US2362284A - Metal cleaning compositions - Google Patents
Metal cleaning compositions Download PDFInfo
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- US2362284A US2362284A US2362284DA US2362284A US 2362284 A US2362284 A US 2362284A US 2362284D A US2362284D A US 2362284DA US 2362284 A US2362284 A US 2362284A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sodium
- acid
- metal
- aluminum
- cleaning compositions
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Lifetime
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 30
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 28
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title description 20
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N Gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 50
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 20
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 229950006191 gluconic acid Drugs 0.000 description 20
- -1 alkali metal salts Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 14
- HWKQNAWCHQMZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trolnitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCCN(CCO[N+]([O-])=O)CCO[N+]([O-])=O HWKQNAWCHQMZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- PHOQVHQSTUBQQK-SQOUGZDYSA-N Glucono δ-lactone Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O PHOQVHQSTUBQQK-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229960003681 Gluconolactone Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 235000012209 glucono delta-lactone Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000000182 glucono-delta-lactone Substances 0.000 description 10
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 10
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulphite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000007513 acids Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 231100000078 corrosive Toxicity 0.000 description 8
- 231100001010 corrosive Toxicity 0.000 description 8
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 8
- 239000010458 rotten stone Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 6
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid group Chemical group C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(=O)O WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 6
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000004957 naphthylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000001519 tissues Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N (E)-but-2-enedioate;hydron Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RECUKUPTGUEGMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carvacrol Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C(O)=C1 RECUKUPTGUEGMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N Mesaconic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C(/C)=C/C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 4
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H Sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 4
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910000318 alkali metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atoms Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 4
- 201000004624 dermatitis Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 231100000406 dermatitis Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000266 injurious Effects 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003000 nontoxic Effects 0.000 description 4
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000002335 preservative Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001603 reducing Effects 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- QFBDCSDDHUBEGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dibutylnaphthalene;sodium Chemical compound [Na].C1=CC=CC2=C(CCCC)C(CCCC)=CC=C21 QFBDCSDDHUBEGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MEEKGULDSDXFCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pentylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O MEEKGULDSDXFCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940045714 Alkyl sulfonate alkylating agents Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N Citraconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- MQJKPEGWNLWLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di(p-aminophenyl)sulphone Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 MQJKPEGWNLWLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010064503 Excessive skin Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000206672 Gelidium Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000161 Locust bean gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229960004011 Methenamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- REOJLIXKJWXUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Mofebutazone Chemical group O=C1C(CCCC)C(=O)NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 REOJLIXKJWXUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000792 Monel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 Poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229920001273 Polyhydroxy acid Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 210000003491 Skin Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ABBQHOQBGMUPJH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium salicylate Chemical compound [Na+].OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O ABBQHOQBGMUPJH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Stearyl alcohol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002253 Tannate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001615 Tragacanth Polymers 0.000 description 2
- REZQBEBOWJAQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triacontanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO REZQBEBOWJAQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005296 abrasive Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010419 agar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 2
- XSIFPSYPOVKYCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl benzoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XSIFPSYPOVKYCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940018557 citraconic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011538 cleaning material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000591 gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000010420 locust bean gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000711 locust bean gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 231100000344 non-irritating Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010957 pewter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000498 pewter Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001187 sodium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960004025 sodium salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- MWZFQMUXPSUDJQ-RRABGKBLSA-M sodium;[(E)-octadec-9-enyl] sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O MWZFQMUXPSUDJQ-RRABGKBLSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HDCRDACZYDHUQX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;furan-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CO1 HDCRDACZYDHUQX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin hydride Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 231100000925 very toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
- C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improved metal cleaning composition and it particularly relates to acomposition for cleaning aluminum household utensils.
- alkali metal salts such as sodium carbonate, tri-sodium phosphate, orth'o-sodium silicate, and metal-sodium silicate, although they are not as alkaline as the hydroxides and therefore are-not as caustic in their action, nevertheless also exhibit a corrosive action, though less intense, which tends to cause the metal after cleansing to oxidize and discolor, particularly upon exposure to air.
- alkali metal salts also tend to set up a dermatitis and to cause excessive skin chafing and dryness. Moreover, these alkali metal salts usually require the use of hard abrasives.
- organic'carboxylic acids as oxalic, maleic, fumaric, tartaric, citric,
- these acids form an msolubleor difilcultly soluble metallic salt, with the metal being cleansed which inhibits further cleansing action.
- these compounds should contain at least 3 carbon atoms and generally not more than 10 to 12 carbon atoms and the acids most desirably have a straight or branched aliphatic chain. At the same time the acids so selected should have more than 2 and up to 6 hydroxy groups and a smaller number of carboxy groups than hydroxy groups and preferably at least two hydroxy groups for each carboxy group. The most useful compounds have only one carboxy group and from 2 to 6 hydroxy groups.
- the ma-- terial preferably has slight reducing properties and is utilized in a composition slightly on the acid side, but not having a pH lower than about 4.5 to 5.5.
- gluconic acid'and its lactone namely glucono-delta-lactone.
- Gluconic acid and its useiul derivatives such as the ammonium, sodium, potassium or lithium salts, or less preferably the Water soluble alkyl esters, amides or esters, are non-toxic to humans and non-injurious to tissues. These compounds areactive solvents for aluminum tannates and other aluminum stain and scale substances. Further, gluconic acid and the gluconates reduce metallic oxides, leaving a bright surface.
- the useful gluconic derivatives form soluble aluminum salts in their reactions with the metal and the metallic stain and scale substances. These soluble salts remain in'solution even in the presence of alkalies and fatty acid soaps and the removal of these substances is thereby facilitated. Gluconic acid is non-corrosive and non-destructive to all common metals and alloys.
- the effective cleansing, reducing, and .scale and stain solvent action of the gluconates make earth in cleaning compositions without inclusion of hard abrasives, such as pumice, silex and Carborundum. Such hard abrasives tend to scratch and damage metallic surfaces.
- Gluconic acid, glucono delta-lactone, and soluble alkali. metal and ammonium gluconates may be used alone or with auxiliary cleaning materials, such as diatomaceous earth or bentonite, as well as with other nonabrasive forms of silica, and wetting agents, such as fatty alcohol sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, high molecular weight aryl-alkyl sulfonates, e, g., sodium lauryl sulfate, benzene octyl sodium sulfonate, dibutyl naphthylene sodium sulfonate, sod um ethyl naphthylene sulfonate, sodium tetrahydro naphthylene sulfate, monobutyl diphenyl sodium monosulfonate, myricyl alcohol sulfate, amyl naphthylene sulfonate, sulfonate of
- a typical composition of a metal cleaner embodying gluconic acid may be made up as folescape-i be replaced by other mild abrasives or omitted if desired.
- the bentonite serves, as a gel-forming material, as well as an abrasive, which makes the gluconic or other acid adhere to the surface being cleansed.
- the India gum or starch serve as protective colloids and may be replaced by other protective colloids, such as pectin, gum tragacanth, gum arabic, agar-agar, dextrin, locust bean gum.
- isothymol as a non-irritating preservative, there also may be employed amyl phenol, sodium furoate, furoic acid, hexamethylene tetramine, butyl benzoate, sodium salicylate and sodium benzoate.
- alkali metal phosphates may be added to the abov compositions to expedite removal of iron discoloration.
- the present invention has a preferred application to the cleansin of aluminum vessels or utensils, it can also be used in connection with the cleansing of objects or articles made of or plated with nickel, tin, chromium,
- a composition for cleansing of aluminum utensils which comprises by weight about parts of tripoli, about 20 parts of infusorial earth, about 20 parts of bentonite, about 15 parts of glucono delta-lactone and about 2 parts of a I lows-all parts by weight:
- Preferred Range Tripoli 2d 0-50 Inlusorialearth 20 0-50 Bentonite 20 10-30 Glucono delta-lactone 15 10-20 Aryl-alkyl sulfonate 2 0-5
- Such a composition is typical and illustrative of the use of gluconic derivatives for metal cleaning operations. The proportions are not intended to be limiting.
- Gluconic acid in solution may be absorbed on infusorial earth in a paste or powdered composition, as in the following example: 40
Description
Q Patented Nov. 7, 1944 OFFICE-- METAL CLEANING COMPOSITIONS Louis McDonald, New York, N. Y.
No Drawing. Application May 31, 1940, Serial No. 338,227
3 Claims.
The present invention relates to an improved metal cleaning composition and it particularly relates to acomposition for cleaning aluminum household utensils.
Although the present invention will be particularly described in its application to the cleaning of aluminum articles and aluminum household utensils, it is to be understood that it has other applications to the cleansing of similar metal and alloy articles and plated metal surfaces.
It has not been found most satisfactory to clean aluminum articles and particularly aluminum household utensils by alkalies, or alkali metal salts, since these materials have an undesirable solvent and corrosive action and frequently leave a badly eroded, pitted and discolored surface. Furthermore these caustic and alkaline agents are often poisonous and injurious to. the skin or body tissues.
The alkali metal salts, such as sodium carbonate, tri-sodium phosphate, orth'o-sodium silicate, and metal-sodium silicate, although they are not as alkaline as the hydroxides and therefore are-not as caustic in their action, nevertheless also exhibit a corrosive action, though less intense, which tends to cause the metal after cleansing to oxidize and discolor, particularly upon exposure to air.
Moreover these alkali metal salts also tend to set up a dermatitis and to cause excessive skin chafing and dryness. Moreover, these alkali metal salts usually require the use of hard abrasives.
tion, therefore, to provide an improved cleansing composition especially useful for cleansing household aluminum utensils, which will be inexpensive, non-corrosive and non-toxic and non-injurioils to the hands or body tissues, and which at the same time maybe stored and shipped without difiiculty and without excessive precautions.
Still further objects and advantages will appear in the more detailed description set forth below, it being understood, however, that this more detailed description is given by way of illustration and explanation only, and not by way of limitation, since various changes therein may be made by those skilled in'the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. a
In accomplishing these objects, it has been found most satisfactory to use certain types of organic compounds and particularly organic carboXylic acids. w
It has been found that such organic'carboxylic acids as oxalic, maleic, fumaric, tartaric, citric,
It is among the objects of the present invenphthalic, benzoic, citraconic and mesaconic acids do not'most efflcientlyremove scale and stains from aluminum and similar metal objects and.
surfaces.
In certain instances these acids form an msolubleor difilcultly soluble metallic salt, with the metal being cleansed which inhibits further cleansing action.
Moreover, many of these acids, particularly oxalic acid, fumaric acid, phthalic acid, benzoic acid, maleic acid, citraconic acid, and mesaconic acid are very toxic and cannot'be safely used for cleaning household aluminum utensils, since they frequently induce dermatitis.
It has now been found that certain polyhydroxy organic acids and the salts or esters of these polyhydroxy organic acids are eflicient metal cleaning agents.
As a general rule, these compounds should contain at least 3 carbon atoms and generally not more than 10 to 12 carbon atoms and the acids most desirably have a straight or branched aliphatic chain. At the same time the acids so selected should have more than 2 and up to 6 hydroxy groups and a smaller number of carboxy groups than hydroxy groups and preferably at least two hydroxy groups for each carboxy group. The most useful compounds have only one carboxy group and from 2 to 6 hydroxy groups.
In the preferred composition, however, the ma-- terial preferably has slight reducing properties and is utilized in a composition slightly on the acid side, but not having a pH lower than about 4.5 to 5.5.
Among the preferred polyhydroxy carboxylic acids is gluconic acid'and its lactone, namely glucono-delta-lactone. Gluconic acid and its useiul derivatives, such as the ammonium, sodium, potassium or lithium salts, or less preferably the Water soluble alkyl esters, amides or esters, are non-toxic to humans and non-injurious to tissues. These compounds areactive solvents for aluminum tannates and other aluminum stain and scale substances. Further, gluconic acid and the gluconates reduce metallic oxides, leaving a bright surface.
The useful gluconic derivatives form soluble aluminum salts in their reactions with the metal and the metallic stain and scale substances. These soluble salts remain in'solution even in the presence of alkalies and fatty acid soaps and the removal of these substances is thereby facilitated. Gluconic acid is non-corrosive and non-destructive to all common metals and alloys.
The effective cleansing, reducing, and .scale and stain solvent action of the gluconates make earth in cleaning compositions without inclusion of hard abrasives, such as pumice, silex and Carborundum. Such hard abrasives tend to scratch and damage metallic surfaces.
Gluconic acid, glucono delta-lactone, and soluble alkali. metal and ammonium gluconates may be used alone or with auxiliary cleaning materials, such as diatomaceous earth or bentonite, as well as with other nonabrasive forms of silica, and wetting agents, such as fatty alcohol sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, high molecular weight aryl-alkyl sulfonates, e, g., sodium lauryl sulfate, benzene octyl sodium sulfonate, dibutyl naphthylene sodium sulfonate, sod um ethyl naphthylene sulfonate, sodium tetrahydro naphthylene sulfate, monobutyl diphenyl sodium monosulfonate, myricyl alcohol sulfate, amyl naphthylene sulfonate, sulfonate of stearyl alcohol, sodium oleyl sulfate, sodium salt of sulfonated myristyl collamide and so forth.
A typical composition of a metal cleaner embodying gluconic acid may be made up as folescape-i be replaced by other mild abrasives or omitted if desired.
The bentonite serves, as a gel-forming material, as well as an abrasive, which makes the gluconic or other acid adhere to the surface being cleansed.
The India gum or starch serve as protective colloids and may be replaced by other protective colloids, such as pectin, gum tragacanth, gum arabic, agar-agar, dextrin, locust bean gum.
In lieu of isothymol as a non-irritating preservative, there also may be employed amyl phenol, sodium furoate, furoic acid, hexamethylene tetramine, butyl benzoate, sodium salicylate and sodium benzoate.
If desired, alkali metal phosphates may be added to the abov compositions to expedite removal of iron discoloration.
It has been found that highly colored complex iron compounds tend tonform and stain aluminum and similar metal surfaces and that most of these compounds are rendered colorless by alkali metal phosphates and particularly by sodium hexametaphosphate and especially the form of sodium hexametaphosphate having the formula (NaPOa)s.
Although the present invention has a preferred application to the cleansin of aluminum vessels or utensils, it can also be used in connection with the cleansing of objects or articles made of or plated with nickel, tin, chromium,
copper, silver, steel, brass, Monel metal, pewter by which, in one embodiment, the spirit of the invention may be eflectuated.
What is claimed is:
1. A composition for cleansing of aluminum utensils which comprises by weight about parts of tripoli, about 20 parts of infusorial earth, about 20 parts of bentonite, about 15 parts of glucono delta-lactone and about 2 parts of a I lows-all parts by weight:
Preferred Range Tripoli 2d 0-50 Inlusorialearth 20 0-50 Bentonite 20 10-30 Glucono delta-lactone 15 10-20 Aryl-alkyl sulfonate 2 0-5 Such a composition is typical and illustrative of the use of gluconic derivatives for metal cleaning operations. The proportions are not intended to be limiting.
Gluconic acid in solution may be absorbed on infusorial earth in a paste or powdered composition, as in the following example: 40
Preierred. Range Tripoli 20 10-50 Iniusorlal earth a) 0-50 5 Bentotiite 20 0-50 Gluconic acid solution. 30 10-30 Sodium lauryl sulionete 2 0-5 As another paste composition there may be used- 50 Preferred Range 10 5-20 30 10-50 Bentonite 20 0-50 Gluconic acid 50% solution 30 10-60 Sodium gluconste 2 0-5 Dibutyl naphthalene sodium sulfona 2 0-5 Indiagum 1 0-5 Preservative (as isothymol) Mn 0-1 Water 200 -300 M It is also possible to incorporate other poly- -hydroxy acids in cleaning compositions, for example trihydroiw glutaric acid in addition to or in lieu of, gluconic acid:
Preferred Range Iniusorialearth 40 0-00 Pnnfnnifn 20 0-50 Starch 2 0-5 I. Trihydro glutaric acid.. 10 6-15 Alcohols ate 1 0-5 I Parts Bentonite 10 to 30 Glucono delta-lactone 10 to 20 Wetting agent about 2 admixed with tripoli and infusorial earth, each of the latter in substantial proportions to make up a total of 100 parts.
LOUIS McDONALD.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2362284A true US2362284A (en) | 1944-11-07 |
Family
ID=3434094
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2362284D Expired - Lifetime US2362284A (en) | Metal cleaning compositions |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2362284A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2937149A (en) * | 1956-08-15 | 1960-05-17 | E & A West Ltd | Composition for the removal of corrosion from metal surfaces |
| US3510351A (en) * | 1964-11-27 | 1970-05-05 | Paul Van Dillen | Method for etching and cleaning of objects and plants,particularly tube systems and boiler plants,consisting of iron or steel |
| US4532066A (en) * | 1984-03-05 | 1985-07-30 | Sterling Drug Inc. | Stable mildly acidic aqueous polishing cleanser and preparation thereof |
| WO2019143893A1 (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2019-07-25 | Q-Maxx Products Group, Inc. | Metal cleaning compositions comprising furoate esters and uses therefor |
-
0
- US US2362284D patent/US2362284A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2937149A (en) * | 1956-08-15 | 1960-05-17 | E & A West Ltd | Composition for the removal of corrosion from metal surfaces |
| US3510351A (en) * | 1964-11-27 | 1970-05-05 | Paul Van Dillen | Method for etching and cleaning of objects and plants,particularly tube systems and boiler plants,consisting of iron or steel |
| US4532066A (en) * | 1984-03-05 | 1985-07-30 | Sterling Drug Inc. | Stable mildly acidic aqueous polishing cleanser and preparation thereof |
| WO2019143893A1 (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2019-07-25 | Q-Maxx Products Group, Inc. | Metal cleaning compositions comprising furoate esters and uses therefor |
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