US2339323A - Treatment of synthetic textile fibers - Google Patents

Treatment of synthetic textile fibers Download PDF

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Publication number
US2339323A
US2339323A US269446A US26944639A US2339323A US 2339323 A US2339323 A US 2339323A US 269446 A US269446 A US 269446A US 26944639 A US26944639 A US 26944639A US 2339323 A US2339323 A US 2339323A
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United States
Prior art keywords
yarn
stretched
setting
vinyl
elongation
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US269446A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jr Theophilus A Feild
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corp
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Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corp filed Critical Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corp
Priority to US269446A priority Critical patent/US2339323A/en
Priority to GB4914/40A priority patent/GB538813A/en
Priority to FR864882D priority patent/FR864882A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2339323A publication Critical patent/US2339323A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • D02J1/229—Relaxing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the art of treating artificial textile flbers, and it is particularly directed to the processing of fibers and yarnsmade from vinyl resins, continuously and on a commercial scale.
  • the invention is especially directed to the processing of filaments made from the vinyl ester resins which may result from the conjoint polymerization of vinyl halides with vinyl esters of aliphatic acids, preferably containing between about 70% and about 95% by weight of the vinyl halide in the polymer and having high. average macromolecular weights, preferably in excess of 15,000.
  • Molecular weights referred to herein are those calculated by means of Staudinger's formula from viscosity determinations of solutions of the resins.
  • Those resins are especially preferred which are made by the conjoint polymerization of vinyl chloride with vinyl acetate.
  • the setting treatment may comprise a ing the yarn for a period or time under tension or subjecting it to elevated temperatures below its softening point (that is, the highest temperature to which the yarn may be subjected without altering its filamentary character) either dry or-submerged in a liquid medium which will not attack or alter the yarn.
  • the setting or stabilizing, treatment has been accomplished by immersing the stretched yarn in a heated water bath while under tension on the bobbins.
  • Thi bobbin set-
  • the yarn quite still on the inside portion of the yarn cake and relatively soft on the outside. Since the setting treatment, which is for the l purpose of reducing the shrinkage of the stretched filaments by relieving internal strains, also produces changes in the tenacity and elongation characteri tics of the yarn, it is important that the setting operation should not uniformly upon all of the yarn in process and also be amenable to close control.
  • This invention provides a methodof setting the yarn continuously as it is, wound from one ture at which the setting takes bobbin t another, and at thesame time flexing the ya to give it a uniformly soft feel.
  • the yarn so processed is characterized by its very uniform tenacity, elongation and lustre because this method of setting and flexing the yarn continuously as it comes from the stretching machine, or from bobbins wound under tension, permits of very close control both of the temperaplace and of the exposure of the yarn thereto.
  • the process of this invention generally comprises transferring the yarn from a supply spool by continuously passing the yarn around a large friction roll positively driven to hold the yarn under sufllcicnt tensionto maintain the required degree of stretch, then flexing the yarn into a curve of small radius, as by passing it around one or more small diameter idler rollers, then carrying the yarn back to the friction roll, usually making several laps between the friction roll and the idler rolls, and finally onto a take-up ting" method has the disadvantage that it leaves 66 spool.
  • This assembly of rollers is maintained in a fluid medium at a predetermined, constant, elevated temperature to set the stretched yarn.
  • the heating medium may be a heated gas or vapor, the more practicable method is to submerge the rollers, at least partially, in a heated liquid bath, such as water.
  • the small diameter rollers flex the yarn as it passes over them.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a typical method of practicing the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a chart showing typical characteristics obtainable in yarn made from fibers of the. vinyl resins described when treated in accordance with the invention.
  • the stretched but otherwise untreated yarn in may be supplied directly from the stretching apparatus, or, as shown. wound on a bobbin II.
  • the bobbin II is (rictionally driven by means of a feed roller I: so that the yarn is metered oil at a constant rate. From the bobbin II the yarn it passes to and around a roller l3 and around the flexing roller.
  • roller l3 which is preferably also positively driven at the same peripheral speed as rollers l2 and I0, is partly submerged in a liquid medium, such as water, in a tank l8 which is maintained at the desired setting temperature.
  • the setting temperature In the continuous process of setting and simultaneously flexing the stretched yarn, as described above, it is necessary to correlate the setting temperature with the time of exposure thereto and the percentage stretch of the yarn resulting from the stretching operation; in order to obtain a yarn having the greatest strength, resiliency and elasticity.
  • the effect of the setting treatment may be considered as the relieving of the strains set up in the yarn during the stretching operation sufliciently to prevent the thread from shrinking at room temperature and restrict shrinkage at higher temperatures. Relieving the strains by heat to produce uniform shrinkage characteristics also results in an alteration of the'tenacity and elongation characteristics of the yarn. The. tenacity and shrinkage characteristics vary directly with each other,
  • Strength (tenacity) and elongation characteristics of the finished yarn were determined by the conventional manner. The test for yarn in water at65" C. for 30 minutes and measuring the resulting change in length. The elongation percent, and the tenacity in grams per denier, for various periods of exposure in the setting treatment.- The stretch was maintained during setting as described with reference to the apparatus shown diagrammatically in Fig. 1.
  • the dotted. curves indicate the tenacity, elongation and shrinkage characteristics, and are designed by the letters T, E and S, respectively. Along with these letters, on each curve, are given both the temperature of setting in degrees centigrade and the percent to which the yarn was stretched prior to the setting treatment.
  • the shrinkage curve for the yarn stretched 140.5% and set at 90 C. is omitted, because it very nearly coincides with the shrinkage curve for the yarn stretched 186% and set at 93C.
  • the denier and number of filaments of the yarn being processed has some effect upon the results when employing a liquid setting bath.
  • the fine denier yarns are slower and more difiicult to set than the larger sizes. This may be due to the fact that different yarn sizes carry Y different amounts of hot water from the setting
  • the tenacity and shrinkage become more or less constant with each setting temperature, as the time of exposure of the yarn is increased.
  • the elongation characteristics of the yarn increase more or less steadily as the time of exposure to the settin temperature is prolonged.
  • 'At higher temperatures of setting, or stabilizing, with longer periods of exposure the yarn beco'mesmore lustrous and stiffer.
  • Increasing the temperature at which the yarn is stretched generally permits a reduction in the amount of setting," or stabilizing, that is needed. Suitable control of these factors permits the production of yarn with practically any desired finish.
  • Fig. 2 is a chart indicating the results obtainable under different conditions of stretching and setting with a typical vinyl resin yarn spun from a conjoint polymer of vinyl chloride with vinyl acetate, having about 87% vinyl chloride in the polymer and a macromolecular weight in excess of 15,000.
  • the' test yarn was composed of 240 filaments, one deier each, which was twisted 9.5 turns per inch. One part of this yarn was then stretched 140.5% andanother part was stretched 186%, while at a temperature between 93 and 94C. Samples of each of these two lots of yarn were then flexed bath, the lighter yarns carrying less, with a resultant loss in effective exposure to the setting temperature.
  • Fig. 2 indicate the tenacity, elongation and shrinkage characteristics of yarn of the same composition as that employed in determining the dotted curves, but of 240 and filaments, both stretched 186 and set at a temperature of 85 0.
  • the tenacity, elongation I and shrinkage curves are indicated by the letters u 93-E-186% yarn stretched 186% and set T, E and S, respectively, and the number accompanying the letter on each curve represents the number of one denierfilaments composing the yarn.
  • the curves of Fig. 2 may be tabulated as fol ows:
  • the yarn, thread, or filaments, of vinyl resin must be stretched and set .in the absence of a' solvent in order to impart a substantial increase in strength, and, or course,-if thesetting medium is a liquid, it must be one which willnot appreciably attack or swell the yarns or individual fibers or soften them by impregnation. If it is desired to set the fibers at temperatures above 100 0., other liquids, such as mineral oil and the various glycols, may be used in place of water, and if the setting treatment is conducted by using a heating medium in-the vapor phase, low pressure steam is particularly applicable.
  • the process of this invention is particularly applicable to the treatment of fibers and yarns spun from vinyl resins made by the conjoint polymerization of a vinyl halide with a vinyl ester of an aliphatic acidf'and containing, preferably, between 70% and 95% of vlnvl'halide in the polymer
  • the invention is also applicable to the treatment of filaments and yarns made irom other water-insoluble vinyl resins having high average macromolecular weight, preferably in excess of about 15,000.
  • Method for simultaneously setting and flexing stretched yarnmade from water-insoluble vinyl resins which comprises passing the prestretched yarn continuously, while under tension to maintain the stretch therein, over supports within a heated zone so that the yarn is caused to change direction of travel abruptly one or more times and at the same time is heated to a temperature below its softening point for a period of time sufilcient toset the stretch in the yarn so that the yarn does not appreciably contract lustre throughout.
  • Method for simultaneously setting and flexing stretched yarn made from vinyl resins having average macromolecular weights of at least about 15,000 which comprises passing the yarn con the stretch in the yarn so that the yarn does not .Dpreciabiy contract upon release of the tension, and to provide a soft yarn of uniform, texture, tenacity, elongation and lustre throughout.
  • Method for increasing the elongation characteristics of stretched yarn made from vinyl resins having average macromolecular weights of at least about 15,000 which comprises passing the yarn continuously, under tension, oversupports in contact with a heated inert-liquid medium so that the' yarn is caused to change direction of travel abruptly one or more times and at the same time is heated to a temperature below its softening point for a brief period of time sufficient tout the stretch in the yarn so that the yarn does not appreciably contract upon release of the tension, and to provide a soft yarn of uniform texture, tenacity, elongation and lustre throughout.
  • Method for increasing the elongation characteristics of stretched yarn spun from vinyl resins having average macromolecular weights of at least 15,000, made by the conjoint polymerization of vinyl chloride with vinyl acetate, and containing between about 70% and about 95% by weight of vinyl chloride in the polymer which comprises passing the yarn continuously, under tension, over rollers in contact with a heated inert liquid so that the yarn is caused to change direction of travel abruptly one or more times and at the same time is heated to a temperature below its softening point for a brief period of time sufficient to set the stretch in the yarn so that the yarn does not appreciably contract upon release of the tension, and to provide a soft yarn of uniform texture, tenacity, elongation and lustre throughout.
  • improvement comprising the steps of setting such a pre-stretched yarn by passing said yarn conlow the softening point of the yarn, to briefly expose said yarn to heat in said zone, and simultaneously flexing such set yarn, thereby producing a continuous yarn having substantially uniform texture, tenacity,
  • a continuous method of simultaneously setting and flexing pre-stretched yarn made from water-insoluble vinyl resins which comprises passing successive portions of such stretched yarn through a heating zone maintained at a selected elevated temperature, and briefly exposing such yarn while in said zone to a temperature somewhat below its softening point while concurlustre and elongation rently flexing said yarn, thereby stabilizing the tenacity, shrinkage and elongation characteristics of such yarn, and improving the texture and lustre of the yarn.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
US269446A 1939-04-22 1939-04-22 Treatment of synthetic textile fibers Expired - Lifetime US2339323A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US269446A US2339323A (en) 1939-04-22 1939-04-22 Treatment of synthetic textile fibers
GB4914/40A GB538813A (en) 1939-04-22 1940-03-16 Improvement in treatment of synthetic textile yarns or threads
FR864882D FR864882A (fr) 1939-04-22 1940-04-04 Procédé de traitement des fibres textiles synthétiques

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US269446A US2339323A (en) 1939-04-22 1939-04-22 Treatment of synthetic textile fibers

Publications (1)

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US2339323A true US2339323A (en) 1944-01-18

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US269446A Expired - Lifetime US2339323A (en) 1939-04-22 1939-04-22 Treatment of synthetic textile fibers

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US (1) US2339323A (fr)
FR (1) FR864882A (fr)
GB (1) GB538813A (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2447140A (en) * 1943-04-10 1948-08-17 Johnson & Johnson Method of treating polyvinyl alcohol filaments and treated filament
US2453013A (en) * 1944-12-23 1948-11-02 Dunlop Tire & Rubber Corp Treatment of yarns or cords comprising cellulose filaments
US2499142A (en) * 1948-07-14 1950-02-28 Fair Lawn Finishing Company Heat setting of textile fabrics
US2499477A (en) * 1945-06-07 1950-03-07 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Vinyl resin textile article
US2509741A (en) * 1942-11-03 1950-05-30 Du Pont Production of filamentous structures
US2921358A (en) * 1956-01-26 1960-01-19 Deering Milliken Res Corp Apparatus for producing elasticized thermoplastic yarns
US2932901A (en) * 1960-04-19 Burner i
US3116197A (en) * 1956-08-31 1963-12-31 Du Pont Nubbed filament and dyed fabric of same
DE9110564U1 (de) * 1991-08-27 1991-12-05 Hacoba Textilmaschinen Gmbh & Co Kg, 5600 Wuppertal Rollenbremse für Textilfäden

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1082219B (de) * 1952-04-25 1960-05-25 Maurice Marie Stephane Joly Verfahren zum Heissbehandeln eines Gewebes aus Faeden auf Polyvinylbasis

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2932901A (en) * 1960-04-19 Burner i
US2509741A (en) * 1942-11-03 1950-05-30 Du Pont Production of filamentous structures
US2447140A (en) * 1943-04-10 1948-08-17 Johnson & Johnson Method of treating polyvinyl alcohol filaments and treated filament
US2453013A (en) * 1944-12-23 1948-11-02 Dunlop Tire & Rubber Corp Treatment of yarns or cords comprising cellulose filaments
US2499477A (en) * 1945-06-07 1950-03-07 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Vinyl resin textile article
US2499142A (en) * 1948-07-14 1950-02-28 Fair Lawn Finishing Company Heat setting of textile fabrics
US2921358A (en) * 1956-01-26 1960-01-19 Deering Milliken Res Corp Apparatus for producing elasticized thermoplastic yarns
US3116197A (en) * 1956-08-31 1963-12-31 Du Pont Nubbed filament and dyed fabric of same
DE9110564U1 (de) * 1991-08-27 1991-12-05 Hacoba Textilmaschinen Gmbh & Co Kg, 5600 Wuppertal Rollenbremse für Textilfäden

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB538813A (en) 1941-08-18
FR864882A (fr) 1941-05-07

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