US2351965A

US2351965A - Nozzle

Info

Publication number: US2351965A
Application number: US259088A
Authority: US
Inventors: James F Hoffer
Original assignee: Ex-Cell-O Corp
Current assignee: Ex-Cell-O Corp
Priority date: 1939-03-01
Filing date: 1939-03-01
Publication date: 1944-06-20
Anticipated expiration: 1961-06-20

Description

June 20, 1944. J. HOFFER I 2,351,965

NOZZLE Filed March 1. 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet 2' (ATTOw p S Patented June 20, 1944 NOZZLE James F. .Hoffer, Detroit, Mich., assignor to Ex- Detroit. Mich., .a. corpora.-

CelI-O Corporation, .tion, of Michigan Application March 1, 1939, Serial No.i259;088

' '25 Claims. (01. 299-1074;).

'l'he present invention relates to improvements in-nozzles adapted particularly for delivering timedmetered injections of liquid fuel in connection with the operation of internal combustion engines.

One of the objects of theinvention is to provide a novelfuel injection nozzle-of-the pintle type which will open andclose sharply, thereby tially-eifective fuel lifting. pressurearea when closed,..and having a discharge means including. a pintlemovable with thevalve; and defining asupplemental fuellifting pressurearea of a size not. setting up a negative. or valve closing. pres.- suredifferential and preferably-beingzlarger than saidfirst-mentioned'area'to create a valve opening pressure differential effective to accelerate the initial valve opening movement at least. thmughtherange of flow restriction at the seat.

Another object is. to provide .a new and improved fuel injection nozzle having an outwardly opening pintle in; which all external leakage-is ovoided,;and: which therefore. can be simple and:

inexpensive inconstruction, and is" economical":

andefiicient in operation. Y

Still a further object is to" provide a novel. fueliniection nozzle having; an outwardly open-.- ing pintle which will operate efiiciently over the entire speed and load range of the engine without; causing smoking and detonation, and; more particularlyinwhich theavolume of the fuel pas-- sage-between the valve seat and the discharge orifice; is but i a small percentageof thevolume of fuelinjection atfull load.

- Another object is to provide a new and in.

proved: fuel injection nozzle having a lapped spherical valve seat which can be produced to correct form and'with perfect surface finish without. hand operation and hence at; low cost, and whichtherefore has a long'life-andican be reconditioned repeatedly.

A further; object is to provide a novel fuel:

inlfictioni nozzlein which. all of the moving: or

working parts; are hcusedin the nozzle: tip assembly; and are adjusted fonthe desired injection pressure before assembly of the tip with the holder.

Various general objects reside in: providing .a new. and improved fuel injection: nozzle which has a relatively: compactand small nozzle tip, in which the weight of the moving partsis very light so as to obtain a: low inertia; at high speeds and reduced'impact stresseaJand' in. which the range of injection characteristics ismaterially increased.

Afurther; object is to provides. novel fuel injection nozzle in; which: the valve stem. displacement is materially? reduced; thereby reducing the fuel flow/through the supply" tubing: and pressure waves or. impulses in, thextubing; eliminatingv Figure 1 isa; longitudinal. fragmentary sec tional viewof oneform t a'nozzleembodyinef turesof the. esentinventiom Fig. 2 isa div ew'of the. nozzle.

Fig; 3 is a transverse sectinnalview: of the nozzle taken along line 3 QfIEigel'.

Fig.4 is an axial sect. Ilal view'onanenlar ed.

scale of the discharge tip Qfthenozzle.

Fi 5 isa nl rge za ransverse sectional, view taken along line-5-.-.-5- o f Fig, 4%.

Fig.6 is an enlarged left endfview of the nozzledis'chargetipshown 5.,

Fig. 7.15 a fragmentaryside. elevational view on an enlarged-scale of-the nozzle-pintle.

Fig. 8 is a fragmentaryaxial sectional view of a modified format nozzle d scharge tin.

Fig. 91 is a sectional view taken-along line 99 of Fig. 8. 1 I 1 Fig. 10 is a fragmentarylongitudinal: sectional view of still another formof. discharge means.

While the invention. is susceptible ofv various modifications. and; I alternative constructions; I have he dra i issami Willi herein describe in detail thepreferredembodiment, but itis to be understoo I do not thereby intend to limit the invention to the specific form disclosed, but intend; to; cover; all; modifications and alternative, constructions: falling: within the spirit and: scope. of the invention asexpressed in the appended claims.

Referring more-particularlyto the drawings,

one. for-moi fuelinjection nozzle embodying fea-- The nozzle tip l i i i) has a suitable body or housing "f-Rreferablfi the body'i3fi's in the form of a tubinar sliell'defining. an" inner chamber or bore 4 and closed at the discharge end.

with an end wall 5 having a small bore 6 coaxial I with the bore 4. An external peripheral mounting flange I is formed on the base endof the body 3. Closely fitted within the bore"! 1s a member 8 having an inner end face or surface 9 in pressure tight engagement' *with.-tlie inner. r";

face or surface It] of the end wall 5 about the. a

bore 6. The valve seat member 8 is tubularform to provide. anaxial-passage or; bore Ii, and projects from the ,open end/ofthe tip bOdy "3:'f01" fluid tight connection to the source of fuelsup- 1 ply. The inner end of the seat member-shes anend wall-1 2- formed with a central opening or bore l3 terminating. in an annular: valve seat l4. Thisopening: consists ofashort cylindrical portion defining the minor diameter of the seat [4 and a flared portion-opening therefrom to the bore II. t 1 A pintle l5 extends slidably throughthe dis-' charge bore 6 and. meets therewith'rt'o deflne a discharge .orific'e me'ans having the desired fuel discharge characteristics for proper atomization and 'penetration. By selective variation in the form of the bore for passage 61 or the pintle [5 :or both, different spray patterns and-char acteristics may be obtained as' desired to best suitzdiiferent engine requirements. In the pres-f ent instance; 'the' discharge end *ofthe bore 1 is of cons'tantdiam'eter,"-and the pintle l5' consists of a cylindrical stem which is formed ad jacent its outer end portion with a's'p'ray control form consisting-of anarrow-oylindrical area l6 of full .pintle diameter d;'- an'-ifiner control c'o'ne IT defined by a peripheral' 'groove or undercut and tapered inwardly froiri the area lfijiand an outer cone or conical surface l8 tapered outwardly from the area lito the enact-memes. The pintle l5 coact'sw ith -the bore 6' to defihe a single annular discharge orifice I-9, "a'n'd is niovable" outwardly in the opening movement of the "nozzle to obtain a progressive ncreasingofi'fice area. -When the nozzle is [c s ed he'pintle l5 occupies a position, asshown-in' 'g} 4, in which the inner edge of the -control'areadfi islocate'da short distance, "for example; about five; per centurn offthe full valveliftpinside "the outer end of thebo're- 6; and thePoute bone l8 pmjects a short distance, from the bore, The control area l6, which is less in diameterthan' the bore 6; defines the minimum orifice area, and the outer cone- 18 causes the'c ylind ricalf fuel spray to converge so-as to obtain increased penetrationin instances -vvh'erethi's is desirable. It will be'evi'dent' that tli'e miniinumpriflce area is maintained during the initial opening move-' ment of the nozzle; i-. e.', until the inner edge of the area .IB passes from the bore 6, and that thereafter, l in. the continued opening movement, the orifice. area is automatically increased at a rate as determined by the: form-of l the inner cone I1. a; 5'1: E-tz: J Small fuel charges. require a correspondingly mall gri j ss area-,- minimum. orifice a as 'terb'ore 2! to limit of such size that the minimum quantities of fuel that may be required per injection will be introduced into the combustion chamber entirely in proper form for combustion so as to obtain satis factory power, good idling operation, efficient fuel consumption, and smokeless and quiet combustion. This requires that the minimum orifice areabemade small enough to cause the pressure to build upat' theorifice in'let'sufliciently' to obtain'adequate' fuelinjection velocity.

Formed on the inner end of the pintle I5 is an' annular valve face or seat 20 adapted for lengagement with the stationary seat l4. Also formed on the pintle V adjacent the seat fandf'movable in apcoiinterbore 0r chamber 2| in valve seat theinner endlof the bore 6 is a peripheral rib 22. The 'rib22defin'es a conical abutment should'er' 23.3.adapted' for engagement with a fixed conical stop, shoulder 24 at the end of the counthe opening movement of the pint li- .Aj-free-path ofrfuelqflow from the valve 14,-2 0: to the orifice T19 is aifordedby a plurality of,

spaced; longitudinal passages 25. Preferably; these passages are provided by partial bores which longitudinally intersect the surfaces of jthe:b.0r.e 6 and 'counterbore 2 |;,-;-and which extend ,from the innerface ill of the wall 5 to the regionizof the inner control cone IL Formed in the'pintle-151- 'at the inner end of the-conicalundercut- I1 1.5.311

annular groove 26 which serves to effect equalization of the pressure and velocity 'of the fuel issuing from thepassages 2-5 about-.theltaper so that the; discharge; fuel spray is essentially uniformlyvdis-= tributed and of circular form.

=-It is=important that the valve. seats [4 and 2| hold tightly to prevent the passage of .fueluntil? the fullvalve opening pressure (VOP) is attained. In the'present instance, the valve seats ['4 and-.20-

;are, spherical'in shape, and hence can be machine" lapped. Since-the valvese'at' member '8 is remo vable from the tip-:body 1,:- the 'seats' [4' arid-20* can be oscillated .in an :orbital movement while: in engagement'asoi asto lap 'tlie mating valvei-sur-"- ;facesto the desired" spherical shape." The 'flared' portion: of ."the l opening I 3 provides clearance-in the seat'member8 to permit this combined rot'ary 1 and'os cillatory. movement'during the lapping o'p' f erationi' The spherically lapped valve seats are accurately mated -and=have a perfect surface finish. As-falresult, they have a long life and are effective to prevent valve leakage up'to the valve opening pressure. Also, manufacturing costs are" reduced'ibecause of the avoidance of hand opera-'1 ti'on's and the usually attendant"scrapping 'gf im'-' perfectly formed parts. --"Sin'ce'their-bomdaries overlap, the seats can be reconditioned repeatedly without the-formation of ridges or shoulders as would result in attemptingto recondition conical *A'coil compression spring Z'I'serves to clos'e the valve M 420 with a predetermined spring pressure; and'asan incident thereto to retract thef'pintle" [5 into its-innermost positignift" The 'spririgffl is mounted within the seat m'einberj'8', and'at' one an=axially ofiset portion which s'erves to center the adjacent end of'the' spring 21; and which defines an outwardly opening socket 32 having a central opening 33 toreceive the shank 30. The" opening 33 is larger than the shank 30 toprovideclearance permitting limitedangular adjustment offthehanger' 29 to the end plane of the spring 21 A'clea-ran'ce hole 3'4 of suflicient size to re ceive the head 31 intersects oneside of the open I ing '33 to permit assembly of thehan'ger 29 'and the shank 30. v shown, tliesocket 32 'isin' pilot engagement with an'abutm'ent shoulder 35 i on the base of i the head 313- This shoulder; although conical inform, is in effect spherical in action to permitrelativero-- ope'ningis determined by the diameter dof the land l6; is'made at least as large as the valve opening area to prevent a negative differential;

andprefera-bly'is made larger to provide'a-valve The valve opening pressure opening differential. area is mainly determined by the diameter ofthe seat [4; Inpractlce, the effective diameter'of the valve opening area exposed to the lifting pressure of the incoming fuel may be'somewhat' greater than the inner or minor diameterd' "of the seat [4 and somewhatless'than the outside or major diameter d of the seat, theexact diameter bein partially influenced by suchfactors as surface finish, fuel" viscosity, static seat stress and the rate of fuel supply.

The volumeof the fuel space between the valv'e' seat l4 and the orifice I9 is a consideration in the proper performance of the nozzle. This space consists mainly of the space between the pintle [S and-the surface of the counterbore 2|, the pa ss'ages 25 and the space defined by the under cut I! and the groove 26' in the pintle; The

fuel in this Space is exposed to the heat of. the

nozzle tip, and part thereof may therefore be gasified by residual heat during intervals between injections, and caused to escape without proper timing into" the engine combustion chamber. Gasified fuel enteringthe combustion chamber during the exhaust stroke of the piston tends to result inengine smoking. If the gasified fuel When the parts are assembled as In thespresenti invention,- improper c'ombustioni is? minimized 'o'ri entirely amnesty-mem that volume of: the fuel space below the valve' seatsltor' witlnn:ai permissibleamaximumz The-volume ofi the: space is made. as smalli a'sis feasibly? possible inirelations. to? the: minimumt volume-of; fuel peri injection, thelratio beingc'onfinedatozazrangafronr. 0- to: 1:1 Gons'equently, thei'volumepf th'ze: fuel- 2in": the-space is never in excess otth'eevol-i'lme'of fuel. periodically supplied; even". at. 1 uantity requirements, vand as the": rate of." injectionszirr creases; the. ratio becomes. correspondingly? less; For example. the "fue11.space:-.maybe approitimately';eight-cubimmillimeters' foripresent sm'allt .5;, Diesel: enginesfin'whichi-thet idling?fuelichargmisi app'roximatelyten. to twelve 2' cubic" millimeters an'dilthe :full load charge" is l approximately fifty; to's'ixty: millimeters perin'jectiom. ..I

' In: providing such.' reduced fuel space; theiflow area of the passages-.25 shouldghoweve'r; beare tained: sufiiciently large to prevent:- objectionable flow restriction; I have fdundthattheminimum flow area of the passagesi2 5wshould bepapprox i'-- mately four times as large asrthe maximumlflowi area of. the orifice l 9. Fora given flow'area, the volume of thefuel space-is influencedv by/th'e length. of the. passages 25 .in'turn. dependent'ion the length of the pintle I5; Therefore, the pintlel5iS provided with a length not below'amini mum sufiicient to satisfy inherent mechanical" and hydraulic 'operating requirements: of. theznoz zle, and'not above a maximum short'enoughto' satisfy the maximum, permissible volume require ments': of the fuel space; It will be evident that location of the spring 2! at the inlet -side,-.in"-- stead of the outlet side, of the

valve

14, 20;" facilitates the provision of thesdesire'dlengthiof pintle and the correct proportioning' of-"relate'd art Thediametrical size of the pintle I5 may be. varied within a certain rangedepending'onxth'ez injection characteristics desired, and influences the: dimensions of the other coactingparts ofthenozzle. A relatively small diameter is; best suited for high penetration. -As the diameter isreduced, more clearance between-the pintle l5 and enters the chamber at an impropertime during the compression stroke, detonation may'result; Consequently, if the volume of residual fuel in the space between the valve 14', 20 and'the orifice I9 is too large in'relation to the'totalvolume of'each chargeper injection; the engine is likely to operate improperly and inefilciently'.

, Improper combustionis most likely to occur at idling operation. Atthis-time, therati'o of the volume of the-fueLspace below the valve seat to the. volume of theflfuel chargeis at a maximum- If the ratio is sufficiently. in excess of one (1) enough of the fuel in the space may be gasified and discharged during each period between successive nozzle operations to thereupon permit each the bore 6 is permissible, for a given. minimum orifice flow area, and hence the thickness of" the fuel sheet is increased. Also, the annularspray has a shorter radial distance toconverge after issuing from the nozzle, and thevolume of the fuel space below the valve seat His re-- duced, Conversely, as the pintle diameter'is-in'- creased, the issuing sheet of spray becomes thimner, and has a greater: distance to converge so that less penetration is obtained.

The diameter of the pintlev I5 is made suf ficiently large to permit the use'of the desired valve operating differential, andat thesame time to provide adequate physical strength in the other parts of the nozzle andan adequate; flow area; through the valve. Ihave. found that the useful range of pintle diameters d is from .040" to:.120."';

The .valve operating differential is determined by the ratio, of thecircumscribed area of thevalve seatl4, when the valve is closed; to the transverse area of the pintle I5. Taking: the; minor diameter d as the effectiveseat diametena' the ratio may be expressed as r v 2- -=-e 1 Theoretically," the area differential so ekpressedbears a direct'relationship' to the ratio of' ther valve closing pressure (VCP) to the valve open ing pressure :(VOP) and hence. may also, be expressed'as VCP/VOP. Bywayofdllustration, if the 'minorzseat diameter d is taken as .06405'f, providinga seat area of' .00322 square inch, and

the-pintle diameterdis taken. as .070", providing an area. of .00385 square inch,the theoretical differential ratio equals. :836. If the fuel pressure required .to open the valve against the action of the spring-21 is taken as 1550 pounds per square inch, .the valve closing pressure will. be" 1297 poundsper square inch, and the pressure'difierential -will be 253 pounds per square inch. 'In

the-present outwardlyopening pintle nozzle, the differential pressure and ratio. is influenced .by thetengine compression pressure. This compression tends to increase the VOP, thus assisting thespring 21in closing-the valve I4, Mandi in maintaining the valve tightly closed between injection periods. In the foregoing example, a compression pressure of 450 pounds per square inch, supplementing a five pound spring 21, would. increase the 'VOP to 2060 pounds per square inch and-the. differential pressure-to 310 pounds persquareinch; 5

,The differential of VCP/VOP serves to' eifect' quick".openingi'and closing of the valve I 4, 20,

thereby protectingithe valve seats. against cavi-' and .for different? injection requirements. I- have found.:that"the" useful ratio of VCP/VOP falls withinla range offrom .5 to 1. 1 1

. Theshankor stem 30 extends axially through the bore-I3; and coacts therewith to define an annular flow passage through the valve sea't l4. passage should have a sufficient capacity to avoid settingup objectionable flow restrictions. Therefore; thetransverse area'of thestem 30 is limited by the circumscribed seat area of the valve -I4, 20. Since the diametrical size of the head 3l 'is limited to permit a sufficient amplitude of orbital rocking in the lapping of the valve seats, and also fora'ssembly through the seat, the stem area must also be small enough to provide an'adequate stress area on the shoulder 35. I have found that the transverse stem area, which is approximately twenty-five per cent. (25%) of the full pintle area, should have a ratio to the circumscribed valveseat area coming withina useful range of from .2 to .3.- 5

Another factor influencing: the operation of the nozzle is the weight of the moving parts. It is desirable that this weight be: as low as possible in relation to themaximum quantity of fuel per injectionso as to" avoid or minimize mechanical nozzle' -noise at light loads, to reduce impact noise and to reduce stress 'on the parts. In the present outwardly opening pintle nozzle, the weight of the moving parts is very low. This is made possible because of the fact that 'the'valve seat I4, 20 is no largtandmay be made smaller in area than the pintle "I 5, and because the weight ofthe other parts may be proportionately low. I'have'found it desirablethat the ratio of the weight of the moving parts affecting inertia to the weight of the maximum quantity of fuel per injection come within arrange of from 1 to 25. The exact ratio is determined by dividing the weight of moving parts affecting inertia ;by the The-height of rise of the pintle I5, -i. e., the;

maximum stem displacement, also has desirable limits. As the height of rise is increased,. the angle of the control cone I! can be advantageously reduced to obtain an injection spray of greater. penetration for a pintle of a given diameter.

However, the pintle I5 will tend to act objection;-

ably as a pump plunger if the'height of rise is too great. It is therefore desirable that the ratio of the volume of maximum stem displacement to the maximum volume of fuel per injection come within the range of from 0 to .1. The exact ratio.

and, when it exerts a force sufficient to overcome the opposing pressure of the spring 21, causes the valve I 4, 20 to open. As the valve startsto open, a small amount of fuel passes therethrough to the fuel space leading to the orifice I9, and builds up an opening pressure, by reason of the orifice restriction, immediately effective on the full transverse area of the pintle I5 which is larger than the initial valve opening area. This increase in pressure area causes the valve I4, 20

to open sharply, i. e., with an accelerated or popping action, and to move quickly into a position. of equilibrium in which the hydraulic force balances the pressure of the spring 21 or into full open position determined by engagement of the shoulders 23 and 24.

When the valve I4, 20 is in closed position, it. has a sufficiently tight seat engagement by reason of the surface finish to prevent seepage or leakage until the maximum valve opening pres- .sure is attained. During the initial opening movement of the valve, the minimum orifice opening is small due to the close fit of the pintle IS in the bore 6, and remains constantuntil the land I6 is moved out of the bore. The opening is sufliciently small to prevent excessive leakage or injection of the fuel from the orifice I8 until the flow area through the valve I4,.20 is ade-.

quate in relation to the orifice area to prevent.

flow restriction at the valve. The mechanical friction of the moving parts is so low that a very slight pressureincrease on the effective transverse pintle area will result in an additional pintlemovement. By reason of the foregoing conditions, the valve opening movement is extremely rapid, thereby resulting in a desired high velocity offiow through the'orifice I9, and a velocity of flow through the valve particularly at initialopening and final closing sufficiently low to avoid valve seat erosion. It will be understood that the extent of valve opening is determined by the ultimate pressure of the fuel. For small injections, the pintle I5 in some instances may not be displaced sufficiently to move the land I6 out of the bore 6, and in this event, the minimumo'rifice area is the idling orifice area. As the fuel pressure is increased, the hydraulic force will .be in; creased to effect a greatersp'ring' compression and consequently a greater pintle movement within the mechanically defined limits. In the case of large injections at relatively high pump speeds, the hydraulic pressure may increase more rapidly than the spring pressure, and therefore;

cause the pintle I5 to engage the height of rise 2,351, stop shoulder 24 which limits the valveopening movement.

The fuel is discharged from the orifice I 9 in theform of anlannular spray. As the pintle I5 is moved outwardly, the control cone I'I causes the flow area of the orifice I9 to increase progressively.

At or near the end of the injection period, as

vdetermined by the cessation of fuel supply, the hydraulic pressure on the full transverse area;

ofthe pintle I5 starts to drop to permit the spring 2] to return the valve I4, 20 progressively toward closed position. This continues until the flow area through the valve is reduced to a point where the hydraulic pressure at the outlet side of the valve startsto drop relatively to the inlet fuel pressure. Thereafter, an unstable condition exists between the oppositely'acting hydraulic pressure and spring pressure, and this condition tends to close the valve with great rapidity. The final valve closing pressureis lower than the initial valve opening pressure as determined by the difference in the valve opening area of the seat 20 and the full transverse area of the pintle .I5.

When the valve is fully closed, it shuts oh the lar to the tip I but difiering therefrom in certairr specific respects hereinafter described, .is illustrated in Fig. 8. The tip I has a tubular body 3 which is formed with an axial bore 4* closed at one end by a wall 5, and which is provided at the other end with a peripheral mounting flange I Opening through the .wall 5 coaxially withthe bore 4* is a discharge bore 6 having an intermediate counterbore defining a fuel distribution chamber 26 and having a larger inner counterbore 31. A. tubular sleeve .or bushing 38 is tightly;

fitted into the counterbore 31, and is formed with a bore 3-9 coaxial with and of the same diameter .as the bore 6 The inner end of the bore 39 is ,counterbored to define a valve chamber 2 l opening flush with the innersurface or face II! .of the; wall 5 and to provide a narrow emergency stop shoulder M .A plurality of peripherally spaced Closely fitted into the bore .4 is a tubular valve seat member 8 having an end wall I2 with an outer surface or face 9*- in engagement with the face I Il and having anaxial bore 28 opening to the wall I2 and formed with a counterbore II open to the other end. A tubular stop sleeve 40 is fitted within the bore 28* against the wall .12, andprojects ashort distance into the coun- .terbore Il Opening from the sleeve 40 through the end wall IZ to the valve chamber ZI is avalve inlet passage or opening I3 terminating in an annular fixed valve seat I4 of spherical form.

A pintle I5? is reciprocable in the aligned bores 1 B and 39, and is formed on its outer end with a narrow peripheral land -I 6 and a contiguous inner 1 spray control cone W -tapering inwardly therefrom through the distribution chamber 26 The inner'end of the pintle I 5 is formed with anan- 'nular movable valve seat 2ll of spherical form adapted for engagement with the seat I.4 ,;and

with'a peripheral vrib .2 Z adapted for engagement with theshoulder 24 tolimit the outwardmovemerit of the pintle. As in the form of Fig. 1, the

;valve opening pressurearea, which is defined by the area circumscribed bythe iriovableivalve seat 5 area, at the land LIB.-

The pintle IB has an axial' shank or neck. 30

of reduced diameter extending inwardly through the valve passage I3 and the sleeve 4,I!,, a,n'd pro- Jvided at its free. end with .an enlarged head 3 I 10 resenting a conical abutmentlshoulder; 35 facing ftheQvalve'fi .A circular disk ha' ii g' er 29 iis slidable ;i the counterbore Il and is'jfformed with an 11y olfs et'socket 32 engaging the abutment oulderliaa. ,Thehan'ger 29 has acentral openv ."ingtil infl-the socket 32? receiving thepintle shank 180? and ;an.eccentric.clearance hole 3t interb -sid o t eon in' 33 -a d o su cient size to receive the head 3P i0 3 assemmy purposes. A .coil compression spring 27 of pre- In- ;e'd gpressure encircles the shank w the i The hanger lil so .is formed Lwith notches 3 6? which with the ,fitej p ovi 'la f ow a eal-p mitt n etiqmftnenei m of rise .9; the remai -norm dne a i i i it db engagement of the hanger 29 With.. ,the' adjacent -e;nd efthe stop sleeve 40. The shoulderfi imerely In entering. the. combustion 'ehamber in the t that the shankjtll ,shouldibreah. n nozes; mplo in a i h ate shrine and provi a e mp ra ve v largeilheight vof valve rise, the normal hei t of rist bp ma be el mi d I since the sprin g pressure i will balance the hylilfflllllC. pressure 7 at a I hei ht pf Prise within the an sie inect cha iica .l mits pf v ve'inovem nt: Th m d fied, o m ofA QZZl t D 'per its' the :VDlllme. ofthe fuelspace betweenthe valve and 1 th discharge orifice I9- to be materially reduced. 'lgh is reduction -;in' volume is}. especially advan- .idtaefiQus in redu'cing' smokje'at idling operation en the-smallest Diesel enginesirlow in 1 8. The reduced volume is partly attributable to location foftheheightof valverise toprernote from the tivelyma The four broached down-take passages 25 which open to the intermediate coun-Z terbore 2 5 have no effect on therslpray fon so 65 .tliatan improvedv penetration nd shap'e of spray is OIota-ined. Ing inera1; a greater height of valve I rise is permitted; and therefore the spray con- Ztrol cone I ,I j is 2 n eriailly reducedin 'ang' ular-ity. result, the fuell s 'prayis more concentrated andpenetrating which is very desirable forcerlain types of combustion chambers.

A'third form of the invention, in whichthe pintle is adapted for 'valving multiple hole orificesfjs illustrated in Fig; 10. -It--is-general1y j, similar to the form oil-Fig. f8, and hence correspending parts are identified by the: same reference numerals plus the letter :b, and only the differences are specificallyldescribed.

\ -'-I'-he end-wall 5 .of. the (body .3 .;'isx formed with an axial con-icaltproj ectiom I I throu h which the bore 6 extends, :A..plura1ity, .of diverging hole orificesopen from; the: bore :6 through the 7 pro- :jection :4 I .7 Thesesclififiimfilb r id any :desired number, and may be of any suitable form as .and:.arran m11t.f9 M in n: a desired constitutes a safetystc ip to pr vent the, pintlehead i der. In the present instance, two

orifices

42 and 43 are shown. They are in the form of straight i be!" 26 into the -orifices.

V 'In the initial opening movement 14b, 20 the land Hi starts to move across the .it starts to open the orifice 43. 1 continues to open the orifice "and when it hasfully uncovered the latter, as

f indicated in the second dotted position, the nozzle is fully open.

I the nozzle tips I,

shown) to plate closely encircles the outer end of the body46, and engages the outerface of 'fiange '48. site sides of the bores of the same diameter, spaced diametrically opposite each other, and inclined to extend perpendicularly tothe conical surface of the projection 4|.

The pintle l5 is formed on the outer end with anarrow peripheral land lfi 'slidable in the bore 6 to valve the

orifices

42 and 43 and a contiguous ishort inner spray control cone l'l of high angle for directing the fuel from the cham- Preferably, the angle of the cone. H is the same as that of the orifices 42 and 143 'so'as'lto avoid impingement of the f fuelfi'ojn thesurfaces of the latter. The velocity of the fuel is thereby maintained and caused to break up the spray against the air into which to be understood that the orifices can be so arof the engine.

through which bolts (not shown) maybe-1h. serted to clamp the holder 2 in position;

The mounting flange l of the nozzle tip lis positioned against the inner surface 53 of the flange 49, a suitable gasket 54 being interposed therebetween, and the tip projects through the flange 49 to extend into the combustion chamber Removably inserted into the holder body 46 is a cylindrical filter holder 55 having an axial stem 56 on one end extending into the inner end of the bore H of the valve seat member 8, and having an axial bore or passage 51 opening therethrough. The inlet end of the bore 51 is formed with two

counterbores

58 and 59 in which a fuel filter 69 is removably mounted.

' The filter holder 55 is formed on one end, at the base of the stem 56, with a conical abutment surface 6| adapted for fluid-tight engagement with an annular mating surface 62 on the inner end of the valve seat 8 coaxial with the bore II. A nut 63, with an outer hexagonal head 64 and an axial bore 65 opening therethrough, is threaded into the outer end of the bore 41 of the holder body 46, and is formed on the inner end with a the filter holder 55.

ranged that opening thereof will overlap or occur simultaneously. The inner end portion of the pintle l5 is separated from the control cone ll by a cylindrical section 44 of a smaller diameter, and is guided in the bore 39 which is of constant diameter substantially through the sleeve 38.

, Opposite ends of the bore 39 are chamfered, and the outer end of the guide portion of the pintle l5 is also chamfered and formed with inclined flats 45, to afford unrestricted ingressand egress of the fuel to and from the down-flow grooves 25 of the valve inner end of the orifice 42. As soon as the inner .edgeof the land l6 reaches the orifice 42, the latter starts to open. Thereafter, the pintle l5 continues to open the orifice 42 progressively.

When the pintle l5 has fully uncovered the oridotted position, The pintle l5 43 progressively.

fice 42, as indicated in the first The holder 2 is adapted to support any one of I and I in operative position to inject fuel into .a combustion chamber (not shown), and to connect the tip to a fuel supply line leading from a suitable fuel source. Considering the nozzle tip- I, and referring to Figs. 1 to 4, the holder 2 comprises an outer body or housing '46. Preferably, the holder body 46 consists of an elongated generallytubular shell having a longitudinal bore 41 and an external peripheral hexagonal mounting flange 48. One end of the body'46 is formed with an inner peripheral flange 49 for holding the nozzle tip I, and has an end surface 50' adapted to be clamped through a gasket (not shown) against a mating surface (not shown) in the engine cylinder head (not i provide a gas-tight seal. A clamp the mount- The plate 5| is formed at oppobody 46 with suitable'holes 52 coaxial conical abutment surface 66 in fluidtight engagement with a mating surface 61 on It will be seen that when the nut 63 is tightened, it will clamp the nozzle tip I and the filter holder 55 securely in position within the holder 2 while maintaining sealed communication between the aligned bores ll, 51 and 65. r

High pressure tubing from a fuel injection pump or other fuel source (not shown) may be suitably connected to the outer end of the nut 63. In the presence instance, a hollow fitting 68 is removably clamped with a pressure-tight seal againstthe outer end of the nut 63 by a bolt threaded into the outer end of the bore 65. The fitting 68 loosely encircles the shank of the bolt 69, and has a laterally extending threaded The outer end of the nut 63 and the head of the bolt 69 are formed with opposed coaxial conical abutment surfaces H and 12 adapted for pres-- sure-tight engagement with mating surfaces 13 and 14 in opposite sides'of the fitting 68. It will be seen that when the bolt 69 is tightened, the fitting 68 will be tightly clamped in position. The bolt 69 is formed with an axial bore 15 which opens to the counterbore 59, and which is connected through a plurality of intersecting radial ports 76 in the shank of the boltto the interior of the fitting 68. The filter 68 may be of any suitable characte and preferably is of the disk type. In the form shown, the filter 68 comprises a cylindrical body 11 with a seal ring 18 fitted tightly within the -counterbore 58. A plurality of filtering disks 19 tions.

"The holder, with the filtenis disclosed and claimed in my copending divisional applicatio SerialNo. 534,440, filed May 6, 1944.

rages-met I-claim as myiinvention': i "1 1. In a fuel injectionnozzle, in cornbination, a casing h'avinga :fuel-"inletvalve passageand a discharge passage I opening T from sai d casing, an outwardly opening valve controlling said in- -1et passage: and having: an annular seat defining a valve opening pressure areauaivalve imember and ia coil compression spring tending (to engage said izm'ember :with said :sea't, fthelopening :throughrsaid :seat constituting thesole path vof iuel inlet to said discharge :passage and ant-out- *wardly iopening pintlamdvable with said .wa'lve :Lmember; and having zan inwardly tapered symy metrical control cone at the outer end coacting during fue'l discharge with said discharge -pass'age to define --a restricted =annular fuel dis- 'oharge 'Oi'i-fioe i in uninterr-vupte'd communication w ith said valve; said pintlehaving anintegral sh'ank extendingiin peripherally spaced "relation =-=-t hrough said seat and havingan efiective pressuraarea larger than -:said first mentioned area and exposed to the :pressure' "in said discharge passage and acting -du-ring duel discharge I a direction to lift said valvedthe-outer end -of=said pintle having a narrow-cylindrical land -area on one periphery and being no larger in diameter than-said discharge passage.

2. Ina fuel injection 'n'ozzle; in combination, a -casing having a f fuel 'inlet valve passage, and -a discharge passage iopening from said casing, an outwardly opening walve controlling said inle't passage and --having-- a'-seat defining a valve opening pressure area,1a,;valve member and a ooilcompression #spring tending :to' engage said member '--with-sai'd seat, said=passages being in *u'interrupted conmiunication when said Waive is 'open "during -"fuel discharge and "the "opening through said seat -'constituting --the-sole path of ful inlet to said discharge-passage, and an out- ---wardly -'openi-ng pintle 1 movable with said valve member and having an inwardly-tapered 'con-z 1 tr'ol --eone "coacting with said discharge --'pa's sage during mer discharge to dfine a restricted fuel discharge-orifice increasing progressively inuni- -=rorm1 :g-raduated'fioW area" as sai'd"jvalve-moves toward open position; said pintle having an integral asl'iank -=extending in jperipherally spaced rlat'idn through -'-said seat and having a '-net fiect-ive pressure area larger *than said first "mentioned area and' expo sedtothe' pressure in said discharge passage -and acting during *fuel discharge in" -a-direc tion "to lift said valve, the "outer 'end 'face of said-controlcone-being exposed directly to t'he -exteriorbf' said-nozzle and "being no larger area than -the trarisverse area :of said discharge passage in *theplane' of 'sa'id or'ifice. I

In 'afuel "injection nozzle, in combination, a "tip casing having a fuel inlet passage and a disv =Tcharge bore, an outwardly-facing annular valve seat formed in said "passage 'intaxial' alignment with saidho're;"a 'pintle reciprocable' in said -bore "a d coa'cting with the outer edge "of said bore iduring fuel discharge to "define an annular *discharge orifice, an outwardly openin valve seat a: narrow :penipheral \:land :for defining with :the

routerizend ofnsaid bore rtheiniinirnummrifice s'area during the initial opening moyemeritiiofwsaid .rvalve, and 1a contiguous control cone uniformly tapering inwardly from saidal'l'an'd ifOI' defining "withrsaid outer end; of said here v a progressively increasing: orificevzarea in the iconti-nuediopening movementiofsaidvalva- 3 I n: 'rIn-ia fuel injectibnmozzlesin combinationwa etipcasing having a :fuel' inlet rr'aassagev and :a (dis-- charge. 13016,:311 :outwardly Ifa'cing: annularaspher- '1 ical concave fixed valve :seat formed in.tsai'difpasv sage 1-in' axial (alignment with: said bore,z::a:-.pint1e reciproca'ble in said :bcre .anflscoacting xwidihi-said ;-bore "to I define a contrdlledwdischarge rorificegan "outward-1y npenin'g :rspheric'al convex lmovable "valve seat integral with: said; pintle'and complemental in shapeztoz-and' :coactingr withssaid fixed trolling said passage, :an :axial s'hankzon-csaid pintle and extending through :said'rfixediseatrand einwardly :;from :zsaid fixed seat .1 in peripherally mit in the assembling of 'said: nozzlerlateralcoscil- 2a :1 seats are inengagerhentysaguide:member :removlation of. :said "shank Sin iany direction "while said ably engaged =with .thes'inner end :of said: shank *forfcenteringrsaidshank during normal-operation, and a spring iacting 'LOIITSaid' :shan'k at rthe iinlet :5. Inia :fuel injection: nozzle, in combinationaa tipcasing :having *a fuel' inletpassagei and a idis- -oharge :bore, an outwardly-frfacing annular'sfixed valve seat for-med inhsaid passage irmtxial alignment with said bore; :a "pintle recipro'cable lin said here sandicoacting during fuel'in'jectionew-ith thetouter edge pf-tsaidtborewtmdefineran annular seated at a one and 'in-said: casingaan'd "engaging 'atz'theaother fend against :saiddianger andi'acting through; saidhan'ger ionsaidsshank at ithe inlet side 50f said :valve in :a direction :to 1 close Jsaid valve, .azsaidipintlef h'avingira ipr'essureazarea at the outlet .si'd'e o f said Waive larger than sai'd first :mentioned area and acting fin a1 directionrzto lift .-said=va.=lveduringrfuelidischarge.-' I

In ea: fuel-iinjectionxnozzle, ins-combination, a

' ttipzcasingf having a :fuel inlet passage and a :dis-

charge :bore, :anoutwardly-ifacing annular fixed valve seat formed in said .passage inaxial alignzment with said'zhore; 'aipintle reciprocable in said "bore and coacti'ng with said there to define aicontrolled z'discharge torifice, an ioutwardly' opening :movable'valveseat integral with said pintle and tapered acon'trol element to providefaprogres'slve- :coacting with said :fixed .seat rto define :an outward'ly openin'g valve nontrolling'isaid passage; the :outer :end of "said v:pintle being formed a element, rdownfiow passages formed in the"- pe- Walve along-said pin'tle to saidgr'oove, ana spnn means 11 acting on said close said valve. r 1;;7. In: a fuel injection no raitiplcasing having'a fuel inletapassagefand, a discharge bore,aan outwardly facing anriularfixed r inner circumference of said fixed .rangeofzfrom .2 to .3.

;9. In a'fuel injection noz sition. and acting in a direction to lift-said valve,

'55 1140. ha fuel injection'nozzle, incom .casingthaving a fuel inlet;passage andan outlet passage, an outwardly opening spring-seated valve controlling said inletpassa'ge'and having aseat defining a.valve opening pressure area constitut- ,,a,:pintle movablecwith said valve and 'coacting I pintle in .a'. direction ';to

zzle; in combination,

valve: seat formed in said passage in axial :alignment with said bore, a pintl re'ciprocablein said bore and coacting .with'sa'idtbore to'c'ontrol -the rate 1 of discharge 1' therefrom. .an outwardly --opening "movable valve seatzintegral with said +10 pintle and .coacting with said first mentioned seat fixed seat: within-"a .1 c: c 90 "combinatioma chargeabore, an outwardly :facing la'nnular fixed valveiseat formed in said passageinaxial aligninent? with said bore, a. pintle reciprocable in said, 95 borewand coacting with said .bore.to:.control the rate ofidischarge therefrom, an outwardly openingmovable valve seat integral; withtsaid pintle Land .co'acting with said firstlmentioned seat to udefinec'an outwardly. opening valve controllin egosaid passage, an axial shank on said pintleifand :exte'ndingthrough said fixed seat to define "therewith anannular valve 'passageyand spring means acting-on said shank at the inlet side ofssaid valve "in: a direction toeclose .said; valve, saidiiim shank insaid. valve passage having a transverse areawhich is approximately equal tonne-fourth .of the transverse area of said pintle, and which bears a. ratio to'the area circumscribedbythe seat within a zle, in' combination, a

rousing having a fuel inlet passage and an outlet ."passage; an. outwardly. opening spring-seated .valve controlling said inlet passage and. having ;a.seatt defining a valve openingpressure area constituting thesole fuel inlet to said outlet passage, an'daapintle movable with.said..-valve' and "-coactingiwith said outlet passager'to define an annular'fuel discharge orifice, said pintle having 50 a pressure area at the outlet side ofthexvalveas :large assaid first mentioned;area:andrespon- .sive during fuel injection tothe p essure of. the fuel when-said valve iszmoved out ofxclosed posaid pintle having.-a:-valve.-stem extending in spaced relation through said "s'eat, and coiled compression spring means coasting with the inner ,end of .said-stem inwardly of "said seat and tending to close-said valve. 60

bination; a

ing thesole fuel inlet to saidoutlet passage, and

with said discharge passage to. define an orifice c for, controlling the fuel discharge from the .nozzle, Isaid pintlehaving a pressure area, at the outlet" =side.oif'said valve and adapted .to act in a direc- ;,tion,, to lift said valve inresponse to the fuel pres- .sure, the ratio of said valve opening area to'said .-r .a,st.+mem d, re re are com n with n. a

rangeyof from -;.5 to i,- said; pintle: when said 75 valve is closed being,,.retracte'd at the point of maximum diametergwithin said outlet passage, ,said pintle having -a-valve stem extending in spaced relation through. said seat, and coiled compression spring means coacting with the inner end of said stem inwardly of said seat and tendingtoclose saidvalve. i i;

: ,11. In a fuel injection nozzle, in combination,-a tip casing having a'fuel inletpassage and a discharge bore, an outwardly facing jannular' valve seat formed in said passage in axial alignment with said bore, a pintle reciprocable in-said-bore and coacting with the'outer edge .of said boreto define an annular discharge-orifice,.an outwardly Opening valve seat integral with said pintle and said pintle in a .directionto close said valve,the

ratio of;the volume of the fuelspace between said valve and said orifice to the volume of the minimum. quantity of fuel per injection comingwithin a range of from Oto 1. z 12. In a fuel injection nozzle, in combination, a casing. havinga chamber, a fuel inlet passage opening to said chamber, and an outlet passage opening'from said chamber, an outwardlyopening spring-seatedvalve controlling said inlet passage and having aseat defining a valve opening pressure area, a pintle movable with said valve and coactingwith said discharge passage todefinea restricted fuel discharge orifice, said pintle hav- -'ing a pressure area larger than saidfirst mentioned area and exposed to theiuelpressure in sa dch b and actins a direction o i t sa v v d ri fuel i ch nd ansim l m ing the maximum extent of valve movement,-- the ratio of the volume of maximum displacement of said pintle, to the maximum volume of fuel per injection comingwithin a range of from O tci 1,,

13. In a fuel injection nozzle, in combination, a tip casing having a fuel inlet passage and a discharge passage, ;an outwardly opening springseated valve controlling said inlet passage, and; a pintle movable with said valve and coac'ting-with said discharge passag to. define a restricted fuel discharge orifice, the ratio of the weight ofthe moving parts of the nozzle affecting. inertia" to the weight of themaxi'mu n quantity of fuel perinj jection coming within a' range of from-l to 2 5; 14. In-afuelinjection nozzle, in'combination, ,a tip casing having a fuelinlet passage and adis- ;chargebore, an outwardly facing annular fixed valve seat formed in said passagein axiallalignment with said bore, a pintle reciprocabl'e in said bore and having, a maximum diameter within a ,range of from .040 inch to .120-inch coa ctin g with said bore to definean -annularminimumdischarge orifice, ;an. outwardly opening movable valve seat I integral with said pintle and coactingTw ith said fixed seat to define an outwardly opening fvalve controlling said passage and having a valve opening pressurearea exposed to, saidjpassag'af'sald pintle having a. pressure, area at the outlet side I of said valve and adapted to act ina direction'to "lift said valve in response tdfl the fuel pressure,

in a direction toclose said valve.

inner circumference of said fixed .seat coming. within a range of from .2 to .3, and spring means acting on said shank at the inlet side of said valve 15. In a fuel injection nozzle, in combination, a tip casing having a fuel inlet passage and. a discharge bore, an outwardly facing annular fixed valve seat formed, in said passage in axial align.- ment with said bore, a pintle reciprocable in said bore and having a maximum diameter within a range of from .040 inch to .120 inch coacting with said bore to define an annular discharge orifice, an outwardly opening movable valve seat integral with said pintle and coacting with said fixed seat to define an outwardly opening valve controlling said passage and having a valve opening pressure area exposed to said passage, said pintle having a pressure area at the outlet side of said valve and adapted to act in a directionto lift said valve in response to the fuel pressure, the ratio of said valve opening area to said last-mentioned pressure area coming within a range of from .5 to 1, the ratio of the volume of the fuel space between said valve and said orifice to the minimum volume of fuel per injection coming within a range of from to 1, and spring means acting on said pintle in a direction to close said valve.

16. In a fuel injection nozzle, in combination, a tip casing having a fuel inlet passage and a discharge here, an outwardly facing annular fixed valve seat formed in said passage in axial alignment with said bore, a pintle reciprocable in said bore and having a maximum diameter within a range of from .040 inch to .120 inch coacting with said bore to define an annular discharge orifice,

an outwardly opening movable valve seat integral with said pintle and coacting with said fixed seat to define an outwardly opening valv lcontrolling said passage and having a valve opening pressure area exposed to said passage, said pintle having a pressure area at the outlet side of said valve and adapted to act in a direction to lift said valve in response to the fuel pressure, the ratio of said valve opening area to said last-mentioned pressure area coming within a rangeof from .5 to 1, and spring means acting on said pintle in a direction to close said valve.

17. In a fuel injection nozzle, in combination, a tip casing having a fuel inlet passage and a discharge bore, an outwardly facing annular fixed valve seat formed in said passage in axial alignmentwith said bore, a pintle reciprocable in said bore and having a maximum diameter within a range of from .040 inch to .120 inch coacting with said bore to'define an annular discharge orifice, an outwardly opening movable valve seat integral with said pintle andcoacting with said fixed seat to define an outwardly opening valve controlling said passage, the ratio of the volume of the fuel space between said valve and said orifice to the minimum volume of fuel per injection coming within a range of from 9 to 1, an axial shank on said pintle and extending through said fixed seat, the ratio of the transverse area of said shank at said valve to the area. circumscribed by the inner circumference of said fixed seat coming within a range of from .2 to .3, and spring means acting on said stem at the inlet side of said valve in a direction to close said valve.

18. In a fuel injection nozzle, in combination, a tubular tip casing having a closed end wall with an axial discharge bore opening therethrough and formed with a counterbore in the inner end presenting an inwardly facing annular stop shoulder, a tubular valve seat member removably disposed in said casing and having an 76 outer end wall engaging said first mentioned wall and formed with a valve inlet passage in axial alignment with said bore, a spherical fixed annular valve seat formed in said last mentioned wall at the outlet end of said passage, the inlet end of said passage being flaredinwardly from formed with a peripheral land area and a contiguous inwardly tapered control cone movable progressively across the outlet edge of said bore in the opening movement of said valv -and coacting therewith to. define an annular discharge orifice, and a peripheral abutment: shoulder on said stem and movable in said counterbore for engagement with said stop shoulder to limit the height of rise of said valve..

19. In a fuel injection nozzle, in combination, a tubular tip casing having a closed end wall with an axial discharge bore opening therethrough, a tubular valve seat member slidably disposed in said casing and having an outer end wall engaging said first mentioned wall and formed with a valve inlet passage in axial alignment with said bore, a spherical fixed annular concave valve seat formed in said last mentioned wall at the outlet end of saidpassaga-the inlet end of said passagebeing flared inwardly from said seat, a pintlehaving a cylindrical stem slidable in said bore and-an axial shank extending inwardly through said passage, a movable spherical annular convex valve seat formed on the inner end of said stem and coacting with said fixed seat to define an outwardly opening valve for controlling said passage, and spring means in .said seat member acting on said shank in a direction to close said valve in opposition to the pressure of the fuel.

20. In a fuel injectionnozzle, in combination, atubular tip casing having a closed end wall with an axial discharge bore opening therethrough and formed with a counterbore in the inner end'presenting an inwardly facing annular stopshoulder, a tubular valve seat member slidably disposed in said casing and having an outer end wall engaging said first mentioned wall and formed with a valve inlet passage in axial alignment with said bore, a fixed annular valve seat formed in said last mentioned wall at the outlet end of said passage, a pintle having a cylindrical stem slidable in said bore and an axial shank extending inwardly through said passage, a movable annular valve seat formed on the inner end of said stem and coacting with said fixed seat to define an outwardly opening valve for controlling said passage, spring means in said seat member acting on said shank in a direction to close said valve in opposition to the pressure of the fuel, and a peripheral abutment shoulder on said stem and movable in said counterbore for engagement with said stop shoulder to limit the height of rise of said valve.

21. In a fuel injection nozzle, in combination, a tip casing having a closed end wall with an axial discharge bore opening therethrough and formed with a counterbore in the inner end, an internally longitudinally splined sleeve fitted in said counterbore and being formed with a counterbore presenting a stop shoulder, a tubular valve seat member slidably disposed in said casing and having an outer end wall engaging said first mentioned wall and formed with a valve inlet passage in axial alignment with said bore, a fixed annular valve seat formed in said last mentioned wall at the outlet end. of said passage, a pintle having a cylindrical stem slidable in said bore and said sleeve and an axial shank extending inwardly through said passage, a movable annular valve seat formed on the inner end of said stem and coacting with said fixed seat to define an. outwardly opening valve for controlling said passage, spring means in said seat member acting on said shank in a direction to 'close said valve in opposition to the pressure of the fuel, means in said seat member for limiting the height of rise of said valve, and a peripheral safety abutment shoulder on said stem and movable in said last mentioned counterbore for en-' gagement with said stop shoulder in the event said last mentioned means becomes inefiective.

22. In a fuel injection nozzle, incombination, a tubular tip casing having a closed end wall with an axial discharge borev opening therethrough, a tubular valve seat member disposed in said casing and having an outer end wall engaging said first mentioned wall and formed with a valve inlet passage in w axial alignment with said bore, a fixed annular valve seat formed in said last mentioned wall at the outlet end of said passage, a pintle having a stem slidable in said bore and an axial shankv extending inwardly through said passage, a movable annular valve seat formed on the inner end of said stem and coacting with said fixed seat to define an outwardly opening valve for controllingsaid passage, an anchor head on the free end of said shank, an apertured hanger disk having a socket loosely receiving said shank and engaging the base of said head for limited relative-angulation, a compression spring seated in said member and acting against said disk in a direction to close said valve, and a stop sleeve in said member disposed for engagement by said disk tolimit the opening movement of said valve.

23. In a fuel injection nozzle, in combination, a tubular tip casing having a closed end wall with an axial discharge bore: opening therethrough, a tubular valve seat member removably disposed in said casing and having an outer end wall engaging said first mentioned wall and formed with a valve inlet passage in axial alignment with said bore, a spherical fixed annular valve seat formed in said last mentioned wall at the outlet end of said passage, the, inlet end of said passage being flared inwardly from said seat, a pintle having a cylindrical stem slidable in said bore and an axial shank extending inwardly through said passage, a movable spherical annular valve seat formed on the inner end of said stem and coacting with said fixed seat to define an outwardly opening valve for controlling said passage, spring means in saidseat member acting onsaid shank in a direction to close said valve in' opposition to the pressure of the fuel, the outer end of said pintle being formed with a peripheral land area and a contiguous inwardly tapered control cone movable progressively across the outlet edge of said bore in the opening movement of said valve and coacting therewith to define anannular discharge orifice, and positive stop'means'adapted for engagement to limit the maximum height of rise of said valve.

24. In a fuel injection nozzle, in combination, a casing having a fuel inlet passage and an outlet passage, an outwardly opening spring-seated valve controlling said inlet passage and having a seat defining a valve opening pressure area constituting the sole fuel inlet to said outlet passage, and a pintle movable with said valve andcoacting with said outlet passage to define an annular fuel discharge orifice, said pintle having a pressure area at the outlet side of the valve as" large as said first mentioned area and responsive during fuel injection to the pressure of th fuel when said valve is moved out of closed position and acting in a direction to lift said'valv'e, said pintle having a valve stem extending in spaced relation through said-seat, coiled compression spring means coacting with the'innerend of said stem inwardly of said seat and-tending to close said valve, and positive stop means adapted to act on said 'stem for limiting the maximum height of rise of said valve. l l

25. In a fuel injection nozzle, in combination, a hollow casing having a fuel inlet passage and an outlet passage, an outwardly opening springseated valve controlling said inlet passage and having a seat defining a valve opening pressure area constituting the sole fuel inlet to said outlet passage, a pintle movable with said valve and c'oacting with said outlet passage to define an annular-fuel discharge orifice, said pintle having a pressure area at the outlet side of said valve larger than said first mentioned "area and responsive during fuel injection to the pressure of the fuel When'said valve is moved out of closed position and acting in, a direction to lift said'va1ve,-a stem on said pintle extending in spaced relation through said seat, coiled compression spring means coacting with the inner end'o'f said stem inwardly of said seat and tending to close said valve, a member anchored to said stem for movement therewith ancl'slidably guided in saidcasing, and means in saidcasing presenting a stop shoulder'a'rranged for engagement by said member to limit theheight of rise of said valve;

I JAMES F. HOFFERJ