US2359476A - Electrostatic method and apparatus - Google Patents

Electrostatic method and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2359476A
US2359476A US313914A US31391440A US2359476A US 2359476 A US2359476 A US 2359476A US 313914 A US313914 A US 313914A US 31391440 A US31391440 A US 31391440A US 2359476 A US2359476 A US 2359476A
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United States
Prior art keywords
article
coating
coating material
electrode
liquid
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US313914A
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English (en)
Inventor
Charles K Gravley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Harper J Ransburg Co Inc
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Harper J Ransburg Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Harper J Ransburg Co Inc filed Critical Harper J Ransburg Co Inc
Priority to US313914A priority Critical patent/US2359476A/en
Priority to GB573/41A priority patent/GB570552A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2359476A publication Critical patent/US2359476A/en
Priority to FR920204D priority patent/FR920204A/fr
Priority to BE462199D priority patent/BE462199A/xx
Priority to NL123227A priority patent/NL66037C/xx
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/14—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by electrical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C3/00—Apparatus in which the work is brought into contact with a bulk quantity of liquid or other fluent material
    • B05C3/02—Apparatus in which the work is brought into contact with a bulk quantity of liquid or other fluent material the work being immersed in the liquid or other fluent material
    • B05C3/09—Apparatus in which the work is brought into contact with a bulk quantity of liquid or other fluent material the work being immersed in the liquid or other fluent material for treating separate articles
    • B05C3/10—Apparatus in which the work is brought into contact with a bulk quantity of liquid or other fluent material the work being immersed in the liquid or other fluent material for treating separate articles the articles being moved through the liquid or other fluent material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H3/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators
    • H03H3/007—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks
    • H03H3/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks for the manufacture of piezoelectric or electrostrictive resonators or networks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/18—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by dipping
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S101/00—Printing
    • Y10S101/37—Printing employing electrostatic force
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/42—Piezoelectric device making

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for coating articles with paint, varnish, lacquer or other coating materials.
  • An object of this invention is to provide an improved method ior coating articles.
  • a more specific object is to provide a method for obtaining an improved distribution of coating material on the coated article.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide a method for removing the drop or drops of coating material that usually accumulate at the bottom of an article in the coating process.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a method for obtaining a heavier coating at corners and edges of an article.
  • a further object is to provide apparatus for attaining the above objects.
  • the invention is applicable to the coating of articles of various kinds, sizes and shapes wherein the coating is applied in the liquid state and subsequently dries or sets. It has been developed in connection with the coating of piezoelectric units and will be described chiefly in connection with the coating of such units, but it should be understood that the invention is merely illustrated by this application, and is not restricted thereto.
  • Piezoelectric'units especially of the Rochelle salt type such as are used in microphones, phonograph pickups, etc.
  • a protective material such as lacquer or shellac.
  • Two difficulties have been encountered in coating such units by the usual dipping or spraying methods. Firstly, part of the coating material tends to run to the lowermost part of the unit and collect there in a large drop. If this drop is not removed it subsequently hardens into a lump which is unsightly and may interfere with the mounting of the unit or the attachment thereto of a part such as a phonograph stylus holder.
  • the above difliculties can be greatly reduced and a desirable distribu- 'tion of coating material obtained by subjecting the coated article to the influence of an electrostatic force while the coating material is in a wet state.
  • the article after being coated by spraying or dipping may be supported between metal electrodes, or above an electrode, or both.
  • the excess material may be removed in one or two large drops or in a large number of fine drops or even in a practically atomized state, depending on the nature of the material and the voltage used. In general, a higher voltage tends to remove the material in smaller drops or particles. It has been observed that the material leaves an article from sharp points such as the lowermost corners.
  • the source may be of either alternating or direct current.
  • the coating material is a very poor conductor, better results are obtained by the use of direct current. It appears that for poor conductors the conductivity between the electrode and the outer parts of the coating is so poor that said outer parts do not have time to become The resulting electrostatic- When the additional procharged to a sufiicient potential before the cycle has reversed, whereas with the direct current there is no reversal of the potential and therefore considerable time may be allowed for a suitable charge to reach the outer portions.
  • Fig. l is a front elevation of a portion of a conveyor system and associated apparatus suitable for use with my improved method.
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on line 2, 2 of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a front elevation of a portion of the conveyor holding a piezoelectric unit which has been coated by my new method.
  • Fig. 4 is an end elevation of the part shown in Fi Figs. 5 and 6 are front and side elevations respectively of a piezoelectric unit as it appears when coated without benefit of my improved method, or as it appears before being subjected to the influence of the high-voltage electrostatic force.
  • Fig. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of a portion of the piezoelectric unit of Fig. 5 and taken on line I, I.
  • Fig. 8 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of a portion of the piezoelectric unit of Fig. 3 and taken on line 8, 8.
  • the conveyor comprises a roller chain 1 which is guided in the direction of arrows 2 and 3 by sprockets 4, 5, 6 and 1, and is kept in motion by a suitable motor and reduction gear not shown.
  • the conveyor chain is provided with extended pins 8, 8 which carry spring clips 9, 9, each provided with an enlarged handle portion 9a and a rubber compression pad 9b.
  • the clips are free to rotate on pins 8 and are held in place by collars l0, Ill.
  • the leads Ha, Ha of the piezoelectric units H, H are clipped into the clips by an operator positioned somewhat to the left of sprockets 4 and 5.
  • a double tank comprising reservoir l2 containing an inner level-controlling tank l3.
  • a motor driven pump l4 pumps the liquid coating material I5 out of reservoir tank l2 through pipe l6 and into level-controlling tank l3 through pipe [1, so that tank l3 continuously overflows at I3a back into main tank then withdrawn.
  • the excess coating material tends to accumulate at the lower portions of the units under the action of gravity as indicated at la in Figs. 5 and 6.
  • I provide electrodes I9, I9 and a source of high voltage 20 connected to the electrodes and to the conveyor. Electrodes l9 are removably supported by angle members 2
  • the high potential terminal 24 of the power supply 20 is connected by conductors 25, 25 to angle members 2
  • the low potential terminal 26 of the power supply is connected to ground and to the conveyor system by conductor 21 and therefore is also connected to the conductive coating of the piezoelectric unit.
  • Figs. 3 and 4 show the element after the coating material has thus become set while subjected to the action of the high voltage.
  • the high potential field also tends to force the coating material to edges and corners. This is illustrated by Figs. 7 and 8 which are enlarged sectional views of the elements of Figs.
  • the units are then carried back and forth by the conveyor through a drying chamber (not shown) to permit more thorough drying and then pass to successive dipping tanks and removing electrodes where additional coats are applied. After the last coating applied to the units has become dry, the units are removed from the clips by another operator and are ready for final test and use.
  • Black shellac has good adhering properties but is not as effective in protecting the units. By using shellac for the first two or three coats and then by using a coat or two of Korolac, very effective protection is obtained. Without the aid of my invention such a composite, built-up protective coating would be excessively expensive.
  • the voltage required for satisfactory operation of the invention depends on a number of factors of which the surface tension of the coating material and the spacing of the coated object from the electrodes are perhaps most important. In general, the greater the surface tension of the coating material, the greater the required voltage becomes. Also, the greater the spacing between the coated article and the electrodes, the greater the voltage required. For the electrode arrangement shown in Figs. 1 and 2, with the electrodes spaced about 2" from the coated article, 8. voltage in the order of 10,000 to 20,000 volts is desirable when thin black shellac is the coating material. The effect of this voltage may be markedly increased by adding materials like acetonyl acetone to the shellac for the purpose of reducing its surface tension.
  • a. single horizontal electrode may be placed beneath the conveyor.
  • This arrangement provides for satisfactory removal of excess coating material but has the disadvantages, when used for coating piezoelectric units, that the effective electrode spacing depends on the length of the units being treated.
  • Another arrangement is to use the tank of coating material as an electrode. With this arrangement. if the coating material is a conductor, the system is short circuited every time an article is clipped and it is necessary to arrange the spacing of the units on the conveyor so that a. dipped unit is removed from the tank and subjected to the removal action of the high potential before the next unit enters the tank. This arrangement is hazardous when used with inflammable coating material, but the hazard may be avoided effectively by maintaining an inert atmosphere around the coating tank.
  • this may be accomplished, for example, by suspending the non-conducting article from a. wire or hook which is connected to one side of the voltage source, the other side thereof being connected to an adjacent electrode.
  • a coating material should be used which is a conductor when in a wet state. The dipping step should then be conducted in such manner that the hook or wire contacts the coating material.
  • the conductive coating on the article will then function as an electrode.
  • the coated article it is not essential that the coated article be connected to the high-voltage source, since it has been found that the coated article, whether a conductor or not, may be treated by merely introducing it in an electrostatic field which is maintained between two electrodes of opposite polarity.
  • the high voltage supply, 20, as shown comprises a step-up transformer, 28, two thermionic rectifiers, 29, 29, and condensers, 30, 30, connected in a voltage doubling circuit.
  • , in the order of 20 megohms is connected in series with the high potential side to limit short circuit currents to a safe value. This high re sistance cooperates with the capacity of the electrodes and wiring to provide smoothing or filtering action.
  • thermionic rectifiers may be replaced by mechanical rectifiers, or the complete supply, 20, may be replaced by an electrostatic generator.
  • an alternating current supply may be used comprising simply a step-up transformer. Transformers intended for use with neon signs are comparatively inexpensive and are suitable for this use.
  • the method of increasing the thickness of coating on the edges of a coated article which comprises the step of subjecting said coated article to an electrostatic force while the coating material is in a liquid condition, and main taining the article under the influence of said force until the coating material has become set.
  • the method of removing excess liquid coat ing material from an article coated therewith and for increasing the thickness of coating on the edges of the article comprising the steps of subjecting the coated article to an electrostatic field while allowing the excess material on said article to drain by gravity to the bottom portions of the article; and maintaining the article in said field until the coating has become set.
  • the method of treating an article which comprises the steps of: coating said article with liquid coating material; subjecting the coated article to the action of an electrostatic force while the coating material is still liquid; and thereafter allowing said liquid coating material to become set while under the influence of said electrostatic force.
  • the method of removing liquid coating material from an article which is coated with an excess thereof comprising the steps of: bringing the coated article into spaced relationship with respect to an electrode; establishing an electrostatic field between said article and electrode while said excess coating material is sufficiently liquid to drain by gravity to the bottom portions of the article; and maintaining said field until the coating material which remains on the article has become set.
  • the method of treating an article which comprises the steps of: coating said article with an excess of liquid coating material; causing the excess coating material to flow over the surface of the article and to accumulate on predetermined surface portions thereof; passing at least the said predetermined portions into an electrostatic field maintained between a pair of electrodes while the accumulations of coating material are still liquid; and maintaining said portions under the influence of said field until no further accumulations of coating material appear thereon.
  • the method of preventing the accumulation of drops of excess coating material at the bottom portions of said article which comprises subjecting at least said portions of the coated article to the influence of an electrostatic force while said coating material is in a liquid state and until it has become set.
  • Apparatus for treating an article having a coating of liquid coating material thereon comprising the combination of means for establishing an electrostatic field capable of removing drops of excess coating material from said article, and means for subjecting said article to the action of said field while the coating ma.- terial is still liquid and until it has become set.
  • Apparatus for coating an article with liquid coating material comprising: means for applying the liquid coating material to the article; an electrode; means for establishing an electrostatic field between said article and electrode; and means for" disposing said article adjacent said electrode while said coating material thereon is in a liquid state and for maintaining it adjacent said electrode until the liquid coating material has become set.
  • Apparatus for coating an article which comprises: a. bath of liquid coating material; electrode means; conveyor means adapted to dip said article in said bath, then to transport said dipped article into'predetermined spaced relationship with respect to said electrode means while the coating on said article is in a. liquid condition, and then to maintain it in said spaced relationship with said electrode until the coating material has become set; and electrical means for establishing an electrostatic force between said coating and said electrode means capable of removing the excess liquid coating material which drains to the bottom portions of the article.
  • the method of making a coated article which comprises the steps of: dipping said article in liquid coating material, and then subjecting the dipped article to the action of an electrostatic force while the coating thereof is in a liquid state.
  • the method of removing a portion of a coating from an article comprising the steps of establishing a potential difference in a circuit, connecting one side of the circuit to the article to establish the article and the coating thereon at substantially the same potential, and connecting the other side of the circuit to terminal means spaced from the article to cause a portion of the coating to leave the article and move through the space toward the terminal means.
  • Apparatus for treating an article comprising in combination; means for coating said article with an excess of coating material, means for establishing a direct current potential difierence, open electrical circuit means connected to said means for establishing said direct current potential difference, means for connecting one side of said circuit to said coated article to establish said article and said coating at substantially the same potential, and said open circuit including means spaced from said coated article and maintained at a potential different than the potential of the article and the coating thereon to cause the excess portion of said coating to leave the article and move through the space toward said spaced means, and current limiting impedance means located between said means for establishing the direct current potential difference and said means which are spaced from said coated article.
  • Apparatus for coating an article with liquid coating material comprising: means for applying the liquid coating material to the article; an electrode; means for establishing an electrostatic field between said article and electrode; and means for disposing said article adjacent said electrode while said coating material thereon isin a .liquid state and for maintaining it adjacent said electrode.
  • Apparatus for coating an article which comprises: a bath of liquid coating material;
  • conveyor means adapted to dip said article in said bath, then to transport said dipped article into predetermined spaced relationship with respect to said electrode means while the coating on said article is in a liquid condition, and then to maintain it in said spaced relationship with said electrode; and electrical means for establishing an electrostatic force between said coating and said electrode means capable of removing the excess liquid coating material which drains to the bottom portions of the article.
  • the method of removing surplus coating material from a pre-coated article that comprises, imparting an electric charge to said surplus, and subjecting such charged surplus to an electric field of proper polarity and of sumcient strength to cause the said surplus to leave the article.
  • Apparatus for treating a coated article comprising, in combination, a high potential source, means for connecting one side of said high potential source to the coated article, electrode means spaced from said article, means connecting said electrode means to the other side of said high potential source to establish a steep potential gradient between said electrode means and said article whereby excess coating material is caused to leave said coated article.
  • Apparatus for treating a coated article comprising in combination, a plurality of spaced terminal means, means connected to at least one 26.
  • circuit means including a voltage source for establishing a potential difl'erence in said circuit means, means for connecting one side of the voltage source to the article to establish the article and the coating thereon in the circuit and to establish the coating thereon at a certain potential, electrode means spaced from said coated article, and means for connecting the other side of the said voltage source to the said electrode means to establish the electrode means in the circuit and at a potential different from the potential of the coating to cause portions of the coating to leave the article.
  • Apparatus for treating a pre-coated article comprising in combination a plurality of spaced apart electrodes, means for giving one of said electrodes a high potential with respect to another of said electrodes, and means for disposing a coated article efiectively in the electric field between said electrodes and in efl'ective contact with one of said electrodes whereby excess coating material is expelled from said article.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
US313914A 1940-01-15 1940-01-15 Electrostatic method and apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2359476A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US313914A US2359476A (en) 1940-01-15 1940-01-15 Electrostatic method and apparatus
GB573/41A GB570552A (en) 1940-01-15 1941-01-15 Improvements in or relating to methods of and apparatus for coating articles
FR920204D FR920204A (fr) 1940-01-15 1945-12-29 Méthode et appareil électrostatique pour recouvrir des objets de peinture, verni, laque ou autre
BE462199D BE462199A (en(2012)) 1940-01-15 1946-01-04
NL123227A NL66037C (en(2012)) 1940-01-15 1946-01-29

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US313914A US2359476A (en) 1940-01-15 1940-01-15 Electrostatic method and apparatus

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US2359476A true US2359476A (en) 1944-10-03

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US (1) US2359476A (en(2012))
BE (1) BE462199A (en(2012))
FR (1) FR920204A (en(2012))
GB (1) GB570552A (en(2012))
NL (1) NL66037C (en(2012))

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2439466A (en) * 1944-10-20 1948-04-13 Brush Dev Co Piezoelectric crystal element and method of fabricating same
US2444144A (en) * 1944-06-16 1948-06-29 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Electrostatic coating apparatus
US2465128A (en) * 1945-10-31 1949-03-22 Rausburg Electro Coating Corp Method and apparatus for electrostatic coating
US2483462A (en) * 1945-05-03 1949-10-04 William C Huebner Process and apparatus for electronographic printing
US2509277A (en) * 1945-04-06 1950-05-30 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Control of electrostatic fields
US2526763A (en) * 1946-05-20 1950-10-24 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Electrostatic coating apparatus
US2526780A (en) * 1945-10-22 1950-10-24 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Apparatus for coating articles
US2544806A (en) * 1945-11-19 1951-03-13 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Electrostatic coating apparatus
US2548477A (en) * 1945-07-23 1951-04-10 Kahan Charles Electrostatic coating apparatus
US2573881A (en) * 1948-11-02 1951-11-06 Battelle Development Corp Method and apparatus for developing electrostatic images with electroscopic powder
US2589034A (en) * 1947-07-19 1952-03-11 Western Electric Co Method and apparatus for controlling the thickness and uniformity of a liquid coating on wire
US2636471A (en) * 1946-10-10 1953-04-28 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Electrostatic coating apparatus
US2640459A (en) * 1945-10-22 1953-06-02 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Electrostatic detearing apparatus
US2650329A (en) * 1947-12-13 1953-08-25 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Control apparatus
US2658009A (en) * 1948-05-13 1953-11-03 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Electrostatic coating method and apparatus
US2685536A (en) * 1944-09-29 1954-08-03 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Method for electrostatically coating articles
DE1163206B (de) * 1956-03-07 1964-02-13 Telefunken Patent Tauchlackiervorrichtung
US3195437A (en) * 1962-08-03 1965-07-20 Howard E Carlseen Apparatus for processing strips of roll film
DE977265C (de) * 1952-07-29 1965-09-09 Licentia Gmbh Elektrostatische Spruehanlage
US3290169A (en) * 1962-09-10 1966-12-06 Interplanetary Res & Dev Corp Process and apparatus for electrostatic detearing
US3424614A (en) * 1963-02-28 1969-01-28 Schloemann Ag Cleaning,particularly de-scaling,of metal articles
US4744833A (en) * 1987-06-11 1988-05-17 International Business Machines Corporation Electrostatic removal of contaminants
EP1000671A3 (de) * 1998-11-09 2003-02-12 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Vermeidung von Lacktropfen an Werkstücken
US20060052744A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-03-09 Jan Weber Method of coating a medical device using an electrowetting process, system for using the method, and device made by the method
EP2511017A3 (de) * 2011-04-15 2013-08-21 Aktiebolaget SKF Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Reinigen einer Oberfläche
CN103341427A (zh) * 2013-07-24 2013-10-09 天津荣辉电子有限公司 自动涂覆机

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3771233A (en) * 1972-01-14 1973-11-13 Trw Inc Electrostatic enhancement of evaporation

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2444144A (en) * 1944-06-16 1948-06-29 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Electrostatic coating apparatus
US2685536A (en) * 1944-09-29 1954-08-03 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Method for electrostatically coating articles
US2439466A (en) * 1944-10-20 1948-04-13 Brush Dev Co Piezoelectric crystal element and method of fabricating same
US2509277A (en) * 1945-04-06 1950-05-30 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Control of electrostatic fields
US2483462A (en) * 1945-05-03 1949-10-04 William C Huebner Process and apparatus for electronographic printing
US2548477A (en) * 1945-07-23 1951-04-10 Kahan Charles Electrostatic coating apparatus
US2526780A (en) * 1945-10-22 1950-10-24 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Apparatus for coating articles
US2640459A (en) * 1945-10-22 1953-06-02 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Electrostatic detearing apparatus
US2465128A (en) * 1945-10-31 1949-03-22 Rausburg Electro Coating Corp Method and apparatus for electrostatic coating
US2544806A (en) * 1945-11-19 1951-03-13 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Electrostatic coating apparatus
US2526763A (en) * 1946-05-20 1950-10-24 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Electrostatic coating apparatus
US2636471A (en) * 1946-10-10 1953-04-28 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Electrostatic coating apparatus
US2589034A (en) * 1947-07-19 1952-03-11 Western Electric Co Method and apparatus for controlling the thickness and uniformity of a liquid coating on wire
US2650329A (en) * 1947-12-13 1953-08-25 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Control apparatus
US2658009A (en) * 1948-05-13 1953-11-03 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Electrostatic coating method and apparatus
US2573881A (en) * 1948-11-02 1951-11-06 Battelle Development Corp Method and apparatus for developing electrostatic images with electroscopic powder
DE977265C (de) * 1952-07-29 1965-09-09 Licentia Gmbh Elektrostatische Spruehanlage
DE1163206B (de) * 1956-03-07 1964-02-13 Telefunken Patent Tauchlackiervorrichtung
US3195437A (en) * 1962-08-03 1965-07-20 Howard E Carlseen Apparatus for processing strips of roll film
US3290169A (en) * 1962-09-10 1966-12-06 Interplanetary Res & Dev Corp Process and apparatus for electrostatic detearing
US3424614A (en) * 1963-02-28 1969-01-28 Schloemann Ag Cleaning,particularly de-scaling,of metal articles
US4744833A (en) * 1987-06-11 1988-05-17 International Business Machines Corporation Electrostatic removal of contaminants
EP1000671A3 (de) * 1998-11-09 2003-02-12 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Vermeidung von Lacktropfen an Werkstücken
US20060052744A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-03-09 Jan Weber Method of coating a medical device using an electrowetting process, system for using the method, and device made by the method
WO2006028764A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-03-16 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Method of coating a medical device using an electrowetting process, system for using the method, and device made by the method
US7507433B2 (en) 2004-09-03 2009-03-24 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Method of coating a medical device using an electrowetting process
EP2511017A3 (de) * 2011-04-15 2013-08-21 Aktiebolaget SKF Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Reinigen einer Oberfläche
CN103341427A (zh) * 2013-07-24 2013-10-09 天津荣辉电子有限公司 自动涂覆机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL66037C (en(2012)) 1950-06-16
FR920204A (fr) 1947-04-01
GB570552A (en) 1945-07-12
BE462199A (en(2012)) 1946-02-28

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