US2349058A - Lubricant and the method of preparing the same - Google Patents
Lubricant and the method of preparing the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2349058A US2349058A US404895A US40489541A US2349058A US 2349058 A US2349058 A US 2349058A US 404895 A US404895 A US 404895A US 40489541 A US40489541 A US 40489541A US 2349058 A US2349058 A US 2349058A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- soap
- lubricant
- oil
- metal
- glyceroxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 48
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 36
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 19
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 18
- 241000158728 Meliaceae Species 0.000 description 16
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 8
- HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Pb+2] HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(II) oxide Inorganic materials [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 for example Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HNNQYHFROJDYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)propanoic acid 3-(3-ethylcyclopentyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound CCC1CCC(CCC(O)=O)C1.CCC1CCC(CCC(O)=O)CC1 HNNQYHFROJDYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WBLCSWMHSXNOPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Pb] Chemical compound [Na].[Pb] WBLCSWMHSXNOPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010685 fatty oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003739 neck Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 241000273930 Brevoortia tyrannus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000872198 Serjania polyphylla Species 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940013317 fish oils Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005639 glycero group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005608 naphthenic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M5/00—Solid or semi-solid compositions containing as the essential lubricating ingredient mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
- C10M2201/042—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black halogenated, i.e. graphite fluoride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
- C10M2201/102—Silicates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/16—Naphthenic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/06—Groups 3 or 13
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/14—Group 7
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/16—Groups 8, 9, or 10
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/02—Bearings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/06—Instruments or other precision apparatus, e.g. damping fluids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to improvements in lubricants and more particularly to improved greases adapted for use under conditions of high temperature and pressures and the method of preparing the improved greases.
- compositions of the present invention are particularly well suited as lubricants such as mill greases, gear shield lubricants and other similar lubricants capable of providing adequate lubrication under extreme pressure and temperature conditions.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a lubricant resistant to high temperatures and pressures. Another object of the invention is to provide a lubricant resistant to hot water. Still another object of the invention is to provide a smooth, stringy and tacky lubricant having sufficient fiber structure to adhere tenaciously to open gears. A further object of the invention is to provide an improved method of preparing such lubricants. Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent as the description thereof proceeds.
- a lubricant containing in its broadest aspect a complex lead soap and solubilizers of the type hereinafter described.
- the lubricant can contain carbon black permanently dispersed or suspended therein.
- the soap base of my improved lubricant is a complex soap of lead and an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.
- Ser No. 326,785 filed March 29, 1940, now Patent No. 2,295,189, granted September 8, 1942, of which the present application is a continuation-impart, there are described lubricants containing a new and novel'complex lead soap of lead and a metal of the alkali group or a metal of the alkaline earth group, prepared according to the following equation.
- the metal constituent of the glyceroxide may correspond with the metal constituent of the metal-lead soap or it may be a different metal.
- a lubricant containing a metal glyceroxide can be obtained by modifying the procedure described in my copending application for preparing the complex lead soap base of the above type.
- twice as much alkali as is normally required for the fat saponiflcation as indicated by the above equation is used.
- a metal glyceroxide By employing this amount of excess alkali there is obtained in addition to the complex lead soap, a metal glyceroxide.
- the following reaction illustrating the action of an hydroxide of an univalent metal on a fat in the presence of an oxide of lead is believed to take place.
- M is a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals such as, for example, calcium, barium, strontium, potassium and preferably sodium.
- the metal glyceroxide obtained in accordance with the above formula contributes to the improved properties obtained since it functions as a solubilizing agent and imparts a degree of stringiness to the lubricant which is highly desired.
- the fatty material employed in the preparation of the complex soap can be any fat or fatty oil, particularly those containing fatty acids having eight or more carbon atoms, or mixtures of such fatty materials.
- fatty materials which can be employed are animal fats and fatty oils, such as, for example tallow, beta fat, etc., fish oils, for example menhaden oil, and others.
- the improved lubricants of the present invention contain also a second solubilizing agent, mineral oil, and if desired, a filler, such as carbon black.
- the second solubilizing agent'employed in accordance with the present invention is a metal soap of preferentially oil-soluble sulfonic acids or naphthenic acids, preferably those obtained in the treatment of petroleum oils with concentrated sulfuric acid.
- the preferentially oil-soluble sulfonates are well known in the art and are commonly referred to as mahogany soaps because of their characteristic mahogany color. These soaps usually contain approximately 40% metallic sulfonates, 40% unsulfonated petroleum oil and 20% of water and sulfates. They will be referred to hereinafter and in the appended claims as mahogany soaps. Although I prefer to use the sodium mahogany soap, other metallic soaps of mahogany acids such as potassium, calcium, barium, aluminum, iron and lead soaps can be used.
- preferentially oil-soluble sulfonates derived from petroleum oils in general can be employed, I prefer to use the metal derivatives of preferentially oil-soluble sulfonates obtained by treating distillatcs of 200-400 seconds Saybolt Universal viscosity at 100 F. with from about 7 to about 8 pounds of fuming sulfuric acid per gallon of oil.
- the filler such as for example, carbon black may be omitted.
- carbon black is effective in increasing the water resistance and also improving the heat resistance of the lubricant its presence is advantageous.
- the mineral oil constituent of the lubricant can be, depending upon the particular use, any lubricating oil, preferably a mineral lubricating oil ranging in Saybolt Universal viscosity at 100 F. of from about 80 seconds to about 10,000 seconds or higher. of fractions of oils of various viscosities to give the desired viscosity, or it may be a single fraction. Also, the oil may be distillate oil or residual oil or blends thereof.
- the amount of the complex lead soap, for example, soda lead soap, which may be used in the lubricant can vary from about 1% to about 50% or more Lubricants having these maximum and minimum soap contents may, for example, contain the following approximate compositions, the amounts being on a weight percentage basis.
- Filler e. g. carbon black
- the oil may be a blend leum oil is added, and the contents of the mixer heated to a temperature of from about F. to about F.
- All of the caustic soda is then added, preferably in a 48 Baum solution, at a temperature of about 160 F. and the batch maintained at about 180 F. to 200 1''. until the base becomes thickened. All of the litharge is then added and the temperature raised slowly to about 500 F.
- the following formulae show the approximate proportions of ingredients employed in preparing three grades of a. lubricant made in accordance with the present invention.
- the heavy and medium grade lubricants are suitable as gear shield lubricants andthe' softer grade lubricant is a viscous semi-fluid lubricant adapted to lubricate cables, journals and roll necks operating at elevated temperatures;-
- Lubricants prepared from the above formulae will have the following compositions on a weight percentage basis Heavy Medium sen Per cent Per cent Per cent mo 11.; 4.2 1.8 1.3 0. s as 1.9 0.1 0.0 4.5 1.1 a s a s 0. 2 14.: 80.5 92.7
- Greases of the foregoing type are smooth, stringy. and tacky but still suiiiciently fibrous to be pulled back to the face of the gear teeth after each revolution, do not lose consistency on working, and are highly resistant to hot water. The latter property is essential in the lubrication of many journals and roll necks which are water cooled,
- a lubricant containing sodium lead soap of a fatty material containing fatty acids having more than eight carbon atoms in the molecule 8.
- a lubricant comprising the following approximate composition:
- Sodium mahogany soa comprising the steps, mixing all of the tallow. the sodium mahogany soap and the carbon black with a portion of the petroleum oil until the base is smooth; heating the mixture to a temperature of from about 160 F. to about 180 F. and adding all of the caustic soda in a 48 Baum solution; stirring the mixture at a temperature of from 180 F. to about 200 F. until the base becomes thickened; adding all of the litharge to the mixture, and increasing the temperature to about 500 F. to 520 F.; stirring the mixture at the last named temperature until the mixture is smooth, and subsequently grading in the additional petroleum oil at a temperature of from about 300 F.
- Tallow Sodium mahogany soap Dry caustic soda Petroleum oil Litharge comprising the steps, mixing all of the tallow and the sodium mahogany soap with a portion of the petroleum oil until the base is smooth; heating the same to a temperature of from about 160 F. to about 180 F. and adding all of the caustic soda in a 48 Baum solution; stirring the mixture at a temperature of from 180 F. to about 200 F.
- said complex lead soap being the soap 0! lead and i a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals and said metal glyceroxide being the glyceroxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.
- a lubricant containing the following approximate compositio Litharge and tree sodium hydroxide- Oil (ill until the base becomes thickened; adding all of the litharge to the mixture and increasing the temperature to about 500 F. to 520 F.; stirring the mixture at the last named temperature until the mixture is smooth, and subsequently grading in the additional petroleum oil at a temperature of from about 300 F. to about 330 F.
- the additional petroleum oil at a'temperature oi from about 300 F. to about 330 F.
Description
Fatented May 16, 1944 PATENT OFF LUBRICANT AND THE 'METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME Reuben A. Swenson, Hammond, Ind., assignor to Standard Oil Company, Chicago, 111., a corporation of Indiana No Drawingg 16 Claims.
The present invention relates to improvements in lubricants and more particularly to improved greases adapted for use under conditions of high temperature and pressures and the method of preparing the improved greases.
The compositions of the present invention are particularly well suited as lubricants such as mill greases, gear shield lubricants and other similar lubricants capable of providing adequate lubrication under extreme pressure and temperature conditions.
An object of the present invention is to provide a lubricant resistant to high temperatures and pressures. Another object of the invention is to provide a lubricant resistant to hot water. Still another object of the invention is to provide a smooth, stringy and tacky lubricant having sufficient fiber structure to adhere tenaciously to open gears. A further object of the invention is to provide an improved method of preparing such lubricants. Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent as the description thereof proceeds.
I have discovered that the foregoing objects can be attained by employing a lubricant containing in its broadest aspect a complex lead soap and solubilizers of the type hereinafter described. The lubricant can contain carbon black permanently dispersed or suspended therein.
The soap base of my improved lubricant is a complex soap of lead and an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. In my copending application, Serial No. 326,785, filed March 29, 1940, now Patent No. 2,295,189, granted September 8, 1942, of which the present application is a continuation-impart, there are described lubricants containing a new and novel'complex lead soap of lead and a metal of the alkali group or a metal of the alkaline earth group, prepared according to the following equation.
I have now discovered that improved greases of the foregoing type are obtained by incorporating therein a glycero'xide of a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, for example, sodium glyceroxide,
Application July 31, 1941, erial No. 404,895
potassium glyceroxide, calcium glyceroxide and the like. The metal constituent of the glyceroxide may correspond with the metal constituent of the metal-lead soap or it may be a different metal.
A lubricant containing a metal glyceroxide can be obtained by modifying the procedure described in my copending application for preparing the complex lead soap base of the above type. In accordance with the present invention, twice as much alkali as is normally required for the fat saponiflcation as indicated by the above equation is used. By employing this amount of excess alkali there is obtained in addition to the complex lead soap, a metal glyceroxide. The following reaction illustrating the action of an hydroxide of an univalent metal on a fat in the presence of an oxide of lead is believed to take place.
in which M is a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals such as, for example, calcium, barium, strontium, potassium and preferably sodium. The metal glyceroxide obtained in accordance with the above formula contributes to the improved properties obtained since it functions as a solubilizing agent and imparts a degree of stringiness to the lubricant which is highly desired.
The fatty material employed in the preparation of the complex soap can be any fat or fatty oil, particularly those containing fatty acids having eight or more carbon atoms, or mixtures of such fatty materials. Examples of fatty materials which can be employed are animal fats and fatty oils, such as, for example tallow, beta fat, etc., fish oils, for example menhaden oil, and others.
In addition to the complex lead soap and the metal glyceroxide the improved lubricants of the present invention contain also a second solubilizing agent, mineral oil, and if desired, a filler, such as carbon black.
The second solubilizing agent'employed in accordance with the present invention is a metal soap of preferentially oil-soluble sulfonic acids or naphthenic acids, preferably those obtained in the treatment of petroleum oils with concentrated sulfuric acid. The preferentially oil-soluble sulfonates are well known in the art and are commonly referred to as mahogany soaps because of their characteristic mahogany color. These soaps usually contain approximately 40% metallic sulfonates, 40% unsulfonated petroleum oil and 20% of water and sulfates. They will be referred to hereinafter and in the appended claims as mahogany soaps. Although I prefer to use the sodium mahogany soap, other metallic soaps of mahogany acids such as potassium, calcium, barium, aluminum, iron and lead soaps can be used.
While preferentially oil-soluble sulfonates derived from petroleum oils in general can be employed, I prefer to use the metal derivatives of preferentially oil-soluble sulfonates obtained by treating distillatcs of 200-400 seconds Saybolt Universal viscosity at 100 F. with from about 7 to about 8 pounds of fuming sulfuric acid per gallon of oil.
If desired the filler, such as for example, carbon black may be omitted. However, since carbon black is effective in increasing the water resistance and also improving the heat resistance of the lubricant its presence is advantageous.
The mineral oil constituent of the lubricant can be, depending upon the particular use, any lubricating oil, preferably a mineral lubricating oil ranging in Saybolt Universal viscosity at 100 F. of from about 80 seconds to about 10,000 seconds or higher. of fractions of oils of various viscosities to give the desired viscosity, or it may be a single fraction. Also, the oil may be distillate oil or residual oil or blends thereof.
The amount of the complex lead soap, for example, soda lead soap, which may be used in the lubricant can vary from about 1% to about 50% or more Lubricants having these maximum and minimum soap contents may, for example, contain the following approximate compositions, the amounts being on a weight percentage basis.
Per cent Complex lead soap 1.0 to 50.0 Metal glyceroxide 0.1 to 6.0 solubilizer 0.05 to 15.0 Oil 97.85 to 9.0
Filler (e. g. carbon black) 1.0 to 20.0
Ingredient 1% soap 60% soap Pounds Pounds Tallow 0. 57 4 Sodium mahogany soap (water free basis). 0.06 14. 2 Dry caustic soda 0. l6 7. 8 Litharge 0. 46 22. 8 Carbon black l. 20. 0 Petroleum oil 07. 70 8. 0
In preparing the lubricant all of the tallow and the sodium mahogany soap, and from about 10% to about 20% of the petroleum oil are charged into a mixer. All of the carbon black, if used, is then added and the contents of the mixer stirred until the base is smooth. Then from about %to about additional petro- Further, the oil may be a blend leum oil is added, and the contents of the mixer heated to a temperature of from about F. to about F. All of the caustic soda is then added, preferably in a 48 Baum solution, at a temperature of about 160 F. and the batch maintained at about 180 F. to 200 1''. until the base becomes thickened. All of the litharge is then added and the temperature raised slowly to about 500 F. and held within the range of 500 to 520 F. until the mixture is smooth. At this time the balance of the petroleum oil is added and the batch allowed to cool to a temperature of from about 300 F. to about 330 F. during the grading in process. As soon as the batch is uniform it is put into containers. Inpreparing lubricants or various consistencies, it is advantageous to first prepare a lubricant of the desired maximum soap content and then prepare softer grades by grading in the necessary additional petroleum oil.
The following formulae show the approximate proportions of ingredients employed in preparing three grades of a. lubricant made in accordance with the present invention. The heavy and medium grade lubricants are suitable as gear shield lubricants andthe' softer grade lubricant is a viscous semi-fluid lubricant adapted to lubricate cables, journals and roll necks operating at elevated temperatures;-
1 Baybolt Universal viscosity at no r. 5.000 seconds.
Lubricants prepared from the above formulae will have the following compositions on a weight percentage basis Heavy Medium sen Per cent Per cent Per cent mo 11.; 4.2 1.8 1.3 0. s as 1.9 0.1 0.0 4.5 1.1 a s a s 0. 2 14.: 80.5 92.7
I Saybolt Universal Viscosity at 100 F. 5,01!) seconds.
Greases of the foregoing type are smooth, stringy. and tacky but still suiiiciently fibrous to be pulled back to the face of the gear teeth after each revolution, do not lose consistency on working, and are highly resistant to hot water. The latter property is essential in the lubrication of many journals and roll necks which are water cooled,
While the present invention has been described and illustrated with respect to certain embodiments thereof, the same are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, except insofar as included in the accompanying claims.
I claim:
1. A lubricant containing a complex soap of lead and a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, 8. glyceroxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, a solubilizer selected from the group consisting of a metal soap of preferentially oil-soluble sulfonic acid and a metal soap of preferentially oihsoluble naphthenic acid and mineral oil.
13. A method of preparing a heat resistant and 2..A lubricant containing a complex soap of lead and a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, a glyceroxide of said metal, a solubilizer selected from the group consisting of a metal soap of preferentially oil-soluble sulfonic acid and a metal soap oi preferentially oil-soluble naphthenic acid, and mineral oil.
3. A lubricant as described in claim 2 in which the metal glyceroxide is sodium glyceroxide,
4. A lubricant as described in claim 2 in which the metal glyceroxide is potassium glyceroxide.
5. A lubricant as described in claim 2 in which the metal glyceroxide is calcium glyceroxide,
6. A lubricant as described in claim 2 in which the solubilizer is sodium mahogany soap.
'7. A lubricant containing a complex soap of lead and a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, a glyceroxide of said metal, a soap of preferentially oil-soluble petroleum sulfonic acids, mineral oil and carbon black.
8. A lubricant containing sodium lead soap of a fatty material containing fatty acids having more than eight carbon atoms in the molecule,
sodium glyceroxide, sodium mahogany soap, petroleum lubricating oil, and carbon black 9. A lubricant comprising the following approximate composition:
Per cent by weight Complex lead soap 1 to 50 Metal glyceroxide 0.1 to 6 Sodium mahogany soap 0.05 to Mineral oil 97.85 to 9 Filler 1 to Per cent by weight Complex lead soap 1.0 to 50.0 Metal glyceroxide 0.1 to 6.0 sodium mahogany soap 0.05 to 15.0 Carbon black 1.0 to 20.0 Free litharge and alkali 0.02 to 1.2 Mineral oil 97.83 to 7.8
water resistant lubricant containing the following ingredients:
Sodium mahogany soa comprising the steps, mixing all of the tallow. the sodium mahogany soap and the carbon black with a portion of the petroleum oil until the base is smooth; heating the mixture to a temperature of from about 160 F. to about 180 F. and adding all of the caustic soda in a 48 Baum solution; stirring the mixture at a temperature of from 180 F. to about 200 F. until the base becomes thickened; adding all of the litharge to the mixture, and increasing the temperature to about 500 F. to 520 F.; stirring the mixture at the last named temperature until the mixture is smooth, and subsequently grading in the additional petroleum oil at a temperature of from about 300 F.
' to about 330 F.
14. A method of preparing a heat resistant and water resistant lubricant containing the following ingredients:
Tallow Sodium mahogany soap Dry caustic soda Petroleum oil Litharge comprising the steps, mixing all of the tallow and the sodium mahogany soap with a portion of the petroleum oil until the base is smooth; heating the same to a temperature of from about 160 F. to about 180 F. and adding all of the caustic soda in a 48 Baum solution; stirring the mixture at a temperature of from 180 F. to about 200 F.
said complex lead soap being the soap 0! lead and i a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals and said metal glyceroxide being the glyceroxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.
11. A lubricant containing the following approximate composition:
1 Per cent by weight Sodium lead tallow soap 1.0 to 50.0 Sodium glyceroxide 0.1 to 6.0 Sodium mahogany soap 0.05 to 15.0 Carbon black 1.0 to 20.0 Mineral oil 97.85 to 9.0
12. A lubricant containing the following approximate compositio Litharge and tree sodium hydroxide- Oil (ill until the base becomes thickened; adding all of the litharge to the mixture and increasing the temperature to about 500 F. to 520 F.; stirring the mixture at the last named temperature until the mixture is smooth, and subsequently grading in the additional petroleum oil at a temperature of from about 300 F. to about 330 F.
15. A method of preparing a heat resistant and water resistant lubricant containing the following ingredients:
Fatty material Dry caustic Litharge Preferentially oil-soluble metal sulfonate Petroleum oil mixture is smooth and subsequently grading in,
the additional petroleum oil at a'temperature oi from about 300 F. to about 330 F.
16. A lubricant containing a complex soap of lead and a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, 8. glyceroxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, and mineral oil.
REUBEN A. swENsoN.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US404895A US2349058A (en) | 1940-03-29 | 1941-07-31 | Lubricant and the method of preparing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US326785A US2295189A (en) | 1940-03-29 | 1940-03-29 | Soap and lubricant containing the same |
US404895A US2349058A (en) | 1940-03-29 | 1941-07-31 | Lubricant and the method of preparing the same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2349058A true US2349058A (en) | 1944-05-16 |
Family
ID=26985572
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US404895A Expired - Lifetime US2349058A (en) | 1940-03-29 | 1941-07-31 | Lubricant and the method of preparing the same |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2349058A (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2453153A (en) * | 1947-12-06 | 1948-11-09 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricating grease |
US2467147A (en) * | 1945-03-22 | 1949-04-12 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Low-temperature lubricant |
US2467145A (en) * | 1944-12-30 | 1949-04-12 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricant |
US2467148A (en) * | 1947-03-27 | 1949-04-12 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Oil insoluble lubricant |
US2467146A (en) * | 1944-12-30 | 1949-04-12 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricant |
US2477311A (en) * | 1946-11-29 | 1949-07-26 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricating grease compositions |
US2487260A (en) * | 1947-04-03 | 1949-11-08 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Extreme pressure lubricants |
US2487261A (en) * | 1947-04-03 | 1949-11-08 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Low-temperature grease |
US2522460A (en) * | 1947-12-13 | 1950-09-12 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricating grease composition |
-
1941
- 1941-07-31 US US404895A patent/US2349058A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2467145A (en) * | 1944-12-30 | 1949-04-12 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricant |
US2467146A (en) * | 1944-12-30 | 1949-04-12 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricant |
US2467147A (en) * | 1945-03-22 | 1949-04-12 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Low-temperature lubricant |
US2477311A (en) * | 1946-11-29 | 1949-07-26 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricating grease compositions |
US2467148A (en) * | 1947-03-27 | 1949-04-12 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Oil insoluble lubricant |
US2487260A (en) * | 1947-04-03 | 1949-11-08 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Extreme pressure lubricants |
US2487261A (en) * | 1947-04-03 | 1949-11-08 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Low-temperature grease |
US2453153A (en) * | 1947-12-06 | 1948-11-09 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricating grease |
US2522460A (en) * | 1947-12-13 | 1950-09-12 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricating grease composition |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US2468099A (en) | High-temperature grease | |
GB537615A (en) | Improved grease composition and method for making the same | |
US2349058A (en) | Lubricant and the method of preparing the same | |
US2179061A (en) | Manufacture of lubricating compositions | |
US2332247A (en) | Lubricant | |
US2198567A (en) | Driving journal lubricant | |
US2352811A (en) | Lubricant | |
US2360631A (en) | Lubricant | |
US2295189A (en) | Soap and lubricant containing the same | |
US2503749A (en) | Barium soap grease compositions and method of preparation | |
US2353830A (en) | Air pump lubricant | |
US2229368A (en) | Grease and the method of preparing the same | |
US2629692A (en) | Grease | |
US2292672A (en) | Lubricant | |
US2211921A (en) | Gear lubricant and method of making it | |
US2038688A (en) | Solid lubricant | |
US1817599A (en) | Emulsifiable lubricant | |
US2312725A (en) | Grease and manufacture thereof | |
US2721844A (en) | Lithium soap-synthetic base instrument grease | |
US2055795A (en) | Lubricant | |
US2058237A (en) | Lubricant | |
US2038689A (en) | Solid lubricant | |
US2620301A (en) | Grease compositions | |
US2109779A (en) | Pressure bearing lubricating oil | |
US2005553A (en) | Solid lubricating compound |