US2356491A

US2356491A - Firearm

Info

Publication number: US2356491A
Application number: US363613A
Authority: US
Inventors: Crawford C Loomis
Original assignee: Remington Arms Co LLC
Current assignee: Remington Arms Co LLC
Priority date: 1940-10-31
Filing date: 1940-10-31
Publication date: 1944-08-22
Anticipated expiration: 1961-08-22

Description

FIREARM Filed oct. 5,1, 1940 5 Sheeigs-Sheet 1 HMH ,ww u .mw NNMN rim MN .mm/mw mw Aug. 22, 1944. c. c. LooMls FIREARM Filed Oct. 5l, 1940v 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 c* c. Loomis' 2,356,491

FIREARM Filed Oct. 31, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Aug. 22, 1944.

@may/brd C lNVENTOR ATTORNE Gx S Patented ug. 22, 1944 NHTED' STATES FIREARM Crawford C. Loomis, Ilion, N. Y., assignor to Rem ington Arms Company, Inc., a corporation of Delaware 3 Claims.

This invention relates to firearms and particularly those of the type wherein the energy of the explosion of cartridges of varying lengths or energy and power is used to perform the operations incident to reloading the firearm in preparation for the next iiring. The usual rearm employs a chamber which is iixed relative to the barrel. Patent No. 2,090,656, issued August 24, 1937, discloses a movable vibrator which is used to initiate the operations in an autoloading firearm wherein the energy of the recoiling parts, after movement by explosion of the cartridge, is imparted to springs, which serve to close the bolt at the appropriate time. The inertia of the parts and strength of the springs must be such that the explosion of the cartridge will perform the desired functions. In the application of Williams, Serial No. 308,929, led December 13, 1939, now Patent No. 2,336,146, dated Dec. 7, 19.43, there is disclosed a gun which will operate with cartridges of varying lengths or energy and power. The present invention comprises improvements that might be used on such a gun, if desired, although it is to be distinctly understood that said improvements are not necessarily limited thereto. The invention herein described may be applied to any type of firearm, including, for example, rifles, Shotguns, machine guns, hand guns, etc., these merely being illustrative of the` invention. Theseandother objects will appear in the following description and drawings, which are merely illustrative.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary sectional elevation with the'action open and a cartridge ready to be carried into the chamber by the bolt on the closing motion thereof.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary sectional elevation with the action closed, a long cartridge being shown in the chamber.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary sectional elevation showing a short shell in the chamber immediately after it has been red, the actuator in this instance being at the limit of its relative motion.

Fig. 4' is similar to Fig. 3 with the exception that a long' shell is shown in the chamber.

Fig. 5 is a cross sectional view taken at line 5 5 of Fig. 1'.

Fig; 6l is a crossY sectional view taken at line 9 5 ofA Fig. 2.

Fig. '7k is a cross sectional' view taken at line 1*? of Fig. 2.

Fig. 8- is an end view of the actuator.

Fig. 9 is a vertical side View of the actuator.

Fig. 19 is a fragmentary sectional'plan view of a cartridge engaged by the cartridge retainer shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

Fig. 1l is a cross-sectionalV View on the line Ill-Hl of Fig. 12, the magazine follower being omitted for greaterclearness.

si'ons on the face of'plug 33" to hold the plus y Fig. 12 is a fragmentary sectional elevation of a modification of the firearm of Fig. 1, showing the action open and the feeding means in position to hold a cartridge for feeding into 'the chamber.

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary sectional View taken at line |3-i3 of Fig. 12.

Fig. 14 is a plan View of the strip of metal that may be used to form the trigger guard.

Fig. 15 is a perspective view of the formed trigger guard before it is placedv upon the gun.

Fig. 16 is a fragmentary View showing the several relative positions of the bolt, cartridge lifter and elevator as the bolt moves rearwardly.

Fig 1'7 is a fragmentary sectional plan View of the bolt showing a cartridge case engaged by extractors which are a modification of those shown in Fig. 11.

Fig. 18 is a sectionalv View taken at line I8|8 of Fig. 15.

The invention, in general, provides a, means for using the same gun to re either short or long shells, or shells of varying energy, the short cartridges generally being less. powerful and therefore not capable of delivering su'icient energy to the bolt or other working parts. of the gun when the springs and parts are designed for operation with the long or more powerful cartridges. It is to be distinctly understood that the invention is not limited to .22 caliber cartridges nor to the specific lengths indicated, although it will be describedl in conjunction with such caliber, but may be applied to. c'liiferentv calibers and different lengths and types of cartridges.

An actuator is provided which may be supported in an enlarged bore or other suitable means at the breech end of'the'barrel. The actuator may be made of such a length that the long cartridges are longer than the chamber of the actuator plus the relative movement thereof., and the other cartridges to be used therewith are shorter than those just defined.

In Fig. 1, a barrel 20 is threadedly engaged vat 2l Ywith a receiver 22. The bolt 23 is reciprocable or slidingiy mounted within the receiver. A striker 231s carried in a suitable aperture inthe bolt 23. Said striker has a head 29 (Fig. 2)y that is engaged by the striker spring guide means 30.

The striker spring 3l acts upon the enlargement.

of the guide means 3U, which inv turn contacts head 29, thereby urging the striker to firing position. The opposite end of the spring. 3l abuts the Ypin 32 located within the receiver plug-.332

' The receiver plug 33 may be removably connectedbymeans of screw thread 34 to the receiver 22;

A springv arm |98. may be fastened to receiver 2-24 by means of screw |99; A projection. Il. on the end'` of'sa'id. spring arm cooperates'with depresof the recoil spring 31 abuts the shoulder 39 of y Y the bolt 23.

Trigger and sea1` The striker 28 has a sear notch 40 which may be engaged by the pivoted sear 4|. The sear 4| is pvoted on pin 42 and has a spring 43 serving to rotate the sear to effective position. The spring 43 is carried in a hollow bushing 44,'whlch is threadedly engaged with the receiver 22. A lip 45,',on the bushing serves to engage the projection 46l on the pivoted sear 4| and limit the upward movement of the sear. The projection 41 of sear 4| may be engaged by the notch 48 of the pivoted arm or connector 49this arm being pivoted as at 50 on the trigger 5|, which is pivoted at 80 to the receiver.v A spring 52 serves to rotate the arm 49 in ar counter-clockwise direction (Figs. 1 and 2). Y In Fig. 1, the connector 49 is shown as it has been rotated in a clockwise direction by retraction of the boltl 23.

In Fig. 2, the projection 41 is shown engaged in the notch 48 of the arm 49 and the sear notch 48 engaged by the sear 4| in cocked position. If the trigger be pulled, the pivoted connector 49 will vmove downwardly, thereby rotating the sear4| so as to disengage it from the notch 40 of the striker 28.l This Will allow the cocked striker spring to move the striker to fired position. A trigger spring 53 (Fig. 1) and plunger 54 may be employed in the customary fashion to return the trigger to normal position. Backward or 'forward movement of the bolt 23 away from the barrel will cause engagement of the tip 8| of the lever 49 and rotate 49 in a clockwise direction (Figs. 1 and 2) and disengage the projection 41 of sear 4|l from the notch 48 of lever 49. This will allow the sear spring 43 to rotate the sear 4| in a counter-clockwise direction or toward the effective position so that, as the bolt moves forward to its closed position, the sear notch 49 will engage the sear 4|. The projection 41, however,

will not engage with notch 48 until they are aligned, which does not occur until the pull upon the trigger has been released. In this manner, the gun will not fire a second time until the trigger is released and pulled again. In order to replace the bolt in the gun after it has been removed, it is desirable to provide means to remove the lever 49 from the path of the bolt. For this purpose, a projection 36 (Fig. 2) is provided which will engage portion 58 of the receiver when the trigger is pulled'beyond the normal sear releasing position. The normal sear releasing position is approximately as shown in the dotted lines at |a of Fig'. 2. When the trigger is pulled beyond this, say, for example, to 5|b, the projection 36 will engage 58 and rotate the arm 49 about its pivot 50, thereby removing it from the path of the bolt.

. Trigger safety the position shown in Fig. 2, the safety is released I andthe trigger may be pulled. When the safety is turned to the positionshown by the dotted 2,090,656, a vibrator is employed to provide the initial movement of the recoil parts as the car- 'tridge is fired. In accordance with the present fired and the projectile is someplace within the invention, a chambered actuator 82 is employed which may be located within the enlarged bore 83 (Fig. 1) of the barrel. The actuator 82 has an internal bore 84, which serves as a chamber or a portion of the'chamber into which the cartridge is inserted. Figs. 8 and 9 show an enlarged detailed Aview of the actuator. The actuator has an enlarged diameter 85.and a smaller portion 86. Portion .86 ts the enlarged bore 83 of the barrel. Ears 81 and 88 are provided to guide and limit the rotation 0f the l.actuator and to hold the same in position, suitable slots or clearance being provided in the bolt 23 to receive the ears 81 and 88. The ear 88 may also be held between the upstanding portions of the cartridge feed box. The bore into which portion 85 of the actuator ts may have a similar shape so as to assist in positioning the actuator. 'Ihe means for limiting the rearward motion of the actuator will be described presently. The forward movement of the actuator 82 is limited by the length of the enlarged bore 83 of the barrel 20. It is evident that the pressure of the bolt need not be exerted directly against the actuator when in the closed position, as it may be transmitted thereto through the cartridge itself.

In Fig. 4, a long cartridge 91 has just been bore or has just left the muzzle of the gun. The actuator 82 has moved to the rearward limit of its motion due to recoil energy when the cartridge is fired, and the bolt. 23 has had its recoiling action initiated, starting to compress the recoil easy access and removal.there)of`.

spring 31. The cartridge case when red expands and tightly grips the walls of the chambered actuator so that force is exerted rearwardly thereon, thereby moving the actuator to the rear under the force of the gases in the barrel. The portion of the case within the barrel slides therein. It is to be noted that the cartridge powder; case 91 still bridges the joint 98 between thea barrel 28 and actuator 83, so that the powder'- gasesare sealed from said joint and do not affect, the gas contact area of the actuator.

In Fig. 3 is shown a powder case 99 of a cabtridge that is shorter than the chamber or n. ternal bore 84 depicted just after having beeni red, the actuator 82 having moved to the rearward limit of its movement. It is to be note@ that, as the cartridge case 99 is shorter than the. chamber or internal bore 84 of the actuator, that; the" joint |86 between the barrel 20 and the, actuator 82 will be subjected to the force of powder gasesl moving the projectile through the barrel. For this reason, therefore, the gas con.. tact area ofthe actuator is affected by the pressure of the powder gases which, in conjunction withthe recoil energy, moves the actuator backwardly, thereby initiating the movement of the recoiling parts. Rearward movement of the actuator is limited vby engagement of a portion of surface 98 of the actuator with the upstanding portion of the cartridge feed box,`which is integral with the receiver closing ller block 68. In this Way, a simple means is provided to positime, to allow tiontheactuator and, at the same G'artridge feeding means A tubular magazine 59 is carried in the receiver closing ller block 66. The tubular. magazine 59r isof the conventional type having a spring (not shown) and follower |01 to push the column. ofi cartridges rearwardly therein. A cartridge ele.- vator 601s pivoted on pin 42 and has an upstanding. arm 64 which cooperates with the continuousl feed box. The. cartridge feed box is an integral.

part of the receiver closing ller block.. There is also a cartridge retainer at the top ofthe. feed box defined by the inturned lips 90 and. 91|. (Fig. 5). As the bolt moves rearwardly,` as shown in Fig, l, the. continuous cam 65. will start to oscillate the elevator 66 in a clockwi'sedirection. This willV start the movement of lifter 6| through the spring. 62. As soon as suicient force is exerted on spring 62. by the elevator 66 to force theA cartridge past the auxiliary retainer spring 1|, the cartridge will start to move upwardly until the rim thereof engages the inturned lips 90 and 9| of the cartridge retainer of the. cartridge feed. box. will compress the spring 62, because further movement upward oflifter 6| will be prevented.

As the bolt moves forward, it will engage the` rim 13'or base of the cartridge, as shown in Fig. l, and slide the cartridge forwardly until the rim thereof is opposite the openings 11- of the inturned lips, at which time the compressed spring. 62 will move the lifter 6| and the cartridge upwardly so that the cartridge may be readilyv moved into the chamber 811; As shown clearly in Fig.. 10, the spring or retainer 1| may be held in position by the spring 15, which in turn. is

held in place on the cartridge. feedA box by the; screw 16, the ends of the retainer spring 1| being` heldV in the apertures 16 of the cartridge feed4 box. The receiver closing filler block 66 isv held in position by the bushing. 61, which is threadedly engaged in the receiver 22. The upward. pressure. of this bushing serves to holdk the filler block 66 firmly in position and to exert pressurev upwardly upon the barrel 20, thereby rmly holding the barrel 20 within thethreads 2| of the receiverv 22. A suitable screw 69 may be engaged in the thread 68. of the bushing 61 to hold the gun in position upon a suitable stock |06. The feed box is assembled from the rear of the receiver before the other parts are in place.l

Extractor mail` ejectm- The ejector |63 is made as Van integral part` ofthe cartridge feed box, which is a distinct advantage because the ejector may be made suf-4 ciently strong, will not be subject to damage, and may be easily and more cheaply assembled and manufactured. The extractors may take the form shown in Fig. 11 wherein the extractors 21| and24A are p ivoted on; pivots 25 and are urged into rim engaging position by the springs 26 carried in the apertures 21 of the bolt 23.

In Fig. 12 is shown a modification of the rire- Further rearward movement of the bolt.

armof Figs. I! and In the f'o1lowingdescrip- V tion, many ofthe parts are similar-"tor Figsll andi. 2 and will not. bedescribed in. detail, except' geni erally for the differencesV from. the constructionV of' Figs. 1 and2.

|201 is the barrel which isbthreadedly engaged'. at 2| with the receiver |22`. A bolt |.23\s1ides. inA the receiver |22 andf has ai-recoil spring.: |31 surrounding a tubular guidev means. |351.. The; plug |33 serves asthe abutment'. for the. guide:- |35=, lsaid guide having. the angle. of its surface; 226 which abuts surface. 221. so made. thatthei. engagement with the cone-shaped aperture: 2005 in plug |33 will beV only over a smally are'a-v and; allow comparatively free movement of the guide. |35 within said plugsc as to assureproper align-v ment of the parts. The recoil springk |31 abutsJ a splitU-shaped washer 262|, shown morerclearly: in Fig. 13. Said split washer` is carried in' agroove.v 202 near the end of theguide` |35. A triggerrll is pivoted at and has. a triggeru safety arm. |55 cooperating therewith. The pivotedl con'- nect'or or 'arm |49 performs the. same functionas# 49 of Figs. 1 andJ 2. The motion of |49 under" the urgence of spring 203.A is limited by exten..-y sion 228. Arm |49', which is preferably'astamp' ing, comprises a laterally turnedportion 204` for engagement by the bolt moves. rearwardly The sear notch is` shown atl 265; lill i'sthe.-V sear which is pivotedA at |42 andhas a bushing..l |64 limiting the upward movement of the sear'.'v In Fig. 12, the connector |49 is shown'. rotated;l about its pivot |50, whichy is beyond that nor-- mally resulting from the movement. of thev bolt..

i The receiver closing filler block |66 in thislm'odi cation is madey slightly different thanin Figs. 1 and 2 inthat the cartridge passage 2061 isin clined upwardlyand the follower 261 isso made that it will' properly function therein. The fol-AY lower 261 may have suitable rounded flutes 229i to'allow movement within the passage 266. The cartridge elevator |60 is operated bythe continuous cam surface |65 of the bolt' |23, which' causes oscillation of-the lifter |6| through the" spring |62, both the.l lifter and elevator' being pivoted at |42. The cartridge feed box has ini-- turned lips at 268, similar to that of Fi'gsz 1%* and 2, with an 'integral ejector 209 and apassage- Way |11 through the lips. It is to be noted that?= because it is n'otnecessary to.- lift the cartridge as far inFi'g. l2 asin Figs. 1 and 2, the.continuous.A cam surface |65 isdesigned. according-'1y'. Ati |63 is located a stop, limiting the relative move"-l ment of |60 and |6-I. Asuitab-le spacer and caiil tridge abutment is located at 2101, which servesi to limit the rearward movement of the cartridges' and also to space the walls of the feed box. Thelv operation of thiscartridge vfeed box is generally similar to that of- Figs. 1 and 2,' with the exception that the' auxiliary cartridge retainerv has been eliminated.

Referring particularly to Fig. 16, the detailed? movements of the cartridge lifter and cartridge'l elevator will be described. Y It is to be-underst'oodf that the descriptionA of Fig; 16 also applies gener' ally to the form shown in Figs. 1 and 2, with the' exceptionof the different retainer and means for' feeding the cartridge to the lifter. The full lines", showing the position of cartridge elevator |60 andf` cartridge lifter' |6| together with the continuous cam surface |65, indicate the positionY of 'these' partsfwhen-th'efbolt |2-'3- is closed; Wheniny thisr position, a cartridge 230 has been moved backwardly through the passageway 206 under the inuence of the spring and follower of the tubular magazine until the rim of cartridge 230 contacts the stop 2I0. A's the bolt I 23,is moved rearwardly and into positionrA, therparts will assume the position shown bythe Vlight dash-dot lines, which also serve to indicatethe positionv of thecam |65. VThe cartridge 230 at this point is justcontacted by the topr of the lifter 6|, and the spring |62 has no, tension exerted thereon. Further movement of the bolt to position B will c ause the parts to assume the positions indicated by the dotted lines. At this point, the cartridge 2301s lifted to the position 230--B by the cartridge lifter I6| through spring |62 and cartridge-elevator |60. Nocompression of the spring has taken place at this point, because the rim of the cartridge 230 has not contacted the inturned lips of the cartridge retainer. The next cartridge in the tubularmagazine is moved rearwardly by the .magazine spring until the rim thereof contacts the front arcuatel face 23| (similar to |02 of Figs. `1 and 2) of cartridge elevator |60. As the .bolt moves to its rearward position, as indicated by the heavier dash-dot lines, whereinthe arm |64 is at C, the cartridge will be now in the position shown at 230-C. In this position.. the lrim thereof is held from upward movement by the inturned lips of the cartridge feed box. The cartridge lifter |6| is therefore arrested in its upward movement so that the cartridge elevator |60, which has been moved further, has compressed the spring |62. The arm |64 of the cartridge elevator |60 has taken the positions IS4-A, |64-B and |64-C respectively during this movement. Then, as the bolt moves forward, as ,has been previously explained, it will Contact the cartridge 230-C and move it forward until the rim thereof is opposite the openings I11 of the cartridge retainer, whereupon the spring |62 will move the cartridge lifter |6| upwardly and properly align the cartridge so that it may be moved into the chamber. It may be seen that the continuous cam surface |65 causes a continuous and smooth movement of the cartridge elevator |60 as the bolt moves to the rear and that the cartridge lifter |6| has an upward Ymovement that results in compression of the spring |62.

vThe receiver closing filler block and integral cartridge-feed box are held in position in a manner similar to that of Fig. 1, with the exception that an aperture 2|I is provided at the end of the bushing |61 so that the magazine tube retaining screw |10 may be reached through the opening in the bushing |61. A modified type of extractor is shown in Fig. 17, wherein the extractors 2|2 and 2|3 are located inY suitable slots within the bolt |23. The springs 2 I4 and plungers 2| 5 4rotate the extractors 2 I2 and 2|3 about their point of engagement 2|-6 with the bolt. The

plungers 2 I 5 also, by their engagement with notch 2|1, serve to retain the extractors in position in the bolt. 'Ihe triggerguardmay be made from a stamping of sheet metal. Asshown in Fig. 14. a` continuous strip of sheet metal may be cut to proper lengths, and then the screw hp1es 2|a` aridv thertrigger guard is formed to its desired shapey which may include suitable cross-sectional snaping, such as shown in iFig. 18, which is a section taken at the line |8|8 of Fig. 15. As may be seen, when the trigger guard is so bent. the projection 22| will cooperate with aperture 222 to rigidly hold the portion 223 from side movement.

'When the trigger guard is placed in position on the gun by means of screws 224 and'225, the projection 22| will be forcedrinto aperture 222 and rigidly position the portions of the trigger guard.

It is apparent that the invention is not limited to use in a shoulder rifle as shown or with the particular typeof cartridge illustrated, but may be used in any type of firearm and with cartridges of varying lengths, powers and energies. The improvements herein are also not limited to use on the particular gun shown, but may be used on other than autoloading weapons. A gun which is easy to manufacture and assemble has been provided. The embodiments of the invention as herein described are to be understood as illustrative only, said invention being susceptible to embodiments in many forms, all falling within the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In an autoloading firearm: a barrel; a tubular cartridge magazine located adjacent said barrel; a receiver; a breech block therefor; a chamberedvactuator interposed between the barrel and the breech block, said breech block operatively y engaging said actuator when in closed position;

a cartridge feed box removably mounted in said receiver and having an upstanding portion 1ocated within the receiver and adjacent the rear end of the barrel, said upstanding portion serving asa rearward stop for said chambered actuator, said cartridge feed box having a passage therethrough for the reception of cartridges from said tubular magazine; and means to hold said cartridge feed box in assembled position in said receiver. Y v

2.. In an autoloading firearm: a. barrel; a tubular cartridge magazine located adjacent said barrel; a receiver; a breech block therefor; a chambered actuator interposed between the barrel and f the breech block, said breech block operatively engaging said actuator when in closed position; a receiver closing filler block in the receiver below the barrel, and serving as a support for said tubular magazine, said receiver closing block having a cartridge feed box integral therewith, said feed box having an upstanding portion located within the receiver and adjacent the rear end vof the barrel, said upstanding portion serving as a rearward stop for said chambered actuator, said cartridge feed-box having a passage therethrough for the reception and delivery of cartridges from said tubular magazine.

3. In an autoloading firearm; a receiver; a barrel carried by said. receiver; a breech block therefor; a chambered actuator interposed between the barrel and the breech block, said breech block operatively engaging said actuator when in closed position; a cartridge feed box removably mounted in said receiver, said feed box having an upstanding portion located within the'receiver and adjacent the rear end of the barrel, said upstanding portion serving as a rearward stop for said chambered actuator, said feed box contacting the barrel; and means to hold said feed box in assembled position in said receiver and to lock the barrel in place.

CRAWFORD C. LOOMIS.

. CERTIFICATE oF CORRECTION. Patent No. 2,556,1491. August 22, 19th.

CRAWFORD C LOOMIS It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring Correction as follows: Page 2, seoond Column, line 6, before "2,090,656" insert --In a gun of the type dis- Closed in Patent No.f; Cage 5, first column, line Ml., after "shownl insert more-; andl second column, line 2 8, after "bolt" insert as the bolt; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this Correotion therein that the same may Conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 19th da;r of December, A. D. 19ML.,

Leslie Frazer (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

. CERTIFICATE 0F CORRECMON. Patent No. 2,556,191. August 22, 19m.

' CRAwFoRD C. Looms.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 2, seoond column, line 6, before "2,090,656" insert --In a gun of the type disclosed in Patent No.,; page 5, first column, line lill, after "shovvn insert --Ilnore--g and second column, line 2 8, after "bolt" insert --as the bolt; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correotion therein that the same may conform to the record of the oase in the Patent Office. v l

Signed and sealed this 19th day of December, A. D. 19M-L.

Leslie Frazer (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents