SHULTZ FRANKLIN L. SPECKMAN LOREN D. WOOLLEY ELWOOD T. MAHLMEISTER & LEON N. BARNUM THE/R A TTORNEY Dec. 5, 1944. F. A. SHULTZ ET AL 2,364,322

ABRADING MACHINE Filed June 50, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 FIG."

l 358 FIG. I4

(U5 IN VE IV TORS' FREDERICK ASEEUIRIN FIG. l5 FIG, l6 i'SA'EN 'Q. wooLLY 4 ELWOOD T. MAHLMEISTER a 2,76 269 2'76 269 268 273 THE/R ATTORNEY 1944- F. A. SHULTZ ET AL. 2,364,322

ABRADING MACHINE Filed June 30, 1943 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 FIG. I? 0/334 Q lol I FIG-l8 F|G.|9 \224 235 |3| THE/R ATTORNEY Patented Dec. 5, 1944 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ABRADING MACHINE Frederick A. Shultz. Franklin L. Specknian, Loren D. Woolley, Elwood T. Mahlmeister, and Leon N. Barnum, Dayton, Ohio, assignors to The National Cash Register Company, Dayton, Ohio, a corporation of Maryland Application June 30, 1943, Serial No. 492,814

19 Claims.

This invention relates to abrading machines, and particularly to one capable of grinding an object to a very high degree of accuracy, and includes abrading machines to grind three dimensional objects of various formations to a very high degree of exactitude.

More specifically, the invention includes novel means to produce a three-dimensional control cam from a master or model cam.

Formerly the cams were finished by hand-lapplug, which required a considerable amount of time and labor.

It is, therefore, an object of this invention to produce a machine or apparatus to grind objects or cams, and particularly such objects having a three-dimensional control surface.

Another object is to produce an apparatus to perform a grinding operation on the above mentioned types of objects or cams with such speed as to reduce the time and labor to a minimum, and at the same time maintain an extremely high degree of accuracy.

Another object is to produce an apparatus to grind a three-dimensional control cam in approximately twenty-flve percent of the time formerly required by the hand method, while maintaining ultra-precision relative to all three dimensions of the cam.

' A further object is the production of an ultraprecision device to control the work spindle and the master model.

Another object is to produce a novel adjustable control device to accurately determine all positions of the work, relative to all dimensions thereof, in relationship to the abrading or grinding means.

A still further object is the provision of a control device having the same radial dimension as the grinding wheel and means to change the radial dimension of the control device in .order to keep it of the same dimension as the grinding wheel after the latter has been dressed, which decreases its diameter.

With these and incidental objects in view, the invention includes certain novel features of construction and combinations of parts, the essential elements of which are set forth in appended claims, and a preferred form or embodiment of which is hereinafter described with reference to the drawings which accompany and form a part of this specification.

In said drawings:

Fig. 1 is a plan view, in reduced scale, of the apparatus for grinding three dimensional cams and shows the work spindle carrying the master and the piece to be worked upon, the slide and traveling table therefor, the driving means for the work spindle and the sliding table, which driving means is operated by an electric motor, the grinding wheel and electric driving motor for the same, the dressing device for the grinding wheel, and the master gage for gaging the distance between the control device which cooperates with the master cam and the grinding wheel.

Fig. 2 is a front elevation of a portion of the grinding apparatus and shows the work spindle carrying the master cam and the work to be operated upon, and the slide and traveling table, by means of which the work spindle may be moved in any position relative to the control device, as determined by the master cam.

Fig. 3 shows the master gage setting in position on the spindle slide to gage the distance between the control device and the grinding wheel.

Fig. 4 is a plan view partially broken away, showing the system of reduction pulleys and reduction gears which control the rotation and lateral movement of the work spindle.

Fig. 5 is a front elevation of the novel control device for the master cam.

Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the same.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged detail partly in section, showing how the specific part of the control device which cooperates with the master cam can be adjusted to change its radius to make it conform to the grinding wheel after the latter has been dressed down, thus reducing its diameter.

Fig. 8 shows a still further enlarged section of the control rod for the master cam and its mounting, and the clamp for retaining it in a definitely set position.

Fig. 9 is a side elevation showing a portion of the grinding wheel and the dressing means therefor.

Fig. 10 is a plan view of the dressing device for the grinding wheel.

Fig. 11 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the means for gaging the dressing means for the grinding wheel.

Fig. 12 is a side elevation of a portion of the dressing device and the gaging means therefor.

Fig. 13 is an enlarged plan view of one of the control bars which support the control rod for the master cam.

Fig. 14 is an end view of the same, looking toward the stem or cam end.

Fig. 15 is an end view of the same looking toward the V-bearlng end.

Fig. 16 is a side elevation of the same.

Fig. 1'7 shows a modified form of clamping device for clamping the control rod on its V-bar bearings.

Fig. 18 shows a side view oi one form of a three-dimensional cam, which is ground by the present invention.

Fig. 19 is an end view of the same.

Fig. 20 is a side elevation showing a portion of the grinding wheel and the work spindle with the work thereon in cooperation with the grinding wheel, and also illustrates a portion of the traveling table and slide which supports the work spindle.

Fig. 21 is a side elevation of another form of a three-dimensional cam ground by the present invention.

Fig. 22 is an end view of the same.

Fig. 23 is a third form of a three-dimensional cam which is ground by the present invention.

Fig. 24 is an end elevation of the same.

GIHIRAL DESCRIPTION Described in general terms, the invention includes novel means to produce an extremely accurate three-dimensional object, such as a cam, from a master or model, with a great saving in time as compared with the former hand method of production.

To accomplish the above, a novel abrading apparatus has been constructed. This apparatus includes several machine elements all mounted on a common base and all cooperating to produce the desired result in the most economic and efilcient manner.

The work spindle carries a master or model adjacent one end thereof, and the work to be finished, by grinding, adjacent the other end thereof. The spindle is driven at a very slow speed by an electric motor through a system of reduction gears and pulleys.

The work spindle is carried by a reciprocating lide which is mounted on a reciprocating traveling table, which in turn is mounted on the base of the apparatus. The sidewise travel of the table is accomplished by an electric motor and a system of reduction gears and pulleys above mentioned, with the addition of a further gear reduction system driven thereby. Thus the table is moved sidewise to carry the master past a novel adjustable control device and to carry the work past an abrading or grinding means.

The slide upon which the work spindle is directly mounted is moved toward the rear by a weight attached thereto, in order to hold the master in constant contact with the control device at all times, while the master is being rotated and moved sidewise relative to the control device, whereupon the work is always held in the same position relative to the grinding means that the master holds relatively to the control device, whereby said work is accurately ground to the exact size and shape of the master, thus producing an extremely accurate counterpart.

The abrading or grinding means is in the form of a wheel, the grinding edge of which is of the same contour as the contour of the control device. The grinding wheel is driven by a separate motor mounted on the base.

The control device is mounted on a table adjustable sidewise and forward and rearward on a bed secured to the base. This control device is cylindrical and is bent to form a true arc, and is also adjustable independently of its table to maintain a true concentricity of its control or contact surface so that it can be adjusted around the center of its accurate contour to periodically pre- 15 sent new points or control to the master, thus insuring accurate duplications of the master at all times.

The control rod is mounted on a plurality of V -blocks carried on rods projecting radially from the center of the arc of the control device or rod, and bearing on an adjustable control cone. The v-surfaces of the V-blocks are cut on a radius from the center of said are, and when the control rod is clamped in the accurately cut V-block, its concentricity is definitely assured.

The sidewise adjustment of the control table is for maintaining a constant lateral distance between the control rod and the grinding wheel. A master feeler gage set according to'a master block and pin arrangement is provided to check these distances between the control rod and the grinding wheel.

To keep the contour of the grinding wheel in true condition at all times, a dressing device is adjustably mounted on a bed on the base, directly back of the grinding wheel.

As the grinding wheel is decreased in diameter. due to the dressing down of the same to keep it in accurate formation, the adjustable cone of the control device is operated or adjusted so that the working or outside radius of the control rod may at all times be held the same radius as the radius of the grinding wheel, to insure that the object being ground, in the present instance'a three-dimensional cam, will be the exact duplicate of the master, which cooperates with the control rod to bring the cam to be ground into proper relationship with the grinding wheel.

Dumas Dasoiumon Work spindle and rotary drive therelor A work spindle 60 Figs. 1, 2 and 20) is journaled by means of ball bearings OI mounted in bearing heads 82 and 83 of a slide 84, to be later described in detail. Retaining caps 88, 6., 81 and 68 keep the bearings in position in the heads 62 and 63. A portion of the spindle I0 is threaded and has two lock nuts Ill adjacent the cap 61. A clamping collar ll provided with a hub 13 is clamped on a shoulder 12 of the spindle adjacent the cap 68. The lock nuts 10 and the clamping collar H are adjusted and locked into position to prevent end play of the spindle 60, thus retaining said spindle 6| in proper lateral position at all times.

The shoulder 12, of the spindle 80, carries a locating pin 14, which projects into a hole 15 (Figs. 18 and 19) of a three-dimensional cam I6, which in the present application is the object to be ground to duplicate, in exact contour, a master or model cam 'II (Figs. 1, 2 and 7) carried adjacent the left end of the spindle 80. This pin 14 insures that the cam 18 is in the proper angular location on the spindle prior to the grinding thereof.

The cam II is held in lateral position on the spindle between the hub 13 and a collar 18 by a lock nut I! screwed on the end of the spindle ID.

The master cam 11 is held adjacent a shoulder (Figs. 2 and 7) of the spindle 80 by an eccentric collar 8|, which in turn is firmly held against the master cam 11 by a lock nut l2 screwed on the left end of the spindle M. The collar H has a pair of internal tenons l3 (only one shown), which engage splines 84 in the spindle I whereby a locating pin 85 on the collar ll projects into a hole 88 in the master cam 11, thus insuring proper angular location of the cam 11 on the spindle OI. This locating pin II has the same angular locaaccuse tion relative to the splines at all times, and therefore the clamping collar 1! can be easily and readily adjusted so that its locating pin is in the same angular location prior to placing the cam 10 on the spindle.

The spindle 00 is rotated at a very low speed, approximately R. P. M., so that in combination with the lateral travel of the spindle, to be later described, the three-dimensional cam 16 can be ground to a smooth surface, thus producing an extremely accurate duplicate of the master cam 11.

The rotary drive for the spindle 60 is from a motor I00 (Fig. 1) secured to a base IIII, through a system of reduction pulleys and gears. This motor is rated at 1725 R. P. M. The armature shaft of the motor I00 carries a cone pulley I02, driving a belt I03, which drives another cone pulley I00 (Fig. 4) secured to a shaft I05 mounted in a gear box I06 (Figs. 1 and 4) secured to the base IOI.

The shaft I05 carries a worm I01 driving a worm gear I08 secured to a shaft I09, which also has secured thereto a worm IIO driving a worm gear II I secured to a shaft I I2. A universal Joint II3 connects the shaft 2 to a shaft II 0, which is connected to a coupling sleeve II5 having slots II 0 (only one shown) to receive a key II1 secured to and projecting from opposite sides of a shaft II8. A sleeve I I9 covers the slots IIS and key I I1 to prevent any foreign matter from interfering with the free sliding movement of the key H1 and shaft IIB. Another universal joint I Figs. 1 and 2) connects the shaft IIB to a shaft I2I journaled in a bearing hub I22 integral with the head 03. A double pulley I23 is secured to the shaft I2I and through belts I20 drives a double pulley I25 secured to the spindle 60. The slot H6 in the shaft H8 is to permit lateral or sidewise reciprocation of the table which carries the spindle slide 60, which table will be later described, and which is for the purpose of moving the master cam 11 past an adjustable arcuate control rod I30, to be later described, and at the same time move the cam 16 past a grinding wheel I3I The universal joints I I3 and I20 permit the forward and backward movement of the slide 60, which carries the spindle 60 in order to maintain the master cam 11 in constant contact with the control rod I30, while at the same time properly presenting the cam 16 to the grinding wheel I3I to be ground according to the shape of the master cam 11.

From the above description it will be clearly seen that the driving power from the motor I00 (Fig. 1), through the system of shafts, reducing gears and pulleys, just described, rotates the spindle 00 at a slow speed to turn the master cam 11 and the cam 16 while the master cam is held in contact with the adjustable arcuate control rod I to control the position of the cam 16 relative to the abrading or grinding wheel I3I.

The grinding wheel I3I is secured to a shaft I32 mounted in a bearing bracket I33 secured to the base IN. A belt I30 driven by a motor I35, mounted on the base IOI, drives the shaft I32 and the grinding wheel I3I at the proper ped'etermined speed.

Spindle slide The previously mentioned spindle slide 60 is mounted to have free movement from front to rear, and rear to front, to maintain the master cam 11 in constant contact with the control rod I30, which simultaneously presents the cam 16 to the grinding wheel in for finished grinding to duplicate the master cam 11.

Secured to the slide :4 (Fig.2) a as to be I and I02 are located at the rear and along the side edges of the slide 60. These V-bars I00, I and I02 ride on sets of balls I03, which in turn ride in V-bars I00, I05 and I06, secured to a traveling table I01 so as to be flush with the top thereof. Shields I08 secured to the table I01 enter grooves in the slide 00 to prevent any foreign bodies, such as dirt and emery from getting into the bearings of the slide 60 as the same is moved back and forth.

A weight I09 (Fig. 1) below the base IN, is fastened to a cable I50, which runs over a pulley I5I and is connected to the slide 60 to hold the master cam 11 in contact with the control rod I30 while the spindle 60 is rotating, thus presenting the cam 10 to the grinding wheel I3I, to be ground the exact shape of the master cam 11. As the contour of the master varies on any of its radii, the slide 60 rides freely on the sets of balls I03 forward and backward, as determined by the master cam. As these movements forwardly and backwardly of the slides 60 take place, the master cam 11 is moved laterally the entire length of the same by the traveling table I01 in a manner and by means to be later described.

When the grinding operation on the cam 15 has been completed by the wheel I3I the operator grasps a handle I50 and draws the slide 60 forwardly, as viewed in Figs. 1 and 2, to the left as viewed in Fig. 20, to remove the spindle 60 far enough away from the grinding wheel I3I so that the operator can easily remove the finished cam 16 and place another unfinished cam on the spindle 60 to be ground.

Since the slide 60 is drawn to the rear, to the right as viewed in Fig. 20, by. the weight I09, should the operators hand slip off the handle I50 the wheel I3I might be damaged by the cam 16 or the spindle 60 striking against the wheel, or if the cam 16 was still on the spindle it would undoubtedly damagev the cam to such an extent that it could not pass inspection. The master cam 11 would also strike the control rod I30 and probably damage them.

To prevent such contact by the cam 16 or spindle 60 with the wheel I 3| in an accidental manner, a safety device is provided which will now be described.

Journaled in the slide 60 (Figs. 2 and 20) is a shaft I55 having secured to the outer or front end thereof a knurled knob I55 for hand manipulation of the shaft I55. Secured near the inner end of the shaft I 55 is an arm I51. the free end of which is held by a torsion spring I58 against the top of a lug I59 on an adjustable safety slide I60 mounted in the traveling table I01. This slide I00 is provided with a notch I SI and the front end of the slide is cut away to form a shoulder I62.

If the operator, in removing t e slide 60 so as to remove the cam 18 from the wheel I3I, merelytakes hold of the handle I50 and draws the slide 60 to the left as viewed in Fig. 20, as soon as the end of the arm I51 passes off the lug I59 the spring I58 will rock the arm I51 and shaft I55 counter-clockwise, as viewed in Fig. 2, whereupon the free end of the arm I51 will drop in the notch IGI so that if the operators hand should slip off the handle I50 at this time, the arm I51 would stop against the lefthand side of the lug I88, and thus prevent the cam 18 from coming into contact with the wheel I8I. As the operator continues todraw the slide 84 to the left, as viewed in 'Fig. 20, the lefthand angled surface of the notch i8I will automatically .turn the arm I51 in a clockwise direction against the tension of the spring I58, and as the free end of the arm I81 passes the shoulder I82 of the slide I88, the spring I88 will again rock the arm I81 counter-clockwise, moving the free end of said arm down in front of the shoulder I62, thus looking the slide 84 in its inoperative position, in which position the operator usually places the slidewhen changing cams on the spindle 80.

This safety slide I80 is adjustable in order to take care of various sized cams or other objects which are to be placed upon the spindle 80 for grinding. This adjustment of the slide I80 is brought about by a screw I88, which is threaded into the slide I80 and has a knurled knob I84 on the end thereof for hand manipulation. A collar I88 is pinned to the screw I88 so that when the knurled knob I84 is turned, the slide I80 may be moved in and out to any desired extent. depending of course upon the length of the threaded section of the screw I88.

Traveling table and operating means therefor The traveling table I41, which has been previously mentioned, for carrying the master cam 11 sidewise past the control rod I80 and of course for simultaneously carrying the cam 18 to be ground, past the grinding wheel I8I, will now be described.

The sliding table I41 is best shown in detail in Figs. 2 and 20. Secured to the table I41 so as to be flush with the bottom thereof, are three V-bars I10, HI and I12. The V-bar I is in the center and at the right (Fig. 4), and the V-bars HI and I12 are located at the left end of the table along the front and rear sides thereof. These V-bars I10, HI and I12 slide on sets of balls I18, which in turn work in a bearing plate I14, rigidly secured to the base IN. This hearing plate has V-notches I15, I16 and I11, which are located opposite the V-bars I10, I" and I12, respectively. Shields I18 secured in the bearing block I14 enter grooves in the table I41 to prevent any dirt or emery from getting into the bearings of the table I41 as it is being moved sidewise.

To prevent the table I41 from rising or jumping up or bumping as it is traveling sidewise' in either direction, there is provided a pair of roller bearings I80 (Figs. 1, 2 and 20) which are mounted on tenons of a block I82, slidably mounted on a vertical stud I88, which is screwed into the base IOI. This stud I88 projects up through an opening I84 of the table I41 and the pair of rollers I80 roll on a finished surface I85 of a boss on the top of the table I41. The pair of rollers I80 are held in proper position by spacing washers I88, which in turn are held by a pair of lock nuts I81 screwed on the end of the stud I88.

The left end of the table I41, as viewed in Fig. 2, has secured thereto a bracket I80 carrying a roller I8I cooperating with the race I82 of a drum cam I88 secured to a shaft I84, mounted in parallel vertical arms I88 of a block I88, which is secured to the base IOI..

As viewed in Figs. 1 and 2, the roller occupies the righthand portion of the race I82, and therefore as the drum cam I88 is turned in a clockaaogsza to move the master cam 11 past the control rod I88 and at the same time move the cam 18 to be ground past the grinding wheel Ill.

80 that there will be no back-lash or lost motion or bobbing from side to side of the table I41, due to working clearances between the roller I8I and the cam race I82, a weight I81 connected to a cable I88, which runs over a pulley I88, holds the roller I8I against the righthand side wall of the race I82 as the drum cam I88 is rotated. This cam race I82 is cut so that a onehalf revolution of the drum cam I 88 moves the table I41 from the position shown in Fig. 2 toward the left a distance sufficient to move the master cam 11 past the control rod I88, and at the same time move the cam 18 to be ground past the grinding wheel I8I. As the drum cam I88 completes its rotation, the cam race I82, as will be clear from the view of this race in Fig. 1, will move the table I41 back to the right as viewed in Fig. 2, to move the master cam 11 and the cam to be ground past the control rod I88 and wheel I8I from left to right, as viewed in Fig. 1.

In other words, a half-turn of the cam I88 is sufficient to complete the grinding of one of the cams 18, after which the spindle 80 is stopped from rotating and the slide I84 is drawn forwardly and the finished cam 18 removed and another unground cam placed on the spindle 88. whereupon the slide 84 is again moved into position and the table I41 moved to the right to grind a second cam.

The means for rotating the shaft I84 to operate the drum cam I 88, as above described, will now be considered.

Since the spindle 80 is driven at a very slow speed, 15 R. P. M., as above mentioned, it is necessary to move the traveling table I 41 at an extremely slow speed in order to get a good, clean and accurate grinding job on the cam 18.

Therefore, in order to move the traveling table I41 at the extremely slow speed that is necessary, it is necessary to rotate the drum cam I88 at a very slow speed.

This rotation of the cam I88 is accomplished from the previously described shaft II2, which, it will be remembered, is operated to drive the spindle at about 15 R. P. M.

Secured to the shaft II2 (Fig. 4) is a worm 208 which drives a worm gear 20I fastened to a shaft 202, which in turn carries a worm 288 which drives a worm gear 204, which is secured .to a shaft 208 j'ournaled in the gear box I88.

The ratio of the gear drive from the shaft I88, which carries the cone pulley I04, which it will be remembered is driven from the motor I88. to the shaft 288, is approximately 20,000 to 1 reduction, and consequently the shaft 208 is driven at approximately .038 R. P. M.

A flexible coupling 208 is connected to the shaft 205 by means of a pilot screw 281, which extends into a groove 208 in the shaft 208. This flexible coupling 208 is also connected by means of a key 208 to a shaft 2I0. Secured on the end of the shaft 2I0 is a hubbed collar 2. The periphery of the collar 2| I is threaded'to receive a coupler 2I2 which is slipped over the hub of a disk 2I8 secured to the shaft I84. The collar 2II may be made of steel and the disk 2I8 may be made of bronze or any other suitable metal. When the coupler 2I2 is screwed tightly on the threaded collar 2| I, the faces of the collar 2 and disk 2I8 are drawn tightly together, and

wise direction the table I41 is moved to the left (I thus the rotation of the shaft 2I8 is transmitted to the shaft I94, to which the drum cam I93 is secured.

From the above description it can be seen that the shaft I94, through the system of reduction gears and pulleys, is driven at an extremely slow speed by the motor I99.

As previously pointed out, a one-half rotation of the shaft I94 and drum cam I93 is sufiicient to carry the master cam 'II past the control rod I39 and to carry the cam 19 to be ground past the grinding wheel I3l.

At the end of the grinding of one of the cams 13 the slide 94 is moved forwardly as previously described, and of course the motor I99 is stopped by the usual switch button, not shown. The finished cam I9 is removed from the spindle 69 and an unfinished cam is placed thereon, ready for grinding.

Should the shaft I94 and cam I93 have rotated slightly past the 180 degree position, then in order to start the sliding table I" at the proper place, the operator merely grasps the coupler 2I2 and loosens the same, thus releasing the disk 2l3 from the driving collar 2I I, and .then manually turns the shaft I94 and drum cam I93 by means of a knurled collar 2", which is pinned to the shaft I94 for this purpose. After the shaft I94 has been so adjusted to bring the spindle 99 to the proper starting place, the operator .again tightens the coupler 2I2 on the driving collar 2[ I so that the disk 2I3 and shaft I94 willbe driven from the motor I99.

From the above description it can be clearly seen that as the spindle 69 is being rotated very slowly to turn the master cam 11 against the control rod I39, and at the same time turn the cam 16 to be ground, the shaft I94, and drum cam I93 are rotated still much slower than is the spindle 69, with the consequent result that the table I4! is moved very slowly sidewise to move the master cam 11 sidewise relatively to the control rod I39.

Therefore, since the master cam 11 is a threedimensional cam, as it is being rotated and at the same time moved laterally relatively to the control rod I39, all points of the surface of this master cam come in contact with the control rod I39, and consequently the cam 16 is ground by the grinding wheel I3l in exact duplicate with the master cam 11.

Control device As has been previously stated in a general way, the control rod I39 is of a diameter comparable to the thickness of the grinding wheel I3I. This wheel l3l is dressed so that the grinding face thereof, is a true semi-circle corresponding to the control rod I39. Moreover the control rod I39 is adjustably mounted so that its outside periphery or the curvature of that surfaceof the control rod I39 with which the master cam 11 comes into contact, may be kept at'fali times the same radius as the grinding surface of the grinding wheel I3I.

With this type of construction-it can'beseen that as the grinding wheel I3l is dressed down, which is necessary with all grinding wheels, and particularly when attempting toproduce such an exact duplicate as the invention here produces,

it is'necessary to dress the grinding wheel much more often than it is with the ordinary plain surface grinding.

Therefore, as this wheel I3I is dressed down it gradually becomes of smaller diameter, and in wheel I3I the control rod I39 is uniquely mounted and is adjustable so that it can at all times be kept of the same radius as the radius of the grinding wheel I3I.

The control device carrying the control rod I39 includes a base 229 (Figs. 1, 5 and 6) adjustable from front to back to take up any discrepancies in the machining of parts or any backlash that might occur through wear and from other causes, and also a head which is adjustable relatively to the base 229 for the purpose of maintaining an accurate dimension of distance between the center of the control rod I39 and the center of-the grinding wheel l3l so that the cam 16 will be ground exactly the same at all points along its length as the master relatively to the variable radial distances on this length. As has been described above, the master cam 11 and the cam 16 to be ground are always located exactly the same distance apart, and it is this same distance that must positively be maintained between the rod I39 and the grinding wheel I3l.

The control device is best shown in Figs. 5 to 8 in detail and in Fig. 1 generally. It might be well to state here that the center line of the rod 399, carried by the head 22I, which center line is the axis of the control rod I39, should coincide with, or be on the same horizontal line, as the ..-axis of the grinding wheel I3I.

order to compensate for this dressing of the 79 The base 229 is mounted to slide on a dovetailed block 222 integral with the base IN. The base 229 carries a gib 223, adjustably by gib screws 224 for determining the tightness of the sliding fit desired between the base 229 and the dovetailed block 222. A looking or set screw 225 is provided and is threaded into the gib so that the base 229 may be securely looked after it has been once adjusted to the proper position.

The head 22I has a dovetailed slide connection indicated at 229 (Fig. 6) with the base 229 and a gib 221 is adjusted by means of gib screws 228 to arrive at the proper sliding fit for the dovetailed connection 226. A looking or set screw 229 is used to lock the head 22I after it has been adjusted into the desired position.

The base 229, and consequently the head 22I may be adjusted from front to back as viewed in Fig. 1, for the purposes of taking up any lost motions or due to backlash or machining of the parts so that the control rod I39 will be in the proper position relative to the surface of the grinding wheel I3I. This is accomplished by the following means:

Threaded into the front of the base 229 is a rod 239 having a bearing in a bracket 23I secured to the base I 9 I, as shown in Fig. 1. A spoked wheel 232 is secured to the outer end of the rod 239. The wheel 232 and a collar 233 pinned to the rod 239 adjacent the bracket 23I prevent any longitudinal movement of the rod 239 while it is being turned-either clockwise or counter-clockwise by the spoked wheel 232. Slipped over the wheel 232 is a graduated collar 235 held in position by a pair of thumb screws 234 (only one shown). The graduations on the collar 235 cooperate with a fixed line 239 on the bracket 23I so that when the wheel and rod are turned, the number of graduations on the collar 235 will tell how many thousandths of an inch the rod 239 hasv been moved either forward or backward, and consequently how far the base 229 has been moved to make any necessary fine adjustments.

It can be seen that with this micrometer adjustment of the rod 239 any lost motion or backlash due to the manufacture of the parts can in contact with the grinding wheel I3 I.

be taken out so as to properly position the control rod I30 relative to the grinding wheel I3I.

Before such adjustment of the table 220 can take place, it is of course necessary to loosen the locking screw 225, after which it can be tightened again to maintain the definite set position between the base IOI and the base 220 of the adjustable control device.

As has been previously stated, it is absolutely necessary that the distance from the rod I30 to the grinding wheel I3I be maintained at all times. Should this distance vary or become changed, then the head 22I may be adjusted sidewise by a screw 240 threaded into the head 22I. This screw has a bearing in a bracket 2, which is integral with the control device base 220, and the screw 240 is prevented from any longitudinal movement in'the bracket 2 by means of a pair of collars 242 which are pinned to the screw 240. A hand knob 243 is secured to the outer end of the screw 240 so that the screw may be turned.

Before turning the screw it is, of course, necessary to release the locking screw 229 (Figs. 1 and 6) so that the head 22I may be freely moved relatively to the base 220. It can be clearly seen that by turning the knob 243, the head 22I may be shifted either to the right or to the left (as viewed in Figs. 1 and for the purposeof accurately setting the rod I30 the proper distance away from the grinding wheel I3I.

This distance between the control rod I30 and the grinding wheel I 3| is checked by a dial gage 244, shown in Figs. 1 and 3. This dial gage is normally kept on a block 245 carrying fixed pins 246 and 241, which have been located the exact distance thatthe rod' I30 is to be maintained from the grinding wheel I3I. these pins 246 and 241 is of the same diameter as the rod I30 and the thickness of the grinding wheel I3I.

A rigid V-bl-ock 24 8 'of the gage 244 contacts the pin 246 and a pivoted V-block 249 contacts the pin 241. The V-block 249 cooperates with a sliding pin 250, which operates a hand 25I on a reading-dial 252, which is a part of the gage 244.

The dial 252 is set so that the hand 25I reads zero before the gage 244 is removed from the block 245 and pins 246 and 241. After the dial 252 has been set so that the handreads at zero, the gage 244 is then rested upon a pair of projecting fingers 253,- which project from the slide 64, with the rigid end or V-block 248 of the gage 244 The pivoted V-block 249 is then placed against the rod I30 (as shown in Fig. 3), and if the hand 25I now reads zero, then the rod I30 is the exact proper distance from the wheel I3I. If there is a variation so that the hand 25I shows that the distance is not the same as that set by the mas- 'ter pins 246 and 241, then the hand wheel 243 (Fig. 5) is turned to move the head 22I either to the right or to the left as viewed in Figs. 1 and ,5, until the hand 25I registers zero on the reading dial 252, at which time the rod I30 will be the proper distance away from the grinding wheel I3I.

As has been previously stated, this is a very important dimension to maintain because particularly of the three-dimensional cams ,which are being ground by the wheel I3I. It is, therefore, absolutely necessary that the cam 16 be started to be ground at the exact proper corresponding part on the master cam 11 which can be done only when the rod I30 is maintained the proper distance from the grinding wheel I 3I, because it The diameter of will be remembered that the master cam 11, and the cam 16 to be ground, are in a definite fixed relation to each other on the spindle 60.

The manner of mounting and adjusting the control rod I66 to change its control surface radius will now be described in detail. A sleeve 266 has a tenon 26I (Fig. 5) pressed into a counterbore in the righthand face of the head 22 I. This sleeve 260 also has a shoulder 262 which abuts against the face of the head HI and is held securely against the same by means of fillister head screws 263. Journaled on the sleeve 260 are disks 264 and 265 between which is journaled a circular plate 266, having five radially drilled holes 261 for the reception of five stems 266 of five V- blocks 269, upon which the control rod I30 is adapted to be clamped to hold it in position for the master cam 11 to operate against to control the grinding of the cam 16. The V-notches are cut on an arc the center of which coincides with the center of the plate 266. Mounted opposite the v-blocks 266 and between the disks 264 and 265 by means of screws 210 is an arcuate spacing block 21I.

By eferring to Fig. I, it will be noted that the disks 264 and 265 are relieved on their adjacent faces so that that part of the disks 264 and 265 which engages the V-blocks 266 is narrower than the relieved portion. Therefore, these two disks, 264 and 265, form clamps for the V-blocks 266 when the disk s 264 and 265 are drawn up tightly against the shoulder 262 by means of a pair of lock nuts 212.

The inner=.ends of the stems 266 are tapered 'as shown in Figs. 13, 14 and 16. and have beveled ends 214 which contact a cone 215 (Figs. 5 and 7) the purpose of which will be hereinafter described. By referring particularly to Figs. 15 and 16, it will be noted that the V-blocks 266 are relieved as at 216, at right angles to the direction of the V out in the end of the V block 269. This gives a better and more accurate bearing for the rod I66 when it is clamped in the V of the block 266.

The cone 215 forms a bearing for the beveled ends 214 of the stems 266 of the V-blocks 266. The control rod I 66 is clamped in the V's of the V-blocks 266 by clamps 211 and 216. These clamps are each mounted on a eye bolt 216 held in position by a knurl-handled pin 260. These clamps 211 and 216 are of such a size as to have a slip fit between the outer circumferential sections of the disks 264 and 265. A link 26I is held between the diks 264 and 265 by a knurl-headed pin 262. This link 2" has a rounded end fitting in a groove 266 located near the end of the clamp 211. This link 26I forms a bearing so that when the clamp 211 is tightened'down on the eye bolt 219 by a wing nut 264, the forward end of the clamp 211 which has a V out therein to bear on the rod I 36 will be drawn down tightly against this rod I36. The clamp 216 is clamped down on the lower portion of the rod I60 in exactly the same manner by a wing nut 264 on an eye bolt 216. A guiding pin 265 prevents the link 26! from falling down in between the disks 264 and 265 during the assembly and tightening up of the control rod I66.

From the above it will be clearly seen that the outer surface of the rod I 30 will be bent to an absolutely true concentricity relative to the cen. ter of the head 22I,' the axis of which it will be recalled coincides with the axis of the grinding wheel I3I.

Along the face marked 266 (Fig. 5) are a series of graduations placed approximately four degrees and fifteen minutes apart. Secured to the top of the head 22I is an indicator pointer 281.

After a certain number of cams have been ground the position of the control rod I30 relative to the master can be easily changed so as to present a new surface of the control rod I30 to the master cam to make sure the cams being ground are exact duplicates of the master. The purpose of this, of course, is because of the wear on the control rod I 30 occasioned by the constant contact with it by the master cam 11 as the latter is being rotated and slid along the rod I30.

In order to quickly and easily adjust the rod I30 so that a new position thereof will cooperate with the master cam 11, the operator need only to loosenthe two lock nuts 212 and then by means of a handle 288 (Fig. 6) which may be inserted in a hole in the arcuate bar 21I, turn the disks 264 and 265 and collar 266 on the sleeve 260 to present a new portion of the rod I30 to the master cam 11. Prior to making this adjustment of the rod it is best to loosen the clamps 211 and 218 slightly by turning the wing nuts 284, thus relieving the pressure of the stems 268 on the cone 215. After the rod I30 has been adjusted, the wing nuts 284 are again tightened to maintain the true concentricity of the rod I 30 relative to the center of head 22I. The sleeve 260 has a s1ot'289 (Fig. 7) long enough to allow clearance for the stems 268 upon the maximum adjustment of the rod I30. As shown in Fig. 6, the rod I30 extend a little way into the clamp 218 and a pin 290 prevents the rod from falling through the clamp and getting away from contact with the V-blocks 269.

It has been previously stated that, as the diameter of the grinding wheel l3| is decreased due to the dressing down of the same in order to keep it in proper shape, the rod I30 may be adjusted so that the radius of that part of the rod which contacts the master cam 11 will be the same as the radius of the grinding wheel I3I. To accomplish this adjustment the cone 215 may be adjusted, that is, moved to the right as viewed in Fig. 5, and downwardly as viewed in Fig. 7, to" present a smaller diameter of the section of the .cone as bearing for the beveled ends 214 of the stems 268 of the V-blocks 269. It can be seen that as the'cone 215 is moved downward,.as viewed in Fig. 7, and with the rod I30 being clamped tightly against the V-blocks 269, the working surface of the rod I30 can be controlled as: to its diameter; that is, the radius of the control or working surface of the rod, against which the master cam 11' is slid and turned, can be reduced to make it conform to the radius of the reduced size of the grinding wheel I3I, thus at all times insuring that the cam 16 which is ground will be an exact duplicate of the master cam 11.

The manner of mounting the cone 215, and of adjusting the same to reduce the radius of the rod I30 to conform with the grinding wheel, will now be described.

A rod 300 is mounted to slide in the head 22 I. This rod carries a 'Woodruff key 30I which slides in a groove 302 in the head 22I. The rod 300 has a tenon 303 upon which the cone 215 is mounted. The tenon 303, shown in Fig. 7, is not quite as long as the length of the cone 215, and therefore the small end of the cone can be tightly clamped against the shoulder of the rod 300 by a washer 304 and a nut 305 screwed on a smaller tenon of the rod 300 beyond the tenon 303.

The left end of the rod 300, as viewed in Fig. 5,

has a threaded tenon 306 upon which is mounted a nut 301 having a tapered flange 308 with scale marks thereon. This nut 301 is mounted between the face of the head 22! and a pair of fingers 309 fastened to the head 22I by screws 3 6.

When it is desired to reduce the working radius of the rod I30, the nut 301 is turned on the tenon 306, and since the rod 300 cannot turn due to the Woodruff key 30I, the rod and cone 215 may be moved to the right, as viewed in Fig. 5, to present a smaller section of its conical diameter to the beveled ends 214 of the stems 268 of the V-blocks 269, upon which the rod I 30 is mounted. The distance, of course, which the cone 215 is moved to the right to reduce the diameter of the rod I30 depends upon how much has been dressed off the diameter of the grinding wheel I3I.

After the cone 215 has been adjusted, the rod 300 is locked in position relative to the head 22! by means of pinch bushings 3l0 and 3 (Figs.

5 and 6). The bushing 3l0 is threaded to receive a screw 3I2 which has pinned to the top thereof a handle 3I3 for ease of operation and for being able to make the pinch bushings 3 I 0 and 3H clamp the rod 300 to prevent any movement thereof. The bushing 300 is cut away as at 3M and the bushing 3| I is cut away as at 3I5 to conform to the shape of the rod 300. These bushings 3| 0 and 3H are loosely slipped into holes bored vertically in the head 22I, and when the screw 3I2 is turned by the handle 3I3 the surfaces 3l4 and 3l5 of thebushings 3l0 and 3H firmly press against the side of the rod 300 and prevent any longitudinal movement of the rod 300 relative to the head 22!.

Modified form of clamp for control rod In addition to the clamping device shown in Fig. 6 for the control rod I30, there is shown in Fig. 1'7 2. simplified and modified form of a clamping device for holding the true concen tricity of the control rod I30 at all times.

Referring particularly to Fig. 17, the simplified clamping device for the control rod I30 includes clamps 320 and 32I, which are mounted between the disks 264 and 265. The forward fingers of the clamps 320 and 32I are provided with V-notches to contact the outer periphery of the rod I30 as shown. Pins 322 and 323 provide bearing surfaces for the clamps 320 and 32I adjacent the clamping ends of the same. These pins project through the disks 264 and 265 through slots 324 and 325 in the clamps 320 and 32I. These pins 322 and 323 are flattened where they cooperate with the slots 324 and 325 in order to give better'bearing surfaces for the clamps 320 and 32!. The clamps 320 and 32I are both pivoted at their right ends, as viewed in Fig. 17, to a block 328. Threaded into the block 328 is a screw 329 having a bearing on its inner end in a block 330 located between the disks 264 and 265 by dowel pins 33I, and fastened to the plate 266 (not shown in Fig. 1'1, but shown in Fig. '1) by screws 332. The screw 329 is grooved near its inner end and a pin 333 prevents the screw 329- from being drawn out of the block 330 when the clamps 320 and 32I are loosened.

From the above illustration in Fig. 17 and the description, it will be clear that when the screw 326 is tightened or turned clockwise, the block 326 will be moved to the right and consequently, due to the pivotal connections of the pins 326 and 321 and the sliding and pivotal connections of the pins 322 and 323, the fingers of the clamps will be drawn very tightly against the control rod I30, causing it to firmly rest in the V- notches of all of the V-blocks 269.

When changing the position of the rod I relative to the master cam 11 for the purposes previously described, that is, to maintain greater accuracy in the grinding of the cams 16, the screw 323 is loosened slightlyto relieve the pressure of the clamping fingers on the rod I30, which consequently relieves the pressure of the stems 266 (Fig. 7) of the V-blocks 263 against the cone 215. After this release of the clamps 320 and 32I a wrench 334, shown in dot and dash lines in Fig. 17, having two pins projecting into holes 335 in the disk 264 is used to rotate the disks 264 and 265, and consequently the control rod I30 to bring a new portion thereof adjacent the control cam 11. A pin 336 is provided in the clamp 32I to prevent the rod I30 from sliding throughthe clamp when the clamps are released for the purpose of adjusting the rod I30 into a new position.

As stated atthe outset of this specification, the invention here is not limited to the grinding of a single type or form of three-dimensional cam. Another form of three-dimensional cam 331 is shown in Figs. 21 and 22. This cam is provided with a locating hole 338 comparable to the locating hole 15 in the cam 16.

In Figs. 23 and 24, a still diiferent form of three-dimensional cam is shown, which can be readily ground by the machine embodying the present invention. This cam also has the locating hole 340, which is comparable to the locating hole 15 of the cam 16, which is shown in actual position on the work spindle 60.

Grinding wheel dresser As has been previously stated, in order to grind the cam accurately so as to produce an exact duplicate of the master which is being used on the spindle 60, whether such master be the cam 16 (Figs. 18 and 19), 331 (Figs. 21 and 22), or the cam 333 (Figs. 23 and 24), or any other type of twoor three-dimensional cam, it is necessary to dress down the grinding wheel I3I in a very.

accurate manner so that the contour of this grinding wheel I3I will at all times be the same contour as the control rod I 30, aganist which the master cam 11 works.

This dressing device is shown generally in Fig. l, and in detail in Figs. 9 to 12, and includes a base 350 securely fastened to the machine base IOI directly to the rear of the grinding wheel I3I. The base 350 is provided with a dovetailed block I, upon which is adapted to slide a block 352, the same being adjusted and guided on the block 35I by the usual gib (not shown) which is fastened to the block 352 by gib screws 353.

In Fig. 9 the block 352 is shown in its extreme righthand position wherein a pin 354 is in contact with a stop pin 355 secured to the base 350. The block 352 may be locked in any position on the dovetailed block 35I by a locking screw 356.

The upper part of the block 352 is provided with a dovetailed way 351 for the reception of a slide 358. The adjustment of the slide 358 in the way 351 here again is accomplished by the usual gib (not shown) secured to the block 352 Ill) by gib screws 353. Handles 360 secured in the 73 side of the block 352 provide a convenient way for a quick adjustment of the blocks 352 from a non-dressing position into a position whereby the pin 354 is contacting the stop pin 355. After this adjustment has been made and the screw 356 operated to lock the block 352 relatively to the base 350, a screw 36I threaded into the block 352 and having a bearing in a block 362 secured to the slide 356 may be turned by a knob 363 secured to the screw 36I to adjust the slide 353 relatively to the block 352 from left to right, or right to left, as viewed in Fig 9. The knob 363 is provided with graduations 364 which cooperate with a single line 365 on the block 362 so that a micrometer adjustment of the slide 353 may be made and the operator will know how far to turn the screw in order to dress of! a certain number of thousandths of inches from the diameter of the grinding wheel I3I. A collar 333 pinned to the screw 33I prevents any longitudinal movement of the screw 33I relative to the block 362, so that when the screw is turned the slide 356 will be adjusted relatively to the block 352. A locking screw 361 is provided to lock the slide 356 in the position into which it has been adjusted so that it cannot move after having once been set for a definite dressing operation of the wheel I 3I.

As has been previously stated, the contour of the grinding wheel I3I is semi-circular to correspond to the control rod I33. In other words, the radius of the periphery of the grinding wheel I3I is the same as one-half the diameter of the control rod I30.

Therefore, the dressing element, which in the present instance is a diamond point 313, is mounted for an arcuate movement of degrees so as to dress the proper contour on the periphery of the grinding wheel I3I.

Securely fastened to the top of the slide 353 is an arcuate-shaped T bar 31I, upon which is mounted a block 312 carrying a rod 313 which supports the diamond point 310. The rear end of the rod 313 is threaded to receive a knurled collar 314. The block 312 may be swung 180 'degrees on the T bar 31I by a handle 315 secured to the block 312. A locking clamp screw 333 is provided to lock the rod 313 in a fixed position relative to the block 312 after the diamond point 313 has been adjusted by moving the rod 313 by means of the knurled collar 314.

Prior to dressing the wheel a gage block 313 shown in dot and dash lines in Fig. 10, is set on the T block 31I and held in a definite location by pins 311 which enter holes 316 (Fig. 1) in the top of the T bar 31I. This gage block 313 has an opening to receive a bushing 313 (Fig. 12) which carries a gage pin 360, having four fiattened sides so as to leave only short round sur faces 36I as shown in Fig. 11. This gage pin 330 may be turned by the operator grasping the bushing 316 and rotating the same to bring all four surfaces 36I into contact with the point of the diamond 310. This is done while the block 312 is at the same time being moved through 180 degrees of movement on the T bar 3" so as to make sure that the diamond is properly set to dress the wheel down at all points on the 180- degree surface, so that the periphery of the grinding wheel I3I will absolutely correspond to the periphery of the control rod I30. Stop pins 362 in the T block 31I prevent the block 312 from being moved too far. Should the diamond point 310 not touch all four corners 33I oi the gage pin 330, the rod 313 is adjusted by the knurled collar 314 to accomplish this purpose.

After the diamond point 310 has been adjusted, then the rod 113 is locked in the block 312 by means of the locking clamp screw 38! so that a there can be no relative movement between the rod and the block. A retaining plate 384 (Fig. 12) holds the block 312 from any upward movement as it is being rotated around on the T bar 31 While the form of apparatus herein shown and described is admirably adapted to fulfill the obiects primarily stated, it is to be understood that it is not intended to confine the invention to the forms of embodiment herein disclosed, for it is susceptible of embodiment in various forms all coming within the scope of the claims which follow.

What is claimed is:

1. In an apparatus for grinding an object in conformity with a master object, the combination of a spindle carrying said master object and the object to be ground; means for rotating said spindle and for simultaneously shifting the spindle along the axis on which it rotates; rotatable grinding means mounted on a non-shiftable support; a control device, mounted on a support shidtable to provide means for adjusting the relative positions of the grinding means and the control means, said control means cooperating with said master object as the latter is being rotated and laterally shifted-past the control device, to control the position of the object to be ground relative to the periphery of the grinding wheel to cause the object to be ground to be an exact duplicate of the master object; and means to move the spindle toward the control device and the grinding means to constantly maintain the master object in contact with the control device and the object in contact with the grinding means.

2. In an apparatus for grinding an object in conformity with a master object, the combination of a spindle carrying said master object and the object to be ground; rotatable grinding means mounted on a fixed support; means for rotating said spindle and for simultaneously shifting the latter along the axis on which it rotates; means for also simultaneously shifting the spindle at right angles to the axis on which it rotates; a curved control device having the same contour as the rotatable grinding means for cooperating with the master object as the latter is being rotated and shifted in the said two directions to control the position of the object to be ground relative to the periphery of the grinding means to cause the object to be ground to be finished in exact duplicate as the master object; and means to rotate said control means'on the axis of its curve to periodically present different sections of its periphery to the master object to maintain accuracy in the grinding of the object.

3. In an apparatus for grinding an object in conformity with a master object, the combination of a spindle carrying said master object and the object to be ground at adeflnite distance apart on saidspindle; rotatable grinding means; means for rotating said spindle; acurved conand means for moving said member laterally in;

either direction while said spindle is being rotated to present all points of the surface of the three-dimensional; objectv to bev ground to the grinding means, and to slmultaneouslyxpresent all points of thesurface of the. master object to the control device while the spindle is being rotated to control the grinding .of'the contour of said object to be ground.

. 4.In an apparatus for grinding an object in conformity with a master object. the combination of a spindle carrying said master object and the object to be ground at a definite distance apart on said spindle; rotatable grinding means; means for rotating said spindle; a curved control device for cooperating with said master object; supporting means for said spindle, including a'slide movable toward and away from the grinding means and the control device and a laterally movable member carrying said slide; means'for moving saidmem-ber laterally in either direction while said spindle is being rotated to present all points of the surface of the three-dimensional object to beground to the grinding means and to simultaneously present all points of the surface of the master object to the control device, while the spindle is being rotated to control the grinding of the contour of said object to be ground; an adjustable device for supporting said control device; and means to shift the adjustable device to maintain the distance between the control device and the grinding means the same as that between the master object and the object to be ground.

5. In an apparatus for grinding an object in conformity with a master object, the combination of a spindle carrying said master object and the object to be ground; rotatable grinding means; means for rotating said spindle and simultaneously shifting the latter along the axis on which it rotates; a control device for cooperating with said master object as the latter is being rotated and laterally shifted to control the position of the object to be ground relative to the periphery of the grinding means; and adjustable means for supporting said control device, including a rotatable device and means thereon for clamping said control device thereto for adjustment of the control device relative to the master object to present new surfaces of the control device to the master object.

6. In an apparatus for grinding an object in conformity with a master object, the combination of a spindle carrying said master object and the object to be ground; rotatable grinding means; means for rotating said spindle and simultaneously shifting the latter along the axis on which it rotates; a control device for cooperating with said master object as the latter is being rotated and laterally shifted to control the position of the object to be ground relative to the periphery of the grindingwheel; adjustable means for supporting said control device, including a rotatable device and means thereon for clamping said control device thereto for adjustment of the control device relative to the master object to present new surfaces of the control device to the master object; a plurality of radially arranged members each-having a V-notch across the end thereof and-into which the curved control device rests; means carried by the rotatable device for clamping said curved control device in the V notches of the radially arranged members; and a bearing means for the inner ends of the radially arranged members and against which said members are drawnby said clamping means to insure true concentricity of the working surface of said control device relative to the axis of the grinding means to cause the object to be ground to be presented to the grinding means the same distance from the axis of the grinding means that the master object is from the axis of the supporting means of the control means.

7. In an apparatus for grinding an object in conformity with a master object, the combination of a spindle carrying said master object and the object to be ground; rotatable grinding means; means for rotating said spindle and simultaneously shifting the latter along the axis on which it rotates; a curved control device for cooperating with said master object as the latter is being rotated and laterally shifted to control the position of the object to be ground relative to the periphery of the grinding wheel; supporting means for said control device, including a plurality of rotatable disks, the axis of which coincides with the axis of the grinding means, and a plurality of radially arranged members each having a V notch cut across the end thereof to act as a bearing for said control device; clamping means supported by said disk for clamping said control device in said V notches of the radially arranged members; a cone-shaped bearingmember against which the inner ends of the radially arranged members abut, the axi of said cone-shaped bearing member and the axis of the grinding means, and also the axis of the curved control device all coinciding; and means for shifting said cone-shaped bearing member along its axis to decrease the radius of the working surface'of the control device to make it conform exactly to the radius of the grinding means, the radius of which changes due to constant wear and the dressing of the same.

8. In an apparatus for grinding an object in conformity with a master object, the combination of a spindle carrying said master object and the object to be ground at a definite distance apart from one another; means for rotating said spindle and for simultaneously shifting the latter along the axis on which it rotates; a curved control rod for cooperating with said master object as the latter is being rotated and laterally shifted to control the position of the object to be ground relative to the periphery of the grinding means; adjustable supports for said control rod; means for clamping said control rod to the adjustable supports to retain the rod in position on its adjustable supports so that the radius of its working surface is the same as the radius of the grinding surface of the grinding means; and means for adjusting the supports for the control rod to change the radius of the working surface of said rod to make it conform to the radius of the grinding surface of said grinding means.

9. In an apparatus for grinding an object in conformity with a master object, the combination of a spindle carrying said master object and the object to be ground at a definite distance apart on said spindle; rotatable grinding means; an arcuate control device cooperating with said master object, the axis of said control device being the same as the axis of said grinding means, and the contour of said grinding means being exactly the same as the contour of said control device; a support for said control device; means for adjusting said support toward and away from said grinding means; means for adjusting said support toward and away from said grinding master object; means for rotating said spindle; a sliding support for said spindle for maintaining said master object in contact with said control device; and a traveling table carrying said sliding suprotatable grinding means;-

port and adapted to be moved at right angles to the movement of said sliding support to present all points of the surface of said master object to the control device while the spindle is being rotated to present all points of the object to be ground to the grinding means.

10. In an apparatus for grinding an object in conformity with a, master object, the combination of a spindle carrying said master object and the object to be ground at a definite distance apart on said spindle; rotatable grinding means; means for rotating said spindle; a control rod cooperating with said master object, the shape of the periphery of the grinding means being exactly the sam shape as the control rod; a plurality of members for supoprting said control rod; means for clamping said rod to said members to shape said control rod so that its working surface is concentric to the axis of said grinding means; an adjustable conical support against which said supporting members are drawn by said clamping means; means for adjusting said conical support to change the radius of the working surface of said control rod; and means for supporting said spindle for movement toward and away from said control rod and the grinding means and also for movement laterally relative to said control device and the grinding means while the spindle is being rotated.

11. In an apparatus for grinding an object in conformity with a. master object, the combination of a spindle carrying said master object and the object to be ground at a definite distance apart on said spindle; rotatable grinding means; means for rotating said spindle and simultaneously' shifting said spindle along the axis on which it rotates; an adjustable control device for cooperating with said master object as the latter is being rotated and laterally shifted to control the position of the object to be ground relative to the periphery of the grinding wheel, said control device having an axis in axial alinement with the axis of the grinding means; and means for adjusting said control device radially relative to its axis.

12. In an apparatus for grinding an object in conformity with a master object, the combination of a spindle carrying said master object and the object to be ground at a definite distance apart on said spindle; rotatable grinding means; means for rotating said spindle and simultaneously shifting said spindle along the axis on which it 1 rotates; an adjustable control device for cooperating with said master object as the latter is being rotated and laterally shifted to control the position of the object to be ground relative to the periphery of the grinding wheel, said control device having an axis in axial alinement with the axis of the grinding means; means for adjusting said control device radially relative to its axis; and means to adjust said control device transversely of its axis.

13. In an apparatus for grinding an object in conformity with a master object, the combination of aspindle carrying said master object and the object to be ground at a definite distance apart on said spindle; rotatable grinding means; means for rotating said spindle and simultaneously shifting said spindle along the axis on which it rotates; an adjustable control device for cooperating with said master object as the latter is being rotated and laterally shifted to control the position of the object to be ground relative to the periphery of the grinding wheel, said control device having an axis in axial alinement with the axis of the grinding means; means for adjusting said control device radially relative to its axis, means to adjust said control device transversely of its axis; and means to adjust said control device horizontally along its axis.

14. In an apparatus for grinding an object in conformity with a master object, the combination of a spindle carrying said master object and the object to be ground at a definite distance apart on said spindle; rotatable grinding means; means for rotating said spindle and simultaneously shifting the latter along the axis on which it rotates; an adjustable control device for cooperating with said master object as the latter is being rotated and laterally shifted to control the position of the object to be ground relative to the periphery of the grinding wheel, said control device having an axis in axial alinement with said grinding means; and means to adjust said control device radially relative to its axis, transverse- 1y of its axis, and horizontally along its axis.

15. In an apparatus for grinding an object in conformity with a master object, the combination of a spindle carrying said master object and the object to be ground at a definite distance apart on said spindle; rotatable grinding means; means for rotating said spindle and simultaneously shifting the latter along the axis on which it rotates; an adjustable control device for cooperating with said master object to control the position of the object to be ground, said control device having an axis in axial alinement with the axis of the grinding means; and means to adjust said control device angularly around its axis.

16. In an apparatus for grinding an object in conformity with a master object, the combination of a spindle carrying said master object and the object to be ground at a definite distance apart on said spindle; rotatable grinding means; means for rotating said spindle and simultaneously shifting the latter along the axis on which it rotates; an adjustable control device to control the grinding of the object to be ground, the axis of the control device being in axial alinement with the axis of the grinding means; and means to adjust said control device radially relative to its axis and angularly around its axis.

17. In an apparatus for grinding an object in conformity with a master object, the combination of a spindle carrying said master object and the object to be ground at a definite distance apart on said spindle; rotatable grinding means; means for rotating said spindle and simultaneously shifting the latter along the axis on which it rotates: an adjustable control device for cooperating with said master object as the latter is being rotated and laterally shifted to control the position of the object to be ground relative to the periphery of the grinding wheel, the axi of said adjustable control device being in axial alinement with the axis of said grinding means; and means to adjust said control device radially relative to its axis, angularly around its axis, transversely of its axis, and longitudinally along its axis.

18. In an apparatus for grinding an object in conformity with a master object,the combination of a spindle carrying said master object and the object to be ground at a definite distance apart on said spindle; rotatable grinding means; means for rotating said spindle and simultaneously shifting the latter along the axis on which it rotates; an adjustable control device for cooperating with said master object as the latter is being rotated and laterally shifted to control the position of the object to be ground relative to the periphery of the grinding means; adjustable means for supporting said control device, including a plurality of members extending radially from the axis of the working surface of said adjustable control device; and a coneshaped member acting as a bearing for said radially arranged adjustable supporting members, the axis of the cone-shaped device coinciding with the axis of the working surface of said control device.

19. In an apparatus for grinding an object in conformity with a master object, the combination of a spindle carrying said master object and the object to be ground at a definite distance apart on said spindle; rotatable grinding means; means for rotating said spindle and simultaneously shifting the latter along the axis on which it rotates; an adjustable control device having a working surface for cooperating with said master object as the latter is being rotated and laterally shifted to control the position of the objects to be ground relative to the periphery of the grinding means; adjustable means for supporting said control device, including a plurality of members extending radially from the axis of the working surface of said adjustable control device; a cone-shaped member acting as a bearing for said radially arranged adjustable members, the axis of said cone-shaped device coinciding with the axis of the working surface of said control device; and means for adjusting said cone-shaped device longitudinally along its axis and relative to said members to change the radius ,of the working surface of said control device.

FREDERICK A. SHULTZ. FRANKLIN L. SPECKMAN. LOREN D. WOOLLEY. ELWOOD T. MAHLMEISTER. LEON N. BARNUM.

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