US2349341A - Riveting device - Google Patents

Description

INVENTOR ATTORNEYS.l

A o au NNN @kuk r www Q* WK .N54 QW WK NK 22 w I Il J. A. DISSE RIVETING DEVGE vFiled Nov. 13, 1942 y May 23, 1944.

Patented May 23, 1944 UNITED STAT ES vlA'flfllll'T OFFICE RIvETINa DEVICE Josef A. Disse, Detroit, Mien.

Application November 13, 1942, Serial No., 465,467

4 Claims.

This invention relates toriveting devices.v and.

of a. bucking; barl which will greatly relieve the.

operator, commonly known as the bucker, from the impactl delivered to the rivet by the riveting hammer. or other device; thev provisionof a bucking, bar. in. which. the reaction to the forcev ofthe riveting hammer. is, absorbed. byan inertia member which. is. spring, pressedY by. the bucker against the. rivet.; the/provision of.y a. bucking bar structure in, which. thek force applied. against the rivet, by the. bucker istransmitted through aspring element tofaninertia. member the inertia ofY which resists movement, of. the rivet under the force of` the riveting. hammer,l such force thusv being., cushioned. in its reaction4 againstthe bucker through the, spring, elementi. and the provisi'onfot a bucking bar having. the. abovedescribed characteristics that. is simple in. construction, easily manipulated andV economi.` Calto build.

Further` objects of. the invention include the. provision of a bucking bar structure so` con.d struct'ed and. arranged as toreactto the forceof the blow by the rivetingv` hammer uponP the rivet being operated upon to. apply one or more blows to the rivet in opposition. to each.. blowr applied thereto by the riVetinghammer-,during they riveting operation; the, provision ot. abuck ing'bar structure including one or ,more spring. pressedinertia members mcvable in response to' a blowupon the rivet bythe riveting hammer against'v the force of spring means and causedby the force thus stored in such spring means to strike the anvil or' equivalent memlterofA the bucking bar and thus' urge the' rivet by av hammer blow'or blows in a` direction' opposite to that which' it' is urgedfpbythe'r force of'y the riveting hammer; the provision"- of a buckingbar'including"- an I inertia member associated" with the anvil thereof and a plurality of inertia members each independently spring pressed toward themanvil tliereof' and'v each` movable in response; ,to the blow-rot' the riveting hammer'upon ,thel work out of? Contactk witlithle'l anvil andi-returned into contact" with' the anvil by the energy storedin its associated spring to apply a hammer'blow'thereto'.` in'f opposition t'of the force applied bythe riveting: hammer; thev provision-44 of a' structure asiafbovef. described in which means; are `provided for 'adjusting thefp'ressureof' thel spring acting upon: att least one3 of the inertia members;- the provision of a structure as above described in which.` suchy adjusting means for the` spring pressure comprises a support for the handle or head of' the bucking bar; and the provision of a structure as above described that is simple in constructionemcient' in operationand economi-y cal to build.

The above being. among the objects of the presentinvention4 the same consists incertain novel.' features of construction and combmations ofpartsto be hereinafter described' with refe`rence to the'accompanying drawing, and then claimed, having the above and other objects in view.

In the accompanying drawing` which illustrates suitable embodiments of; the present invention. andV in whichlike numerals refer to, like parts' throughout the several diierent views,

Fig. 1 is a partially broken, partially sectioned` side' elevational view of oneiorm of` bucking b-ar constructed in accordance. with the present invention, thesection being taken axially'thereof; and the bar being shown in its at restposition;

Fig; 2 is a fragmentary Viewy o f the operative endi of," theA bark shown in Fig. 1 illustrating the same applied to a piece' of work and illustrating the' position of the inertia memberthereoiunder such conditions; a fragment' of a cooperating riveting hammer or other rivetingA device being shown in cooperative relation therewith;

Fig.I 3l is a fragmentary view similar to that shown in Fig; 2 but illustrating a construction,

in which kthe riveting hammer acts upon the head of` the rivet instead of upon the shank thereof as in the'previous views.; l

Fig.l ris a view' similarto'Fig. 1 but illustrating a mo'died form Aof construction in which a secondary inertia memberis incorporated in the bucking bar; and,

Fig; 5 is a fragmentary view, similar to that shown in' Fig. 2 butwithV the bar shown in'Fig. 4; illustrating the same in operative position with respect to a; piece of work and a` riveting hammer orv tlielike; y

The present'invention relates to bucking bars for riveting operations and while itv has been particularly designed' for usev in those situations where'th'ebucking bar is required to be pressed against' the: work by a workman, who isY common-ly'known as the bucker, it may also find application in so-ca'lled rivetingv machines or yoke type riveters wherein the riveting machine or hammer is permanently connected with. the anvil which l'iucksthe'` rivets. For. the' purpose of simplicity in description thepresent invention will be described in its relation to the manually supported type of bucking bar and its application to the other types wil1 be made apparent to those skilled in the art therefrom without further mention.

Conventional types of manually held bucking bars for riveting operations usually consists of a relatively heavy bar of metal, usually steel, which the workman or bucker holds against one end of the rivet whil'e'. the riveting device, usually an air hammen'operates' against the opposite end of the rivet. While the mass of such bars does, of course, absorb a considerable amount of th'e blow of the riveting device or hammer in bucking a rivet, nevertheless because of the inexible connection between the bucking bar and the workman a considerable amount of the force of the blow of the hammer or riveting device is absorbed by the workman and becomes very tiring for that reason.

One of the principal objects ofthe present invention is the provision of a construction in which the force of the blow of the riveting device or hammer upon. the bucking bar is cushioned in its transmission to the bucker so as to greatly relieve him of the tiring eiects to which he is subjected as above described with the ordinary type of bucking bar. This is accomplished by mounting the anvil or theheading die of the bucking bar, depending uponwhether the riveting hammer is operating against the head or the shank of the rivet, in an inertia member comprising a mass of metal and which is spring pressed by the bucker against the rivet being operated upon. The inertia .member thus primarily absorbsthe force of the riveting device or hammer and the force which reacts upon the bucker. is transmitted to him through a spring element which thus cushions the blow upon the bucker and greatly relieves him of the lstrains which he would otherwise be subjectedto from the ,blow of the riveting device or hammer.' l

It is another principal object of the present invention to providea bucking-bar construction in which the force of the'blow of the riveting hammer or' device reacts upon one or lmore additional inertia members in the bucking bar to displace it or themagainst spring means,'such displacement storing up energy in such spring means to return such. inertia member or .members against the heading die or anvilof the bucking bar with a hammer blow or blows whereby to supplement the striking force of the riveting device or air hammer to produce an additional force tending to head the rivet being Worked upon. The second inertia memberor members not only supplement the action of the first-mentioned inertia member in absorbing the blow of the air hammer on the rivet but. supplements the eiect ofthe riveting device or air hammer in heading over the rivet. Thus` it not only, aids in` relieving the -bucker of thev strain of the riveting operation as compared to conventional constructions but actually increases the.A speed of operation of the heading of the rivet.A f I l.

Referring now. to the accompanying drawing and particularly to Fig. 1 which shows a bucking bar equippedwith a first inertia member and one secondary inertia member only` it will be` noted that the device. consists of a cylindrical and preferably metallic tube II) one end of which is radially inwardly flanged as at I2, preferably by turning the metal at such endinwardly, to :provide a bore I4 whichis restricted in diameter'aS C0111- pared to the interior diameter of the tube IIJ, and a radial shoulder I6. The opposite end of the tube I0 is closed by a plug I8 screw threaded thereinto and which in turn threadably and centrally receives a stud 20 the other end of which carries a head 22 which may be suitably secured thereto in any suitable manner such, for instance, as by means of a pin 24 which passes through the head 22 and diametrically through the associated end of the stud 29. The head 22 is preferably shaped to t the palm of the buckers hand and is preferably of a greater dimension vertically as viewed in Fig. l than in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing' so as to more comfortably lt the palm of the hand. A lock nut 26 is preferably provided on the stud 28 for cooperation with the end of the plug I8 so as to enable the head 22 to be locked in suitably spaced relation with respect to the plug I8, preferably by a distance permitting the workman to engage his iingers around the inner face of the head 22.

Slidably received within the tube I0 is a first or primary member 3 0 provided with a concentric end portion 32 of reduced diameter which slidably projects through the bore I4 and which forms with the main body portion of the inertia member 30 ya radial shoulder 34 complementary to the shoulder I6 of the tube I0. The inertia member 30 is provided with a central bore 36 within which the shank 38 of a heading die or anvil member 4l! is relatively loosely received. Such heading dies or anvils 40 are conventionally provided with an annular radial flange such as 48 joined to the shank 38 by a flared portion such as 50 andthe bore 36 is preferably flared to conform therewith. Also, as indicated, the reduced diameter end 32 of the inertia member 30 is preferably of a diameter approximatelyequal to the diameter of the iiange 48. vAlthough not necessary itis preferable that some means be provided for preventing inadvertent disengagement of the heading die or anvil member 4i) from the inertia member 30 fand for this purpose the particular means shownin accordance with the present invention rcomprises a circumferential groove 52 inthe shank 38 which is engaged by a ball 54 reciprocable in a radial hole 56 in the inertia member 30. The outer 'end of the hole 56 is closed by a plug 58 and the hole contains a coil spring 6I] which constantly urges the ball 54 inwardly into engagement with the groove 52. As will be appreciated the engagement between the ball 54 and the groove 52 provides a releasable connection which resiliently maintains the heading die or anvil member 40 from inadvertent disengagement with the inertia member 30. A second or supplementary inertia member 6I, shown in the form of a cylindrical tube, is also axially slidably received in the tube I0 With its lefthand end, as viewed in the drawing, normally in engagement with the primary inertia member 30. Loosely received within thetube-IO and maintained under compression between the outer end of the second inertia member 6I and the inner end of the plug I8 is a relatively heavy coil spring 62 which constantly acts through the second inertia member 6I to urge the shoulder 34 of the inertia member 30 against the shoulder I6of thetubeIIl. A There are two general modes of riveting now in use. In one of these the bucking bar is placed against the head of the rivet and the riveting device or hammer is provided with a heading die Whichvoperates againstfthe shank of the rivet to upset it. In such case Athe operative end of the bucking bar constitutes an anvil and Vis conventionally provided with a `depression `in the end thereof shaped to vflt the head of the rivet. The depression 15.4, illustrated in the end of the mem.. ber 40 in all gures of the drawing except Fig. 3 is provided for receiving the head nof the rivet and in such case is, strictly speaking, ,an anvil. In the other procedure the riveting device or .air hammer operates against the head `of the rivet and the bucking bar operates against the shank of the rivet and in such case, Whichis illustrated in Fig. 3, the 'member equivalent to the member 4.0 and there .show-n .as ait Mia in reality .constitutes a heading die. device or air hammer which .directly `contacts the rivet and which is illustrated in Figs. 2 `and at ES will 'be formed to upset a head from the shank of the rivet of .the desired shape. In Figs. 2 to 5 it is assumed that it is desired to have a semi-spherical head upset from the shanklof the rivet and in such case the member T65 is provided with Ya semi-spherical depressi-on .68 therein to elect such results. `In Fig. 3 it is assumed `that the rivet is a flared head rivet the .outer surface of which is adapted to be ush with the surface of -the work and in such case the operative end of the riveting device or air hammer illustrated at 66a, is illustrated as 'having a slightly enlarged fiat face end for .engagement with the head .of the rivet. Also in Fig. 3 it is assumed that the shank of the rivet may be upset into .a cylindrical head and in such case the member ila is simply .provided with a flat `operative fend face which will act to effect vthis result.

The work which is to be riveted together is il lustrated in Figs. 2, 3 and 5 ascomprising a pair of sheets ."Ill and in Figs. 2 y.and `5 the `rivet is i'llustrated as having a cylindrical shan-k 12 rand a semi-spherical head 1t, and in Fig. 3 vthe rivet is illustrated as having a cylindrical shank 16 and a flared head lt, thus agreeing with vthe above explanation.

In the operation of the device illustrated in Figs. l and 2 the bucking bar is placed against the rivet with the head 74 of the rivet received in the complementary recess 64 of the anvil member 4l! and the workman or bucker then eX- erts force against the head 22 axially pf the bucking bar and rivet sufficiently to move the shoulder 3ft `of the inertia member 3Q `away from the shnulder l5 of the tube lil, as illustrated in Fig. 2,. thus placing the spring t2 under'a compression in addition to its initial compression. The riveting device or air hammer sthen set in operation to cause the end -65 ,thereof to be driven by repeated blows against the free end of the shank of the rivet as illustrated in Fig. 2 to cause the saine to be upset. As the hammer-like blows from the riveting device or yair hammer are delivered through the memberf Vagainst the free end of the Shank 12 of the rivet and these blows are transmitted through the anvil member 4t to the inertia members and El, the inertia members being pressed by the ferce of the spring 62 towards their operative position are Vnevertheless capable of a limited amount of `retra-ctive movement vunder Vthe force of the blow within the tube l!! withoutcausing an equivalent movement of the head 22 and consequently the hand and arm of the workman. Nevertheless the force lof the spring 62 urges the inertia members 30 and El and. therefore, the anvil member 4t in a direction tending to maintain the head 'M of `the rivet l2 in contact with the cooperating sheet The element of the riveting gli) 1l). Thus :the necessary :resistance is ,applied 4to .the rivet'beingheaded to :eifectthe headingfthere- 4of and yyet the lforce .of the riveting blnws `upon the workman 'or ibuc-keris materially reduced and the strain to which he would otherwise be subjected correspondingly reduced.

In addition to thel yielding of the spring 62 under :the force of the rivet hammer blows to relieve the workman frommaterial absorption =of such lblows `on the rivet, the inertia `memlzver 6i has an additional .and highly important function as follows. The relative masses of the inertia members 30 vand 61| are such, and the latter .particularly with relation to the weight or force of the spring 6:2, that each time `the riveting hammer or device strikes the rivet the force of the =blow 'transmitted to the inertia member (il causes it to move inwardly against the force of the spring `('72 away from contact with the inertia member 30, as, for instance, to a position such as indicated by the dotted line "Bia in Fig. 2. This action further compresses the spring 62 and following which the force of the spring 6.2 drives the inertia member .El back into contact with the inertia member '3D :thereby to apply a hammer-like blow to the inertia member 30 which is transmitted through .the anvil or heading member All against the rivet in opposition to the force of the hammer or other riveting device thereon, and thus imparts an additional heading :over blow Ito the rivet each time a blow is struck on the rivet by the air hammer or other rivetingdevice. This Vsupplementary blow through relative lmovement between `the inert-ia members 50 and B1 is of a material force and materially aids 1in the speed with which the riveting operation on a rivet may be completed and, as previously explained, at the same time this 'feature -of the construction materially reduces the reaction tn the blow on the rivet by the riveting hammer or other -device which must be absorbed bythe bucker or Workman supporting the bucking tool,.thus to reduce the fatiguing eiects of the same on the workman.

It will be appreciated, of course, that the mass of the inertia members 30 and 6i or the weight `of the spring 62, or both, may desir-ably be varied in accordance with the size of the rivet being driven `and `the material from which the rivet is made. In other words, it will be appreciated that the larger the rivet the greater the desirable mass particularly vof the inertia member 3G. If the weight ofthe spring S2 is increased, then the mass of the inertia member 6I must also Vbe increased. On the other hand, it will also be appreciated that there is a practical limit to the mass of the inertia members 3!! and 6i, particularly in connection with manually operated types of bucking bars for workmens muscles may become fatiguedfrom `supporting a heavy weight as well as from resisting the .blows from the rivetin-g hammer or device. Actual experience indicates, however, that particularly for the size lof rivets employed in aircraft construction the inertia members 30 and El may be of sufciently low mass as not to subject the workman to any unusual fatigue in Supporting the bucking bar of the present invention and materially reduces the fatiguing effects of the action of the riveting hammer upon him.

It ywill be appreciated that the above described construction may bemodiiied so that .the inertia member (il Aor its equivalent would not be interposed between the inertia member Sii and the spring B2, but would be separate therefrom and provided with an individual spring allowing it to function in the same manner as above described. In such case the spring 62 would be lengthened so as to be compressed between the inertia memberv 3|Iand the spring 62 would be lengthened so as to be compressed between the inertia member 30 and the closure plug I8. Or, the inertia member 6| may be retained in the position shown and a third inertia member disposed as thus described and provided in addition thereto, This last form of construction is shown by way of illustration of these suggestions in Figs. 4 and 5.

In thus modifying the rst described construction not only are all of the advantages thus far described realized but an additional advantage in increasing the effectiveness of the riveting device or hammer in heading over the rivet is also realized. This additional effectiveness results from the employment of such third, or second supplementing inertia member resisting the movement of the anvil or heading die of the bucking bar under the force of the 'blows of the riveting device or air hammer. As above suggested, this third inertia member is similar to the first one in that it is normally spring pressed against the anvil or heading die of the bucking bar, and like the second inertia member is capable of moving out of contact with the first inertia member, or the anvil or heading die which is functionally equivalent to it as far as the operation of the third inertia member is concerned as will be appreciated from the following description, each time the latter receives a blow from the riveting device or air hammer. In thus moving away from the anvil or heading die it compresses its corresponding spring and, therefore, stores up energy in the same, which energy returns it into Contact with the anvil or heading die with a hammer-like blow which in itself imparts a supplementary blow to the anvil or heading die of the bucking bar tending to further upset the rivet in the same general manner as the inertia member 6| as above described. The construction thus provides means for producing a further heading blow on the rivet for each blow delivered thereto by the riveting device and thus has the elect of causing the rivet to be headed over in a still quicker manner than by the use of a conventional bucking bar or by a bucking bar of the type illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. It also provides an additional inertia mass spring pressed toward the work to further relieve the operator or bucker from the tiring eifects of the blows from the riveting device or air hammer.

Referring now to Figs. 4 and 5 it will be seen that the device there shown is identical to that shown in the previous views with the exception of the additional parts added. These additional parts comprise a third inertia member 86 in the form of a cylindrical metallic bar relatively loosely and, therefore, slidably received within the second inertia member 6|. Its righthand end as viewed in Fig. 4 is provided with a central blind bore 82 within which is partially housed a coil spring 84 of less weight than the spring 62. The opposite end of the coil spring 84 is received in the recessed end of a cap or guide member 86 which abuts the inner end of the stud 28. 'Ihe spring 84 is normally colnpressed between the blind end of the bore 82 and the cap member 84 and, therefore, constantly urges the `third inertia member 80 to the left, as viewed in the drawing. It may be thus pressed against the inertia member 30 or directly against the end of the shank 38 of the anvil member 48, the latter condition being preferable and being shown by way of illustration. By loosening the lock nut 26 and turning the head 22 the initial compressive force of the spring 84 may be varied as will be readily appreciated and this is of particular advantage in adjusting the device for optimum operating conditions of the third inertia member 86 and particularly in adaptingv the bar for driving of rivets of different sizes.

In operation with the modified bucker bar shown in Figs. 4 and 5 the same mode of operation is carried out as previously described in vconnection with the forms shown in Figs. 1 and 2, that is, the workman or bucker presses against the head 22 to cause the inertia members 38 and 6| to be retracted in the tube I8 against the force of the spring 62 so as to space the shoulder I6 of the tube I8 and the shoulder 34 of the inertia member 30 from one another as illustrated in Fig. 5. At the same time it will be appreciated that the spring 84 is also compressed beyond its normal condition. With the bucking bar in such relation the riveting device or air hammer is operated to cause the anvil member or heading die 66 or 56a thereof to strike against the rivet 'I2 or 16. Under such conditions when the blow from the riveting device is transmitted through the rivet to the anvil or heading die member 40 or 40a the movement of the latter in reacting to the force of such blow is transmitted to the third inertia member 88 andthe inertia thus imparted to such third inertia member 88 is sufficient to cause its operative end to move away from. the cooperating end of the shank 38 against the force of the spring 84, as'for instance to a point such as indicated by the dotted line 86 in Fig. 5, upon which not only the initial compressive force of the spring 84 but that added by the further compression thereof due to the movement of the third inertia member forcefully returns the third inertia member 80 into contact with the end of the shank 38 with a hammer-like blow which blow is transmitted through the anvil member or heading die 40 to the rivet being operated upon to thus provide an additional blow tending to upset the rivet. This movement of the third inertia member 88, in the same general manner as the second member 6| above described, thus furnishing an additional upsetting blow on therivet will, of course, occur each time a blow is struck against the rivet by the riveting device or air hammer and, of course, where the force of the blow. of the latter is sufficient' to effect the above described separating movement between the secondary inertia member 80 and the shank 38 of the anvil or heading die member the same as in the case of the inertia member 6|. The relation of the parts and the weight of the spring 84 are, of course, so proportioned that such movement of the secondary inertia members 6| and 80 will occur during normal operation of the riveting device employed as the prime motive force in thedriv ing of the rivet.

The resistance of the secondary inertia member 80 to movement and its connection to the head 22 through the spring 84 serves, of course, to supplement the same action as the inertia members 30 and 6| in relieving the operator or bucker from absorbing the full force of the blow of the riveting device or air hammer on the rivet during the riveting operation, and, therefore, supplements the action of the inertia member 30 in relieving the operator or bucker from the tiring effects of the riveting operation.

Having thus described my invention what I claim by Letters Patent is:

l. In a rivet bucking device, in combination, a housing, an inertia member reciprocable in said housing and having a bore therethrough, spring means urging said inertia member in one direction of movement in said housing, means limiting movement of said inertia member under the influence of said spring in said housing, a rivet engaging member received in and projecting through said bore in said inertia member, a second inertia member reciprocable in said housing, and spring means constantly urging said second inertia member into contact with the end of said rivet engaging means projecting through said first-mentioned inertia member.

2. In a rivet bucking device, in combination, a housing, an inertia member reciprocable in said housing and having a bore therethrough, a second inertia member reciprocable in said housing and normally abutting the rst-mentioned inertia member, spring means urging said inertia members in one direction of movement in said housing, means limiting movement of said inertia members under the inuence of said spring in said housing, a rivet engaging member received in and projecting through said bore of said i'irst mentioned inertia member, a third inertia member reciprocable in said housing, spring means constantly urging said third inertia member into contact with the end of said rivet engaging means projecting through said first-mentioned inertia member, a movable abutment for the second-mentioned spring means, and screw means cooperating with said housing for adjusting the position of said abutment.

3. A rivet bucking device comprising, in combination, a tube having an inwardly iianged end, an inertia member reciprocable Within said tube and engageable With said inwardly flanged end to limit movement thereof in one direction in said tube, said inertia member having a bore therein for reception of a rivet engaging member, a rivet engaging member received in and projecting through said bore, a second inertia member reciprocable in said tube and normally abutting the first-mentioned inertia member, a closure for the opposite end of said tube, a coil spring within said tube maintained under com pression between'said closure means and said second inertia member, a third inertia member reciprocably received Within said tube, a second spring Within said housing cooperating with said third inertia member to constantly urge the same in the same direction of movement in said housing that the first-mentioned spring urges the rst two mentioned inertia members and into contact with the inwardly projecting end of said rivet engaging member independently of the first two mentioned inertia members, an abutment for said second spring, screw means threaded through said closure member and engaging said abutment member whereby to enable the force of compression of said second spring to be varied, and a manually graspable head carried on said screw means exteriorly or said housing.

4, A rivet bucking device comprising, in com bination, a housing, a rivet engaging member guided for reciprocable movement in one end of said housing, a pair cf inertia members independently reciprocable in said housing axially thereof, a spring constantly urging one of said inertia members toward said rivet engaging member, another spring constantly urging the other of said inertia members toward said rivet engaging member, said inertia members independently cooperating with said rivet engaging member whereby the force of movement of each thereof under the force of its respective spring is transmitted to said rivet engaging member independently of the other.

JOSEF A. DIss.

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