Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
  • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
  • C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M137/10—Thio derivatives
  • C10M137/105—Thio derivatives not containing metal
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/047—Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
  • C10N2040/16—Dielectric; Insulating oil or insulators
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
  • C10N2040/17—Electric or magnetic purposes for electric contacts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
  • C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy

Definitions

• This invention relates to an improvement in lubricating, insulating and similar oils. It particularly relates to the improvement of the stability of oils and prevents their decomposition, especially at elevated temperatures under the extreme oxidizing conditions existing in internal combustion engines, by the addition of oxidation inhibitors and sludge dispersers of the class of alkyl phosphites and aryl phosphites having the formula P('IR)a in which T represents sulphur, se lenium or tellurium and R represents an alkyl or an aryl radical.
• These compounds are of the class of alkyl and aryl phozphites containing a member of the sulphur family as, for example, trihexyl thiophosphlte, triamyl thiophosphite, tributyl thiophosphite, triamyl selenothiophosphite, trialkyl tel lurophosphite, triphenyl thiophosphite, tritolyl thiophhosphite. trinaphthyl thiophosphite, or a mixture thereof.
• the alkyl radical may contain substituted groups as, for instance, chlorine, or the aryl radical may be alkylated with an alkyl group, containing preferably 3 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, as for example triamyl phenyl thiophosphite and tributyl phenyl thiophosphite, or the aryl radical may contain other substituted groups.
• the preferred thiophosphite compounds are alkyl thiophosphites having from 3 to carbon atoms in the alkyl group, especially those having from 4 to 6 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and those alkyl thiophosphites which have boiling points above 125 C.
• thiophosphites may also contain mixed alkyl groups such as monoamyl di-butyl thiophosphites and di-amyl monohexyl thiophosphites.
• a mixed alkyl aryl compound may be used as, for example, monoamyl diphenyl thiophosphite.
• These compounds may be prepared by any of the well known methods.
• an alkyl mercaptan such as amyl mercaptan may be reacted with phosphorous acid in the presence of hydrocarbon solvents at a temperature of about 150 C. and a pressure of one atmosphere.
• the thiophosphites may be separated from the reaction mixture by simply distilling off the solvents under reduced pressure, if necessary.
• One suitable method of preparing the thiophosphites is given by the following example:
• a two-way flask was fitted with a dropping funnel and a return condenser.
• the flask was charged with 104 grams of amyl mercaptan and 230 cc. of ethylene iii-chloride, 4.0 grams of phosphorus trichloride was then slowly added through a dropping funnel, while refluxing the solution. The heating was continued for four hours at the end of which time the evolution of hydrochloric acid ceased.
• the solvent was removed by heating the reaction product at 100 C. under reduced pressure. Approximately to grams of the colorless amyl thiophosphite was recovered from the flask. This product was tested and gave a negative reaction to doctor solution, thus indicating that no free mercaptans were present.
• the thiophosphites may also be prepared without the use of a solvent and compounds such as pyridine may be added to the mixture to increase the speed of the action.
• the crude thiophosphites may be further purified in any desired manner as, for example, by solvent extraction or distillation.
• thiophosphites free from impurities, may be added to any type of mineral oil.
• the oil may be synthetic or a natural oil refined by any of the known methods as, for example, by acid,
• alkali or clay treating by solvent extraction, hydrogenation or destructive hydrogenation, or by a combination of any of the foregoing.
• the alkyl thiophosphites give particularly desirable results when added to a lubricating oil of predominantly paraflinic nature.
• the amount of the thiophosphite added may vary considerably with the character of the particular oil and may also vary depending upon the conditions under which the particular oil is to be subjected in operation. As little as 0.01% may be effective but it is preferred to use from 0.2% to 0.5% and as high as 5% may be used. As a general rule, it is found that 1% more or less gives satisfactory results. Other compounds may also groove milled out be included in the blend as, for instance. dyes, pour point depressors, oiliness agents, sludge dispersers and other ingredients.
• Triamyl thiophosphite was blended with a well refined mineral oil S.
• Cone test A method for determining the tendency of an oil to deposit sludge matter upon a heated metallic surface. It consists in slowly dropping the oil to be tested over a heated metal cone which is generally steel. The coneis a circumferential in a screw fashion on the periphery thereby allowing a time of contact of about one minute between the heated steel surface and the oil. A total volume of 60 cc. of oil is released from a dropping funnel over a period of two hours.
• the temperature of the cone may be any desired value but for lubricating oils it is preferred to use about 250 C. since it represents approximately the extreme temperature to which oils are ordinarily exposed in the internal combustion engine.
• the cone is washed with naphtha to completely remove the adhering 011 without disturbing the deposit left on the cone.
• the cone is then weighed and the increase in weight of the cone due to the deposit left thereon by the oil is expressed in milligrams.
• Lead tolerance This test is a measurement of the amount of lead oleate which may be added to a lubricant without causing it to assume definite corrosive properties when run on the Underwood corrosion testing apparatus. 7 The Underwood test is conducted as follows:
• 1500 cc. of the oil being treated is maintained at 325 F. and sprayed for hours against 2 each of copper-lead and cadmium-silver alloy bearings such as are used on automobile engines.
• the oil is circulated from a sump through a heating tube to a gear pump and thus by means of jets, maintained at a constant temperature on the 4 half bearings of cadmium-silver and copper-lead.
• the oil drippings from the bearings are recirculated.
• the bearings are weighed before and after the test to determine any loss in weight.
• the tests are then repeated with the addition of lead oleate in increments of 0.005% by weight (calculated as lead oxide).
• An improved lubricant for use in internal combustion engines comprising a refined hydrocarbon oil containing an eifective concentration below about 1% of an oxidation inhibitor effective in preventing decomposition of said oil at the elevated temperatures encountered in lubricating internal combustion engines, said oxidation inhibitor being a compound of the class of organic phosphites containing an element selected from the class consisting of sulfur, selenium and tellurium, said element being attached directly to the phosphorus and the organic group, the organic radicals of the said organic phosphites having 3 to 20 carbon atoms in each radical and being selected from the grou consisting of alkyl radicals and halogen substituted alkyl radicals.
• a lubricant according to claim 1 in whicl the oxidation inhibitor has the formul P(T alkyl group) a, in which T represents a1 element selected from the group consisting o sulfur, selenium and tellurium.
• An improved lubricant for use in interns combustion engines comprising a refined hydrocarbon oil containing 0.1 to 1% of an oxidation inhibitor effective in preventing decomposition of such oils at the elevated temperatures encountered in lubricating internal combustion engines, said oxidation inhibitor having the formula P(T alkyl group) 3, in which '1 represents an element selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium and tellurium, and in which the alky1 group contains from 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
• An improved lubricant for use in internal combustion engines comprising a'refined hydrocarbon oil containing an effective concentration below about 1% of an oxidation inhibitor effective in preventing decomposition of said oil at the elevated temperatures encountered in lubricating internal combustion engines, said oxidation inhibitor having the formula P(S alkyl group)3, in which the alkyl group contains from 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
• An improved lubricant for use in internal combustion engines comprising a refined hydrocarbon oil containing an effective concentration below about 1% of an oxidation inhibitor effective in preventing decomposition of said oil at the elevated temperatures encountered in lubricating internal combustion engines, said oxidation inhibitor having the formula P(S alkyl grouph, and 125 C.
• a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine which comprises introducing into the crank case of said engine a refined hydrocarbon oil containing from 0.01 to 1% of an oxidation inhibitor of the formula in which T represents an element selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium and tellurium. and R1, R2, and R3 represent organic radicals having 3 to carbon atoms in each radical and selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals and halogen substituted alkyl radicals.
• a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine which comprises introducing into the crank case of said engine a refined hydro carbon oil containing from 0.2 to 0.5% of an oxidation inhibitor of the formula P(S alkyl grouph, in which the alkyl group contains from 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
• T represents an element selected from the group consisting of sulphur, selenium and tellurium
• R1, R2, and R represent organic radicals each having 3 to 20 carbon atoms and having a boiling point above selected from the group consisting of alkyl radiacid which tends to cause corrosion of alloy bearings in the absence of an oxidation inhibitor, and an oxidation inhibitor in an amount sumcient to prevent such corrosion, said oxidation inhibitor having the formula TR; in which T represents an element selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium and tellurium, and R1, R2 and R3 represent organic radicals each having 3 to 20 carbon atoms and selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals and halogen substituted alkyl radicals.
• each of the said alkyl groups of the oxidation inhibitor contains not more than 6 carbon atoms.
• a lubricating oil non-corrosive to hard metal alloy bearings comprising a mineral lubricating oil normally corrosive to said bearings and an alkyl thiophosphite having 3 to 6 carbon atoms in each alkyl radical, said alkyl thiophosphite being added in a small but suflicient quanmy to inhibit the corrosion to said hard metal alloy bearing.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=22572830

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Cited By (5)

• 1937
  • 1937-08-17 US US159504A patent/US2321307A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1938
  • 1938-07-12 DE DEST57670D patent/DE711680C/de not_active Expired

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