US2353679A - Firearm - Google Patents

Description

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'July 18, 1944. c. c. LooMls FIREARM Original Filed Oct. 31, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented July 18, 1944 FIREARM Crawford C. Loomis, Ilion, N. Y., assigner lto Remington Arms Company, Inc., a corporation of Delaware Original application October 31, 1940, Serial No. 363,613. Divided and thisapplication July 23, 1943, Serial No. 495,820 i (Cl. i2-75) 1 Claim.

This invention relates to firearms and particularly those of the type wherein the energy of the explosion of cartridges of varying lengths or energy and power is used to perform the operations incident to reloading the firearm in preparation for the next firing.

This application is a division of applicants copending application, Serial No. 363,613, filed October 31, 1940.

The usual firearm employs a chamber which is fixed relative to the barrel. Patent No. 2,090,656, issued August 24, 1937, discloses a movable vibrator which is used to initiate the operations in an autoloading firearm wherein the energy of the recoiling parts, after movement by explosion of the cartridge, is imparted to springs, which serve to close the bolt at the appropriate time. The inertia of the parts and strength of the springs must be such that the explosion of the cartridge will perform the desired functions. In the application of Williams, Serial No. 308,929, iled Decernber 13, 1939, now Patent No. 2,336,146, dated Dec. 7, 1943, there is disclosed a gun which will operate with cartridges of varying lengths or energy and power. The present invention comprises improvements that might be used on such a gun, if desired, although it is to be distinctly understood that said improvements are not necessarily limited thereto. The invention herein described may be applied to any type of firearm, including, for example, rifles, Shotguns, machine guns, hand guns, etc., these merely being illustrative of the invention. These and other objects will appear in the following description and drawings, which are merely illustrative.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary sectional elevation with the action open and a cartridge ready to be carried into the chamber by the bolt on the closing motion thereof.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary sectional elevation with the action closed, a long cartridge being shown in the chamber.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary sectional elevation showing a short shell in the chamber immediately after it has been fired, the actuator in this instance being at the limit of its relative motion.

Fig. 4`is similar to Fig. 3 Ywith the exception that a long shell is shown in the chamber.

Fig. 5 is a cross sectional View taken at line 5 5 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a cross sectional View taken at line 6-6 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 7 is a cross sectional View taken at line 'I--T of Fig. 2.

Fig. 8 is an end view of the actuator.

Fig. 9 is a vertical side view of-the actuator.

Fig. l0 is a fragmentary sectional plan view of a cartridge engaged by the cartridge retainer shown in Figs. 1 and 2. l i

Fig. 11 is a fragmentary sectionalV plan view of the bolt, showing a cartridge case engaged by the extractor.

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary sectional elevation of a modication of the firearm of Fig. 1, showing the action open and the feeding means in position to hold a cartridge for feeding into the chamber.'

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary sectional View taken at line |3-I3 of Fig. 12.

Fig. 14 is a plan view of the strip of metal that may be used to form the trigger guard.

Fig. l5 is a perspective view of the formed trigger guard before it is placed upon the gun.

Fig. 16 is a fragmentary view showing the several relative positions of the bolt, cartridge lifter and elevator as the bolt moves rearwardly.

Fig. 17 is a cross sectional elevation taken along the line I7-l'l of Fig. 12.

The'invention, in general, provides a means for using the same gun to fire either short or long shells, or shells of Varying energy, the short cartridges generally being less powerful and therefore not capable of delivering sufcient energy to the bolt or other Working parts of the gun when the springs and parts are designed foroperation with the long or more powerful cartridges. It is to be distinctly understood ,that the invention is not limited to .22 caliber cartridges nor to the specific lengths indicated, although it will be described in conjunction with such caliber, but may be applied to different calibers and different lengths and types of cartridges.

An actuator is provided which may be supported in .an enlarged bore or other suitable means at the breech end of the barrel. The actuator may be made of such a length that theV long cartridges are longer than the chamber of the actu- -ator plus the relative movement thereof, and the other cartridges to be used therewith-are shorter than those just dened.

In Fig. l, a barrel 20 Iis threadedly engaged at 2l with a receiver 22. The bolt 23 is-reciprocable or slidingly mounted Within the receiver. A striker 23 is carried in a suitable aperture in the bolt 23. Said striker has a head f29 `(Fig. 2) A that is engaged by the striker spring guide means 39. The striker spring 3| acts upon the enlargement of the guide means 30, which in turn contacts head 29, thereby urging the striker to iiring position. The opposite end of the spring 3| abuts Y striker V28.

the pin 32 located within the receiver plug 33. TheY receiver plug 33 may be removably connected by means of screw thread'34 to the receiver 22. A spring arm |08 may be fastened to receiver 22 by means of screw |89. A projection H8 on the end of said spring.,a,rr ncooperates with depressions on the faceiof plug 33 to hold the plug from unscrewing accidentally from the receiver. vTubular guide means 35 may be mounted in the plug 33. A recoil spring 3'.' is located on the" 56, which may be turned by safety operating arm outside of the guide means and one end abuts the shoulder 38 of the plug 33.

The other end of the recoil spring 31 abuts the shoulder 39 of n the bolt 23. Y

Trigger and scar Thestriker 28 has a sear notch '40 which may.V

be engaged by the pivoted sear 4|. The Sear 4| is pivoted on pin 42 and has a spring 43 serving Y The f to rotate the sear to effective position.A Y Y spring 43- is carried in Va hollow bushing 44, which is threadedly engaged with the receiver 22.

A lip 45 on the bushing serves to engage the projection 4B on the pivoted searV 4| and limtthe upward movement of the sear. The projection 41 of sear 4| may be engaged by the notch 48 of the pivoted arm or connector 49, this arm being pivoted as at on the trigger 5|,which is pivoted at to the receiver. .Y A spring 52 serves to rotate the. arm 49 in a counter-clockwise direction (Figs. 1 and 2.). In Fig. 1, the connector 49 is shown as it has been rotated in a clockwise direction by retraction of the bolt 23.

In Fig. 2, the projection.41 is shown engaged in the notch 48 of the arm 49 and the sear notch 48 engaged by the sear 4| in cockedposition. If the trigger is pulled, the piovted connectorA 49 Y `will move downwardly, thereby rotating the searv 4| so as Ytodisengage it from the notch `48 of the spring to move the striker to viired position. `A trigger `spring 53'(Fig. v1) and plunger 54 may be employed in thecustomaryfashion to return the trigger to normal position. Backward or forward movement of the bolt 23 away from the bar- ,rel will cause engagement of the tip 8| of the lever 49 and rotate 49'in a clockwise direction This will allow the cocked strikery (Figs. 1 and 2) Vand disengage the projection 41 of sear 4| Vfrom the notch 48 of lever 49. This will allow the scar spring 43 to rotate the sear v 4| vin a counter-clockwise direction orv toward;

the effective position so that, as the bolt moves forwardv to its closed position, the scar notch 48 will engage the sear l4|. The projection 41, how ever, will not engage with notch 48 until they Vare'aligned,j7vhich does not occur until the pull upon the trigger has been released. In this manner, the gun Vwillfnot fire a second time until the trigger is released Vand pulled again. In order to replace the bolt in Vthegun afterit has been removed, it is desirable toprovide meansA to remove the lever 49 from the path of the bolt.

For this purpose, a projection 36 (Fig. 2) is pro'- videdwhich will engage portion 58 ofthe receiver when the trigger is pulled beyond the normal sear releasing position. The normal sear releasing position is approximately as yshown in the dotted lines at'5la of Fig. 2. When the triggeris pulled beyond this, say, for example, to Y V5| b, the projection 36 will engage 58 and rotate,

the arm 49 about its pivot 50, therebyremoving it from the path of the bolt. y

Trigger safety 1 The trigger's'afety arm 55 is carried 91.53.8118@ i of the barrel.

51 (Fig. '7). The plunger 54 engages one of the two notchesof the safety 55. When in the position shown in Fig. 2, the safety is released and the trigger may beV pulled. When the safety is turned v,to the position shown by the dotted lines v(ing, '1), the heer 1s `of the safety arm 55 will engage the surface 19 of the trigger 5| and prevent operation thereof.

Actuator n Y j In a gun of the type disclosed in Patent No. Y

2,090,656, a vibrator is employed to provide the initial movement of the recoil parts as the cartridge isiired. In accordance with the present invention, a chambered actuator 82 is employed which may be Vlocated within the enlarged .bore

. 83 (Fig. 1) of the barrel. The actuator 82 has an' internal bore 84, which serves as a chamber or al portion of the chamber into'which the cartridge is inserted.v Figs. 8 and 9 show an enlarged detailed View of `the actuator. Y The actuator Yhasan enlarged diameter anda smaller portion 86.-' Portion 86 ts the enlarged bore 83 ceive the ears 81 and 88. The ear 68 may also be held between the upstanding portions ofthe cartridge feed box. The bore intoV which portion 85 of the actuator fits may have a similar shape so as to assist in positioning the actuator. The means for limiting the rearward motion of the Vactuator will beV described presently. v 'I'he forward movement of the actuator 82 is limitedV by the length of the enlarged bore 83 ofthe barrel 29. It is evidentthat theV pressure of the 'bolt need not be exerted directly against the' ac-l tuator when in the closed position, as it'imay vbe `transmitted thereto through the cartridge itself.'

-In Fig. 4, a long cartridge S'l'has just been -i'lred `and the projectile'is vsomeplace within the bore or has just left the muzzle of the gun.

vThe actuator 82 has moved to the rearward limit 4of its motion due to recoil energy when'the'cartridg'e is fired, and the bolt 23 has had its recoil-V ing action initiated, starting to compress the recoil 4spring 31. Vtridge powder case 9.1 still bridges 'the joint 98 Itis to be noted that `the carbetween the barrel 20 and actuator 82, so that the powder gases are sealed from said joint Vand do not affect the gas contact area of the actuator.`

In Fig.' 3 is showna powder case 99of'a cartridgethatis shorter than the chamber or internal bore 84 depicted just after having been fired, the actuator 82 having moved to the rearward limit ofits movement. Itis-to`be noted that, asthe cartridgecase 99 is shorter than the chamber or internal bore' 84 of the actuator, that the joint |08 between the/barrell ,20 rand the actuator 82 will besubjectedto the force of powder gases movingthe projectile through the barrel. For this reason, thereforathe 'gas con-VV Ears 81 Vand 88 are provided" to fguide and limit the rotation of the actuator and to hold the same in position, suitable slots or Iclearance being provided inthe bolt 23V to re- Cartridge feeding means A tubular magazine 59 is carried in the receiver closing filler block 66. The tubular magazine 59 is of the conventional type having a spring (not shown) and follower |01 to push the column of cartridges rearwardly therein. A cartridge elevator 63 is pivoted on pin 42 and has -EI under the urgence of spring 62. As shown in Fig. 2, when the bolt is forward, the elevator and lifter areinrtheir downward position so that a cartridge may be deliveredV rearwardly over the lifter 6| and held from upward movement by the retainer spring 1| located in slot 12 within the cartridge feed box. The cartridge feed box is an integral part of the receiver closing filler block. There is also a cartridge retainer at the top of the feed box dened by the inturned lips 93 and 9| (Fig. 5). As the bolt moves rearwardly, as shown in Fig. 1, the continuous cam B5 will start to osoillate the elevator B0 in a clockwise direction. This will start the movement of lifter 3| through the spring G2. As soon as sufficient force is exerted on spring 82 by the elevator @il to force the cartridge past the auxiliary retainer spring 1|, the cartridge will start to move upwardly until the rim thereof engages the inturned lips Si! and Sl of the cartridge retainer of the cartridge feed box. Further rearward movement of the bolt will compress the spring 62, because further movement upward of lifter 6| will be prevented. As the bolt moves forward, it will engage the rim 'i3 or base of the cartridge, as shown in Fig. 1, and slide the cartridge forwardly until the rim thereof is opposite the openings 11 of the inturned lips, at which time the compressed spring 52 will move the lifter 5i and the cartridge upwardly so that the cartridge may be readily moved into the chamber 81%. more clearly in Fig. 10, the spring or retainer 1! may be held in position by the spring 15, which in turn is held in place on the cartridge feed box by the screw 15, the ends of the retainer spring '5| being held in. the apertures 14 of the cartridge feed box. The receiver closing filler block 35 is held in position by the bushing 61, which is threadedly engaged in the receiver 22. The upward pressure of this bushing serves to hold the filler block 63 firmly in position and to exert pressure upwardly upon the barrel 20, thereby firmly holding the barrel 23 within the threads 2| of the receiver 22. A suitable screw 63 may be engaged in the thread 38 of the bushing S1 to hold the gun in position upon a suitable stock |08. The feed box is assembled from the rear of the receiver before the other parts are in place.

Extractor and ejector The ejector |03 is made as an integral part of the cartridge feed box, which is a distinct advantage because the ejector may be made suiciently strong, will not be subject to damage, and may be easily and more cheaply assembled and manufactured. The extractors may take the form shown in Fig. 1l. wherein the extractors 24 and 24A are pivoted on pivots 25 and are urged into rim engaging position by the springs 26 carried in the apertures 21 of the bolt 23.

In Fig. 12 is shown a modification of the fire- As shown arm of Figs. 1 and 2. In the following description, many o-f the parts are similar to Figs. 1 and 2 and will not be described in detail, except generally for the differences from the construe tion of Figs. 1 and 2.

|20 is the barrel which is threadedly engaged at |2| with the receiver |22. A bolt |23 slides in the receiver |22 and has a recoil spring |31 surrounding a tubular guide means |35. The plug |33 serves as the abutment for the guide |35, said guide having the angle of its surface 226 which abuts surface 221 so made that the engagement with the cone-shaped aperture 28D in plug |33 will be only over a small area and allow comparatively free movement of the guide |35 within said plug so as to assure proper alignment of the parts. The recoil spring |31 abuts a split U-shaped washer 20|, shown more clearly in Fig.` 13. Said split washer is carried in a groove 262 near the end of the guide |35. A trigger |5| is pivoted at |80 and has a trigger safety arm |55 cooperating therewith. The pivoted connector or arm |49 performs the same functions as 49 of Figs. 1 and 2. The motion of |49 under the urgence of spring 203 is limited by extension 228. Arm |49 may be made from a stamping by turning over a portion thereof, such as the arm 234, which may be engaged by the bolt in its rearward motion. The sear notch is located at 235. 4| is the sear which is pivoted at |42 and has a bushing |44 limiting the upward movement of the sear. In Fig. 12, the connector |49 is shown rotated about its pivot |50, which is beyond that normally resulting from the movement of the bolt. The receiver closing filler block |66 in this modification is made slightly different than in Figs. 1 and 2 in that the cartridge passage 236 is inclined upwardly and the follower 201 is so made that it will properly function therein. The follower 2531 may have suitable rounded utes 229 to allow movement within the passage 206. The cartridge elevator is operated by the continuous cam surface |65 of the bolt |23, which causes oscillation of the lifter |6| through the spring |52, both the lifter and elevator being pivoted at |42. The cartridge feed box has inturned lips at 268, similar to that of Figs. 1 and 2, with an integral ejector 239 and a passageway |11 through the lips. It is to be noted that because it is not necessary to lift the cartridge'as far in Fig. 12 as in Figs. 1 and 2, the continuous cam surface |35 is designed accordingly. At |63 is located a stop, limiting the relative movement of |60 and IBI. A suitable spacer and cartridge abutment is located at 2|8, which serves to limit the rearward movement of the cartridges and also to space the walls of the feed box. The operation of this cartridge feed box is generally similar to that of Figs. 1 and 2, with the exception that the auxiliary cartridge retainer has been eliminated.

Referring particularly to Fig. 16, the detailed v movements of the cartridge lifter and cartridge elevator will be described. It is to be understood that the description of Fig. 16 also applies generally to the form shown in Figs. 1 and 2, with the exception of the different retainer and means for feeding the cartridge to the lifter. The full lines, showing the position of cartridge elevator |60 and cartridge lifter ISI together with the continuous cam surface |65, indicate the position of these parts when the bolt |23 is closed. When in this position, a cartridge 230 has been moved backwardly through the passageway 206 under the influence of the spring and follower of the tubular magazine until the rim of cartridge 230 1 contacts the stop 2|6. As the bolt |23 is moved by the dotted lines. At this point, the cartridge Y 230 is lifted to the position 2 36-B by the cartridge lifter |6| through spring |62 and cartridge elevator |60. taken place at this point, because the, rim of the cartridge 230 has not contactedthe inturned lips of the cartridge retainer. The next Acartridge in Y the tubular magazine is moved rearwardly by the magazine spring until the-rimY thereof contacts the front arcuate face 23| (similar to |62 of Figs. 1 and 2) of cartridge elevator |60. As thebolt moves to its rearward position, as indicated by the heavier dash-dot lines, wherein the arm `|64 is at C, the cartridge willbe now in theposition shown at 230-C. In this position, Vthe rim thereof is held from upward movement by the linturned lips of the cartridge feed box.Y The cartridge lifter I6| is therefore arrested in its upward movement so that the cartridge elevator |66, which has been moved further, has compressed the spring |62. 'Ihe arm |64 of the cartridge elevator Y i |60 has taken the positions |64-A, IBA-B and |64-C respectively during this movement. Ifhen,

No compression of the spring has.

In Fig. 1'1 is seen across sectional view showing the interengagement vof the receiver closing filler block with the cutV away portion. or slot of lengths, and then the screw holes 2|8 and 2li), passagev 226 andlpr'oiection 22| formed therein.V

The passage 220 serves as an aperture through `which the trigger may pass. An aperture 222 is also VcutinY the trigger guard strip for a .purpose that will appear presently. As shown in Fig. 1 5,

as the bolt moves forward, as has been previously the spring |62.

The receiver closing filler block and integral cartridge feed box are held in position in' a manner similar to that of Fig. 1, with the exception that an aperture 2|| is provided at the end of the bushing |61 so that the magazine tube retaining screw |10 may be reached through the opening in the bushing |61.

the'trig'ger guard isfformed to its desiredshape which may include suitable curved cross-sectional shaping. As may be seen, when the trigger guard v is so bent, the projection V22| willA cooperate with aperture 222 'to rigidlyhold the portion 223 from side movement. When the trigger guard is placed in position on the gun by means of screws 224 and 225, theprojection 22| will be 'forced into aperture 222 and rigidly position the .portions of the trigger guard. Y

It isapparent that the invention is not limited to use in a'shoulder riiie as shown or with the' particular type of cartridge illustrated, but may be used in any type of firearm andwith cartridges of varying lengths, powers and energies. `The improvements herein are also not limited to use on the particular gun shown, but may be used on other than autoloading weapons. A gun which is easy to manufacture andassemble has been provided. 'Ihe embodiments of the invention as herein described are to be understood as illustrative only, said invention being susceptible to embodiments in many forms, all falling within the scope of the appended claim. What is claimed is:

In a rearm: a receiver having a bolt receiving portion and a depending portion in communica-Y ller block ttedin the depending portion and serving as a support for said magazine; a barrel having threaded engagement with said receiver; a bushing threadedly mounted in said receiver and engaging said ller block, pressing the same against said barrel, thereby xedly holding said barrel and ller block in position within the receiver. Y CRAWFORD C. LOOMIS.

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