US2322159A - Analytical furnace - Google Patents
Analytical furnace Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2322159A US2322159A US412806A US41280641A US2322159A US 2322159 A US2322159 A US 2322159A US 412806 A US412806 A US 412806A US 41280641 A US41280641 A US 41280641A US 2322159 A US2322159 A US 2322159A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- reflector
- tube
- furnace
- reflecting surface
- tubular element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000639 Spring steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/12—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using combustion
Definitions
- This invention relates to analyticalfurnaces and has for its object to provide, in such furnaces, improved means for protecting the organic closure (such as a rubber stopper) which is used to close the end of the specimen receiving tube.
- improved means for protecting the organic closure such as a rubber stopper
- a further object is to provide such protecting means making use of a reflector for the purpose of preventing heat from reaching such organic closure to an extent to destroy the same.
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic section taken longitudinally through a furnace embodying the invention
- Fig. 2 is an enlarged, detail, longitudinal section taken through the reflector unit which, and the combination of which, with the other parts of the furnace constitute the novel features of this invention
- Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section taken through the reflector unit at right angles to the view of Fig. 2
- Fig. 4 is an end View of the furnace looking from left to right in Fig. 1
- Fig. 5 is a fragmentary view completing Fig. 1.
- the numeral Ii! indicates a cylindrical, refractory furnace Wall and I I and I2 indicate complementary end walls. Passing through the walls l0, II and I2 is a tube I3, which may be of quartz, and which is adapted to receive the sample. Surrounding the tube I3 is an electrical resistance heating element which it will be understood is connected to a suitable current source.
- a rubber stopper I5 Received in the left hand end of the tube I3 is a rubber stopper I5 through which extends the tubular portion I'I of the reflector element I6.
- a reflector support I8 is received Within and attached to the tubular element II as by spot Welding at the ends of the element II. Attached to the free end of the reflector support I8 is a reflector element I9 presenting a concave reflecting surface toward the center of the furnace.
- 'I'he reflector element I9 may be composed of metal, as iron or steel and may have a brilliant surface such as resulting from plating with copper, then nickel and then chromium.
- the reilector support I8 may be composed of sheet metal, as iron or steel.
- Various metals are suitable, e. g., copper, brass, iron, steel, etc., for making the reflector unit or parts thereof.
- a high melting point metal is desirable, soft steel plated as above indicated being preferable for all parts of the reflector unit.
- Metal construction is much to be preferred over glass, clay or the like materials as being less subject to breakage.
- the mirror may rhave a reflecting surface of part spherical shape, or of a shape which is flatter than spherical centrally and curved more sharply than spherical near the edges, the depth of the concavity, however, being preferably small as compared to the diameter of the reflecting surface.
- the maximum depth of the concavity of the reflecting surface may be from 5% to 15% of the diameter of the reflecting surface.
- the diameter of the reflector I9 should nearly but not quite equal the diameter of the tube I3.
- the furnace illustrated will form a part of a train of chemical apparatus, a rubber tube being attached to the element I'I at one end and to the reduced portion of the tube I3 on the other end.
- the sample to be tested e. g., a piece of carbon steel
- Oxygen will be admitted through the element II, will pass over the heated sample in the tube I3 oxidizing the sample to iron oxide and CO2.
- the CO2 will pass out and be absorbed in a suitable medium. From the gain in weight of the said medium the percentage of carbon in the steel can be determined.
- the tube I3 must be open for insertion of the sample and it must be possible to close it for the determination. Rubber Stoppers are most convenient for this purpose. But, if the rubber stopper gets too hot, it will oxidize and form CO2 thus interfering with the determination and giving inaccurate results.
- Clay tubes with enlarged ends have been used in the relation in which we use our reflector units I6, but these have proved unsatisfactory since they are readily breakable, do not reflect radiant heat to a great degree, are expensive and not durable.
- a seal for the open end of said tube composed of organic material, a tubular element extending through said seal, a metallic reflector support attached to said tubular element and a reflector carried by said reflector support and presenting a reliecting surface toward the end of said refractory tube remote from said seal.
- a tubular element a flexible metallic reflector support secured to the inside of said tubular element, having a cross-section small as compared with the lumen of said tubular element and extending longitudinally thereof and projecting beyond one end thereof, a reflector secured to said tubular element and having a reflecting surface extending transversely to the axis of said tubular element and adapted to reflect radiant heat away from said tubular element.
- a metallic tube an elongated, flexible, flat metallic reflector support secured to the inside of said metallic tube, being small in cross-section as compared to the lumen of said tube and projecting beyond one end of said metallic tube in the general direction of the axis thereof, a reflector carried by said reflector support and presenting a concave reflecting surface extending transversely to the axis of said metallic tube and facing away from said metallic tube.
- a reflector assembly associated with a furnace tube and organic closure therefor comprising a tubular element extending through said organic closure and forming a conduit for passage of gas, an elongated metal element secured to said tubular member and carrying a reflector having a reflecting surface facing away from said organic closure and being of a size to obstruct most of the lumen of the furnace tube but leaving sufiicient space to permit easy insertion and to permit gas to flow through the furnace tube.
Description
Patented June 15, 1943 ANALYTICAL FURNACE Edward T. Saxer, Brecksville, and Robert E. Minto, Cleveland, Ohio .Application September 29, 1941, Serial No. 412,806k
7 Claims.
This invention relates to analyticalfurnaces and has for its object to provide, in such furnaces, improved means for protecting the organic closure (such as a rubber stopper) which is used to close the end of the specimen receiving tube.
A further object is to provide such protecting means making use of a reflector for the purpose of preventing heat from reaching such organic closure to an extent to destroy the same.
Other and more limited objects will appear from the following description and the accompanying drawing in which Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic section taken longitudinally through a furnace embodying the invention; Fig. 2 is an enlarged, detail, longitudinal section taken through the reflector unit which, and the combination of which, with the other parts of the furnace constitute the novel features of this invention; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section taken through the reflector unit at right angles to the view of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is an end View of the furnace looking from left to right in Fig. 1; and Fig. 5 is a fragmentary view completing Fig. 1.
In the drawing, the numeral Ii! indicates a cylindrical, refractory furnace Wall and I I and I2 indicate complementary end walls. Passing through the walls l0, II and I2 is a tube I3, which may be of quartz, and which is adapted to receive the sample. Surrounding the tube I3 is an electrical resistance heating element which it will be understood is connected to a suitable current source.
Received in the left hand end of the tube I3 is a rubber stopper I5 through which extends the tubular portion I'I of the reflector element I6. A reflector support I8 is received Within and attached to the tubular element II as by spot Welding at the ends of the element II. Attached to the free end of the reflector support I8 is a reflector element I9 presenting a concave reflecting surface toward the center of the furnace. 'I'he reflector element I9 may be composed of metal, as iron or steel and may have a brilliant surface such as resulting from plating with copper, then nickel and then chromium. The reilector support I8 may be composed of sheet metal, as iron or steel. It should be either resilient (spring steel) or easily deformable (soft iron) or of intermediate properties. Various metals are suitable, e. g., copper, brass, iron, steel, etc., for making the reflector unit or parts thereof. A high melting point metal is desirable, soft steel plated as above indicated being preferable for all parts of the reflector unit.
Metal construction is much to be preferred over glass, clay or the like materials as being less subject to breakage.
The mirror may rhave a reflecting surface of part spherical shape, or of a shape which is flatter than spherical centrally and curved more sharply than spherical near the edges, the depth of the concavity, however, being preferably small as compared to the diameter of the reflecting surface. Suitably, the maximum depth of the concavity of the reflecting surface may be from 5% to 15% of the diameter of the reflecting surface.
The diameter of the reflector I9 should nearly but not quite equal the diameter of the tube I3.
It should be understood that in use, the furnace illustrated will form a part of a train of chemical apparatus, a rubber tube being attached to the element I'I at one end and to the reduced portion of the tube I3 on the other end. The sample to be tested, e. g., a piece of carbon steel, will be placed centrally of the tube I3. Oxygen will be admitted through the element II, will pass over the heated sample in the tube I3 oxidizing the sample to iron oxide and CO2. The CO2 will pass out and be absorbed in a suitable medium. From the gain in weight of the said medium the percentage of carbon in the steel can be determined.
Obviously, the tube I3 must be open for insertion of the sample and it must be possible to close it for the determination. Rubber Stoppers are most convenient for this purpose. But, if the rubber stopper gets too hot, it will oxidize and form CO2 thus interfering with the determination and giving inaccurate results.
Clay tubes with enlarged ends have been used in the relation in which we use our reflector units I6, but these have proved unsatisfactory since they are readily breakable, do not reflect radiant heat to a great degree, are expensive and not durable.
While we have shown and described the present embodiment of our invention, it is to be understood that variations can be made and We, accordingly, do not wish to be limited to the illustrative embodiments but only in accordance with the appended claims.
We claim:
1. In an analytical furnace in combination with an open-ended refractory tube and heating means associated therewith and external thereto, a seal for the open end of said tube composed of organic material, a tubular element extending through said seal, a metallic reflector support attached to said tubular element and a reflector carried by said reflector support and presenting a reliecting surface toward the end of said refractory tube remote from said seal.
2. The invention as defined in claim 1, said reflector having a concave reflecting surface presented toward the end of said refractory tube remote from said seal.
3. In combination, a tubular element, a flexible metallic reflector support secured to the inside of said tubular element, having a cross-section small as compared with the lumen of said tubular element and extending longitudinally thereof and projecting beyond one end thereof, a reflector secured to said tubular element and having a reflecting surface extending transversely to the axis of said tubular element and adapted to reflect radiant heat away from said tubular element.
4. In combination, a metallic tube, an elongated, flexible, flat metallic reflector support secured to the inside of said metallic tube, being small in cross-section as compared to the lumen of said tube and projecting beyond one end of said metallic tube in the general direction of the axis thereof, a reflector carried by said reflector support and presenting a concave reflecting surface extending transversely to the axis of said metallic tube and facing away from said metallic tube.
5. A reflector assembly associated with a furnace tube and organic closure therefor, said reflector assembly comprising a tubular element extending through said organic closure and forming a conduit for passage of gas, an elongated metal element secured to said tubular member and carrying a reflector having a reflecting surface facing away from said organic closure and being of a size to obstruct most of the lumen of the furnace tube but leaving sufiicient space to permit easy insertion and to permit gas to flow through the furnace tube.
6. The invention as dened in claim 5, said reflector having a concave reflecting surface.
7. The invention as defined in claim 5, said elongated metal element, being secured to the inner surface of said tubular element.
EDWARD T. SAXER. ROBERT E. MINTO.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US412806A US2322159A (en) | 1941-09-29 | 1941-09-29 | Analytical furnace |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US412806A US2322159A (en) | 1941-09-29 | 1941-09-29 | Analytical furnace |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2322159A true US2322159A (en) | 1943-06-15 |
Family
ID=23634565
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US412806A Expired - Lifetime US2322159A (en) | 1941-09-29 | 1941-09-29 | Analytical furnace |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2322159A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2422129A (en) * | 1942-02-19 | 1947-06-10 | Leeds & Northrup Co | Measurement of oxygen in gas mixtures |
| US2490107A (en) * | 1946-02-04 | 1949-12-06 | Ohio Crankshaft Co | Hood and coil arrangement for induction furnaces |
| US3084031A (en) * | 1959-06-05 | 1963-04-02 | American Cyanamid Co | Apparatus for combustion analysis |
| US3406018A (en) * | 1964-12-03 | 1968-10-15 | Technicon Corp | Chemistry furnace |
| EP0145863A2 (en) * | 1983-09-29 | 1985-06-26 | Bühler Ag | Sample container for incineration tests |
-
1941
- 1941-09-29 US US412806A patent/US2322159A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2422129A (en) * | 1942-02-19 | 1947-06-10 | Leeds & Northrup Co | Measurement of oxygen in gas mixtures |
| US2490107A (en) * | 1946-02-04 | 1949-12-06 | Ohio Crankshaft Co | Hood and coil arrangement for induction furnaces |
| US3084031A (en) * | 1959-06-05 | 1963-04-02 | American Cyanamid Co | Apparatus for combustion analysis |
| US3406018A (en) * | 1964-12-03 | 1968-10-15 | Technicon Corp | Chemistry furnace |
| EP0145863A2 (en) * | 1983-09-29 | 1985-06-26 | Bühler Ag | Sample container for incineration tests |
| EP0145863A3 (en) * | 1983-09-29 | 1985-08-28 | Bühler Ag | Sample container for incineration tests |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US697181A (en) | Instrument for cooling or for warming internal portions of the human body. | |
| US2660061A (en) | Immersion type thermocouple temperature measuring device | |
| US2322159A (en) | Analytical furnace | |
| GB484199A (en) | Improvements in or relating to electric heating and cooking apparatus employing reflectors | |
| US3577886A (en) | Device for immersion in molten material to sample and/or measure temperature | |
| US2892976A (en) | Measuring cell | |
| US1609129A (en) | Microfurnace | |
| US2671123A (en) | Radiant heating furnace | |
| US2672493A (en) | Immersion thermocouple construction | |
| US926194A (en) | Automatic regulator for gas-stoves. | |
| US1584882A (en) | Thermoelectric pyrometer | |
| US2178487A (en) | Device for signaling the presence of illuminating gas in inhabited premises | |
| KR920017747A (en) | Refractory molded body | |
| US2769074A (en) | Pyristor-device for rapid measurement of high temperatures of fluids up to 4000 deg. | |
| US2465322A (en) | Target tube for radiation pyrometers | |
| US1125233A (en) | Radiation-pyrometer. | |
| GB564523A (en) | Improvements in gas-fired tubular heaters | |
| US3728886A (en) | Method of producing precision tapered tubes | |
| US1988849A (en) | Heat measuring construction | |
| EP0321689A2 (en) | Device for a thermometer or for a gas bubbling lance for liquid metals or the like, especially for aluminum | |
| US2362687A (en) | Analytical apparatus | |
| US756329A (en) | Heat-transmitting device. | |
| US3721431A (en) | Apparatus for annealing extremely fine wires with steam | |
| GB669975A (en) | Improvements in heaters for heating liquids in tanks, for heating ovens, and for like purposes | |
| US1291921A (en) | Tube manufacture. |