US2038689A - Solid lubricant - Google Patents

Solid lubricant Download PDF

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Publication number
US2038689A
US2038689A US679711A US67971133A US2038689A US 2038689 A US2038689 A US 2038689A US 679711 A US679711 A US 679711A US 67971133 A US67971133 A US 67971133A US 2038689 A US2038689 A US 2038689A
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United States
Prior art keywords
soap
lubricating
percent
animal fat
oil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US679711A
Inventor
Gavin R Taylor
Richard N Smith
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MCCOLL FRONTENAC OIL CO Ltd
MCCOLL-FRONTENAC OIL Co Ltd
Original Assignee
MCCOLL FRONTENAC OIL CO Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MCCOLL FRONTENAC OIL CO Ltd filed Critical MCCOLL FRONTENAC OIL CO Ltd
Priority to US679711A priority Critical patent/US2038689A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2038689A publication Critical patent/US2038689A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M5/00—Solid or semi-solid compositions containing as the essential lubricating ingredient mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/063—Peroxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/06—Groups 3 or 13
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/02—Bearings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy

Definitions

  • Patented A i. 2a, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE SOLID LUBRICANT Gavin R. Taylor, Montreal West, Quebec, and Richard N. Smith, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
  • This invention relates to improvements in solid lubricants used for the lubrication of locomotive driving journals and other bearings operating at high speeds and high temperatures.
  • dehydrated lubricating compounds comprising mixtures of sodium soaps and viscous hydrocarbon oils in substantially equal proportions and having a water content less than one percent have been widely adopted. -Due to their high melting points and low water content such compounds give better results than the cold made greases previously used for the same purpose.
  • Dehydrated lubricating compounds are usually applied in cake form to driving journals through a perforated screen or retaining plate which is in contact with the journal, the grease and the plate being forced upwardly towards the journal by suitable pressure applying means. It frequently happens that the grease, instead of feeda ing through the retaining plate in the desired manner, tends to feed part of the 'oil content of the surface layer of grease to the bearing under the influence of the heat generated.
  • the grease below the perforated plate finally develops a layer which turns black in color and consists largely of partly carbonized sodium soap containing less than its normal proportion of lubricating oil. This is known as carbonization of the grease and since grease in this condition does not furnish sufiicient lubricant to the bearing, frequent inspection is necessary to prevent continued operation of the bearings under conditions of inadequate lubrication with resultant damage to the bearings.
  • the present invention provides an improved dehydrated lubricating compound which is less subject to the condition described above owing to improved retention of the lubricating oil by the soap, especially at high temperatures. This result is largely accomplished by the use of a mix ture of soaps and by the substitution of naphthenic lubricating oil for the' parafiin base or mixed cylinder stock which is generally used in driv ing journal compounds of the, dehydrated type.
  • the most satisfactory lubricants produced in accordance with this invention usually contain from 30 to 45 percent sodium soap; from 3 to 15 percent lime soap; and/or 3 to 15 percent of aluminium soap with less than 1 percent Water and from 0 to 5 percent glycerine; the balance of the compound being the oil which is preferably viscous naphthenic lubricating oil.
  • the resulting product in the cool state, comprises a. solid having a consistency closely approaching that of hard soap and a tough fibrous structure.
  • viscosity index is widely used by the industry to classify oils from varying crude oil sources by means of their viscosity characteristics-and the particular method which we have used for determining the viscosity index of the oils used in accordance with our invention is that described by Dean and Davis Chem. and Met. Engineering 36,618 (1929) and by Davis and McAllister in Industrialand Engineering Chemistry 22,1326 (1930).
  • a solid dehydrated lubricating compound for Y locomotive driving journals comprising from 30 to 45% sodium soap; from 3 to 15% calcium soap; from 3 to 15% aluminium soap; less than 1% water; and from 1 to 5% glycerine, the balance of the compound being constituted by highly viscous naphthenic oil characterized by a viscosity index of from zero to thirty.
  • a solid dehydrated lubricating compound for locomotive driving journals having approximately the following analysis:
  • a solid dehydrated lubricating compound for locomotive driving journals having approximately the following analysis:

Description

Patented A i. 2a, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE SOLID LUBRICANT Gavin R. Taylor, Montreal West, Quebec, and Richard N. Smith, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
' assignors to McColl-Frontenac Oil Co. Limited,
Montreal, Quebec, Canada i No Drawing. Application July 10, 1933, Serial No. 679,711
3 Claims.
This invention relates to improvements in solid lubricants used for the lubrication of locomotive driving journals and other bearings operating at high speeds and high temperatures. For this service dehydrated lubricating compounds comprising mixtures of sodium soaps and viscous hydrocarbon oils in substantially equal proportions and having a water content less than one percent have been widely adopted. -Due to their high melting points and low water content such compounds give better results than the cold made greases previously used for the same purpose.
Dehydrated lubricating compounds are usually applied in cake form to driving journals through a perforated screen or retaining plate which is in contact with the journal, the grease and the plate being forced upwardly towards the journal by suitable pressure applying means. It frequently happens that the grease, instead of feeda ing through the retaining plate in the desired manner, tends to feed part of the 'oil content of the surface layer of grease to the bearing under the influence of the heat generated. The grease below the perforated plate finally develops a layer which turns black in color and consists largely of partly carbonized sodium soap containing less than its normal proportion of lubricating oil. This is known as carbonization of the grease and since grease in this condition does not furnish sufiicient lubricant to the bearing, frequent inspection is necessary to prevent continued operation of the bearings under conditions of inadequate lubrication with resultant damage to the bearings.
The present invention provides an improved dehydrated lubricating compound which is less subject to the condition described above owing to improved retention of the lubricating oil by the soap, especially at high temperatures. This result is largely accomplished by the use of a mix ture of soaps and by the substitution of naphthenic lubricating oil for the' parafiin base or mixed cylinder stock which is generally used in driv ing journal compounds of the, dehydrated type. The most satisfactory lubricants produced in accordance with this invention usually contain from 30 to 45 percent sodium soap; from 3 to 15 percent lime soap; and/or 3 to 15 percent of aluminium soap with less than 1 percent Water and from 0 to 5 percent glycerine; the balance of the compound being the oil which is preferably viscous naphthenic lubricating oil.
In the practice of this invention dehydrated lubricating compounds of improved lubricating and oil retaining properties 1...... been successfully produced in accordance with the following formula:-
liercent Animal fat 43.5 Viscous naphthenic lubricating oil 43.0 Caustic soda 5.7 Calcium hydrate 0.8 Water 7.0
mixture is then heated to approximately 400 F. 7
and brought to the condition of a fibrous paste suitable for drawing from the kettle. The resulting product, in the cool state, comprises a. solid having a consistency closely approaching that of hard soap and a tough fibrous structure. The analysis of the finished product as produced from the formula and by the method herein described is substantially as follows:-
Percent Sodium soap of animal fat 41.5 Calcium soap of animal fat 7.0 Viscous naphthenic lubricating oil 47.0 Glycerine 3.5 Free alkali ,5 Water r .5
For some purposes we have found it desirable to include a small quantity of aluminium soap in the finished product. The following is a typical formula which we have used in this connection:-
Percent Animal fat 39.4 Aluminium soap l. 4.7 Viscous naphthenic lubricating oil 43.0 Caustic soda 5.3 Calcium hydrate .6 Water 7.0
The method of compounding the above ingreclients is the same as that previously described naphthenic and the finished product has approximately the following analysis:-
Percent Sodium soap of animal fat 38.5 Calcium soap of animal fat 5.0 Aluminium soap 5.0 Viscous naphthenic lubricating oil 47.0 Glycerine 3.5 Free alkali .5
Water crude oils produced along the gulf coast of Texas, .U. S. A. Such lubricating oils are characterized by a high viscosity at 100 F. for the same vis-' cosity at 210 F. when compared with paraflinic lubricants. It is also important to note that whereas the lubricating oils previously used in the manufacture of dehydrated driving journal lubricants have a viscosity index varying from fifty to one hundred the viscous naphthenic lubricating oils which are preferably used in accordance with our invention have a viscosity indexof from zero (0) to thirty (30). The term viscosity index" is widely used by the industry to classify oils from varying crude oil sources by means of their viscosity characteristics-and the particular method which we have used for determining the viscosity index of the oils used in accordance with our invention is that described by Dean and Davis Chem. and Met. Engineering 36,618 (1929) and by Davis and McAllister in Industrialand Engineering Chemistry 22,1326 (1930).
Having thus described what we now consider to be the preferred embodiments of our invention it will be understood that some slight changes in the proportions of the ingredients and the method of compounding same may be resorted to within the scope and spirit of the appended. claims.
Having thus described our invention, what we claim -is:-
1. A solid dehydrated lubricating compound for Y locomotive driving journals comprising from 30 to 45% sodium soap; from 3 to 15% calcium soap; from 3 to 15% aluminium soap; less than 1% water; and from 1 to 5% glycerine, the balance of the compound being constituted by highly viscous naphthenic oil characterized by a viscosity index of from zero to thirty.
2. A solid dehydrated lubricating compound for locomotive driving journals having approximately the following analysis:
Percent Sodium soap of animal fat 41. 5 Calcium so'ap of animal fat 7.0 Highly viscous naphthenic lubricating oil 47.0 Glycerine 3. 5 Free alkali 5 Water .5
3. A solid dehydrated lubricating compound for locomotive driving journals having approximately the following analysis:
. Percent Sodium soap of animal fat 38.5 Calcium soap of animal fat 5.0 Aluminium soap 5, 0
Highly viscous naphthenic lubricating oil- 47.0
Glycerine 3. 5 Free alkali 5 5 Water GAVIN R. TAYLOR. RICHARD N. SMITH.
US679711A 1933-07-10 1933-07-10 Solid lubricant Expired - Lifetime US2038689A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2490949A (en) * 1947-10-16 1949-12-13 Lorenzo Joseph P De Pipe-joint compound
US2755248A (en) * 1951-10-16 1956-07-17 Pure Oil Co Alkaline earth metal base greases and their preparation
US2915468A (en) * 1955-01-10 1959-12-01 Sinclair Refining Co Mixed base sodium calcium grease manufacture

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2490949A (en) * 1947-10-16 1949-12-13 Lorenzo Joseph P De Pipe-joint compound
US2755248A (en) * 1951-10-16 1956-07-17 Pure Oil Co Alkaline earth metal base greases and their preparation
US2915468A (en) * 1955-01-10 1959-12-01 Sinclair Refining Co Mixed base sodium calcium grease manufacture

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