US2313570A - Photographic layer capable of receiving writing - Google Patents

Photographic layer capable of receiving writing Download PDF

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US2313570A
US2313570A US358274A US35827440A US2313570A US 2313570 A US2313570 A US 2313570A US 358274 A US358274 A US 358274A US 35827440 A US35827440 A US 35827440A US 2313570 A US2313570 A US 2313570A
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layer
support
cellulose
gelatin
coated
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US358274A
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Gale F Nadeau
Henry R Couch
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/95—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers rendered opaque or writable, e.g. with inert particulate additives

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  • This invention relates to a sensitized photographic element and particularly to an element provided with a pigmented layer designed to receive writing.
  • the principal object of the present invention is to overcome these dimculties by providing sensitive photographic products with a pigmented layer which will take either ink or pencil.
  • This object is accomplished by depositing upon a water proof support a layer consisting of an inorganic pigment such as titanium oxide, baryta, chalk, or lithopone; a hydrophilic material such as gelatin and a cellulosic material such as cellulose organic and inorganic esters and cellulose ethers.
  • an inorganic pigment such as titanium oxide, baryta, chalk, or lithopone
  • a hydrophilic material such as gelatin
  • a cellulosic material such as cellulose organic and inorganic esters and cellulose ethers.
  • resins in place of the cellulosic compounds, and, in the preferred embodiment of our invention, titanium oxide as the pigment.
  • Fig. 1 is a cross section illustrating the relation of the pigmented layer to the support and emulsion layer.
  • Fig, 2 is a cross section of a sensitive photographic paper provided with cellulose nitrate waterproofing layers, the pigmented layer, and an emulsion layer adhesively joined to the support.
  • Fig. 3 is a cross section illustrating the appplil0 cation of the invention to a sensitized tracing cloth.
  • the pigmented layer is disposed on one side of the waterproofed cloth support and the emulsion layer is adhesively joined to the other side.
  • Fig. 4 is a cross section illustrating the general arrangement of layers comprising a sensitive photographic film provided with a titanium oxide layer capable of receiving ink and pencil marks.
  • the titanium oxide For our purposes a 25% concentration is sufficient.
  • the pigmented sub is then coated upon a waterproof support and allowed to dry.
  • the support I0 is coated on both sides with the subbing layers l4 and I5. These layers may consist of the same or different materials.
  • I4 may be cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, or cellulose acetate-propionate but usually l5 consists of cellulose nitrate, ordinary gelatin being applied over this to serve as an adhesive layer I6 for the emulsion l'l. Other- Wise, if I 5 is not cellulose nitrate. adhesive layers consisting of for instance gelatin and a synthetic resin or gelatin coated from a solution of water, acetic acid, acetone, and methanol are used to get the proper adhesion and flexibility.
  • the titanium oxide containing layer (8 is applied directly over layer I4 and may contain in addition to the oxide, gelatin and any cellulose ester.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the use of a paper support ll coated with the cellulose nitrate on both sides, layers l9, although these may be other cellulose esters or mixed esters; the adhesive layer 20 which may be gelatin joins the emulsion layer I! to layer l9.
  • is coated over the nitrate layer 19,
  • the support may be a glossy paper which has previously been baryta sized and according to the invention is then waterproofed, emulsion coated on the glossy side, and pigment coated on the back.
  • Fig. 3 shows the cloth support l2 double coated with cellulose layers 22 and 23 which may consist of the same, different, or mixed cellulose esters.
  • the adhesive subbing layer 24 joins the emulsion H to layer 23 and on the opposite side of the support the mixed titanium oxide, gelatin, and cellulose ester layer [8 is coated over layer 22.
  • Layers 22 and 18 may contain the same or difi'erent cellulose esters.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates the method of application of the titanium oxide containing layer 18 to a cellulose ester support l3 which may be opaque or transparent.
  • subbing layers 25 and 26 comprising, for instance, gelatin are applied followed directly by the emulsion layer H on one side, and on the opposite side, the mixed titanium oxide, gelatin and cellulose ester layer.
  • l8 contain a cellulose ester other than cellulose nitrate it may be desirable to incorporate into layer 25 a material such as a synthetic resin to aid in-obtaining the proper flexibility and adhesion between layers l8 and 25.
  • the general technique of our invention consists in applying an emulsion layer and a, pigmented layer to a waterproof support.
  • the pigmented layer comprise a cellulose ester which does not adhere well to the waterproof support it may be desirable to add to the subbing layers I4, 22, or 25 a material such as a resin.
  • a material such as a synthetic resin is added to the adhesive layer.
  • gelatin subbing solution containing a high percentage of acetone, for instance, 66% acetone, water, 25% methanol, 2% gelatin and 2% acetic acid to sub a cellulose acetate layer which is to receive an emulsion.
  • a glossy double-weight baryta-coated photographic paper was coated on both sides with a dope ,of cellulose nitrate of the following composition:
  • the cellulose nitrate which we use as a constituent of the pigmented layer or the subbing layers may be a highly alcohol soluble one containing 10-12%, preferably 11% of nitrogen.
  • a single light sensitive emulsion layer we may employ a plurality of differentially light sensitive emulsion layers containing light filter or sensitizing dyes or color formers or other material whichadapt the element to use in the taking or reproduction of color pictures in color.
  • a single light sensitive emulsion layer we may employ a plurality of differentially light sensitive emulsion layers containing light filter or sensitizing dyes or color formers or other material whichadapt the element to use in the taking or reproduction of color pictures in color.
  • any specific cellulose ester for use throughout the element we are not limited to any specific cellulose ester for use throughout the element.
  • a sensitive photographic element designed to receive writing comprising, a support coated on both sides with a subbing layer of a material selected from the group consisting of gelatin and cellulose ester, a pigmented layer consisting of a mixture of an inorganic pigment, gelatin, and a cellulose compound over the subbing layer on one side of said support and on the opposite side a light sensitive emulsion layer adhesively joined to a subbing layer.
  • a sensitive photographic element designed to receive writing comprising, a support coated on both sides with a cellulose ester subbing layer, a pigmented layer consisting of a mixture of titanium oxide, gelatin, and a cellulose ester over the subbing layer on one side of said support, and on the opposite side a light sensitive emulsion layer adhesively joined to a subbing layer.
  • a sensitive photographic element designed to receive writing comprising, a support coated on both sides wth a cellulose ester subbing layer, a pigmented layer consisting of a mixture of titanium oxide, gelatin, and cellulose nitrate over the subbing layer on one side of said support, and on the opposite side a light sensitive emulsion layer adhesively joined to a subbing layer.
  • a sensitive photographic element designed to receive writing comprising, an opaque support coated on both sides with a cellulose nitrate waterproofing layer, a pigmented layer consisting of a mixture of titanium oxide, gelatin, and cellulose nitrate over the waterproofing layer on one side of said support, and on the opposite side a light sensitive emulsion layer adhesively joined to the waterproofing layer.
  • a sensitive photographic element designed to receive writing comprising, a paper support coated on both sides with a cellulose nitrate waterproofing layer, a pigmented layer consisting of a mixture of titanium oxide, gelatin, and cellulose nitrate over the waterproofing layer on one side of said support, and on the opposite side a light sensitive emulsion layer adhesively joined to the waterproofing layer.
  • a sensitive photographic element designed to receive writing comprising, a cloth support coated on both sides with a cellulose nitrate waterproofing layer, a pigmented layer consisting of a mixture of titanium oxide, gelatin, and cellulose nitrate over the waterproofing layer on one side of said support, and on the opposite side a light sensitive emulsion layer adhesively joined to the waterproofing layer.
  • a sensitive photographic element designed to receive writing comprising, a paper support coat- 8.
  • a sensitive photographic element designed to receive writing comprising, a paper support coated on both sides with a cellulose acetatepropionate waterproofing layer, a pigmented layer consisting of a mixture of titanium oxide, gelatin, and cellulose nitrate over the waterproofing layer on one side of said support, and on the opposite sidea light sensitive emulsion layer adhesively joined to the waterproofing layer.
  • a sensitive photographic element designed to receive writing comprising, a paper support coated on both sides with a cellulose acetate waterproofing layer, a pigmented layer consisting of a mixture of titanium oxide, gelatin, and cellulose acetate over the waterproofing layer on one side of said support, and on the opposite side a light sensitive emulsion layer adhesively joined to the waterproofing layer.
  • a sensitive photographic element designed to receive writing comprising, a cloth support coated on both sides with a cellulose acetate waterproofing layer, a pigmented layer consisting of a mixture of titanium oxide, gelatin, and cellulos nitrate over the waterproofing layer on one side of said support, and on the opposite side a light sensitive emulsion layer adhesively joined to the waterproofing layer.
  • a sensitive photographic element designed to receive writing comprising, a cloth support coated on both sides with a cellulose acetatepropionate waterproofing layer, a pigmented layer consisting of a mixture f titanium oxide, gelatin, and cellulose nitrate over the water-.- proofing layer on one side of said support, and on the opposite side a light sensitive emulsion layer adhesively joined to the waterproofing layer.
  • a sensitiv photographic element designed to receive writing comprising, a cloth support coated on both sides with a cellulose acetate waterproofing layer, a pigmented layer consisting of a mixture of titanium oxide, gelatin, and cellulose acetate-propionate over the waterproofing layer on one side of said support, and on the opposite side a light sensitive emulsion layer adhesively joined to the waterproofing layer.
  • a sensitive photographic element designed to receive writing comprising, a cellulose acetate support coated on both sides with a cellulose nitrate subbing layer, a pigmented layer consisting of a mixture of titanium oxide, gelatin, and cellulose nitrate over the subbing layer on one side of said support, and on the opposite side a light sensitive emulsion layer.

Description

-water resisting substances.
Patented Mar. 9, 1943 PHOTOGRAPHIG LAYER CAPABLE OF RECEIVING wnrrme Gale F. Nadeau and, Henry R. Couch, Rochester, N. Y., assignors to Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N. Y., a corporation of New Jersey Application September 25, 1940, Serial No. 358,274
13 Claims.
This invention relates to a sensitized photographic element and particularly to an element provided with a pigmented layer designed to receive writing.
It is a well known practice to waterproof paper, cloth and similar materials which are highly susceptible to moisture by the application of non-moisture absorbing layers to the surfaces of these materials. As applied to the various sensitized photographic products, it is the practice to employ in these layers cellulose esters, polymerized vinyl compounds and similar A photographic paper such as a direct positive paper, which is designed to render a positive image in a minimum of time, requires a support which will not be substantially wetted by processing solutions and can be delivered in practically a dry condition, often within the space of a few minutes. Such a paper has been described in the prior 1153?. Patent No. 1,933,824, granted November 7, 1
Frequently it is desired to write or print with ink onto the back of such a paper and this is generally prevented by the thoroughness with which the paper has been waterproofed. Likewise the surface of the paper may refuse to take pencil markings unless it is especially prepared to receive pencil records.
The same difflculties are encountered in the use of sensitized tracing cloths such as are described in the prior U. S. Patent 2,117,814 granted May 17, 1938. While the tracing cloth may be satisfactorily waterproofed so as to resist the softening effect of processing solutions it is generally impossible to imprint satisfactory pencil or ink records thereupon. Likewise photographic film which is now in general use will not readily take pencil or ink impressions; By its very nature the film is resistant to aqueous solutions such as ink and the smooth surfaces will not retain pencil marks.
The principal object of the present invention is to overcome these dimculties by providing sensitive photographic products with a pigmented layer which will take either ink or pencil.
This object is accomplished by depositing upon a water proof support a layer consisting of an inorganic pigment such as titanium oxide, baryta, chalk, or lithopone; a hydrophilic material such as gelatin and a cellulosic material such as cellulose organic and inorganic esters and cellulose ethers. We may also use resins in place of the cellulosic compounds, and, in the preferred embodiment of our invention, titanium oxide as the pigment.
In the accompanying drawing, Fig. 1 is a cross section illustrating the relation of the pigmented layer to the support and emulsion layer.
Fig, 2 is a cross section of a sensitive photographic paper provided with cellulose nitrate waterproofing layers, the pigmented layer, and an emulsion layer adhesively joined to the support.
Fig. 3 is a cross section illustrating the appplil0 cation of the invention to a sensitized tracing cloth. The pigmented layer is disposed on one side of the waterproofed cloth support and the emulsion layer is adhesively joined to the other side.
Fig. 4 is a cross section illustrating the general arrangement of layers comprising a sensitive photographic film provided with a titanium oxide layer capable of receiving ink and pencil marks.
In the operation of our invention we apply the titanium oxide containing layer from solvent solutions of which the following is typical.
, Per cent 1 Cellulose nitrate 1.2 Gelatin 1.2 Acetic acid 2.0 Water 5.0 Acetone 50.0 Methanol 40.6
To this formula is added the titanium oxide. For our purposes a 25% concentration is sufficient. The pigmented sub is then coated upon a waterproof support and allowed to dry.
We will now describe our invention by particular reference to the accompanying drawing. In the general operation of the invention as shown in Fig. 1, the support I0 is coated on both sides with the subbing layers l4 and I5. These layers may consist of the same or different materials.
0 For instance, I4 may be cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, or cellulose acetate-propionate but usually l5 consists of cellulose nitrate, ordinary gelatin being applied over this to serve as an adhesive layer I6 for the emulsion l'l. Other- Wise, if I 5 is not cellulose nitrate. adhesive layers consisting of for instance gelatin and a synthetic resin or gelatin coated from a solution of water, acetic acid, acetone, and methanol are used to get the proper adhesion and flexibility.
The titanium oxide containing layer (8 is applied directly over layer I4 and may contain in addition to the oxide, gelatin and any cellulose ester.
Fig. 2 illustrates the use of a paper support ll coated with the cellulose nitrate on both sides, layers l9, although these may be other cellulose esters or mixed esters; the adhesive layer 20 which may be gelatin joins the emulsion layer I! to layer l9. On the opposite side the mixed titanium oxide, gelatin, and cellulose nitrate layer 2| is coated over the nitrate layer 19, The support may be a glossy paper which has previously been baryta sized and according to the invention is then waterproofed, emulsion coated on the glossy side, and pigment coated on the back.
Fig. 3 shows the cloth support l2 double coated with cellulose layers 22 and 23 which may consist of the same, different, or mixed cellulose esters. The adhesive subbing layer 24 joins the emulsion H to layer 23 and on the opposite side of the support the mixed titanium oxide, gelatin, and cellulose ester layer [8 is coated over layer 22. Layers 22 and 18 may contain the same or difi'erent cellulose esters.
Fig. 4 illustrates the method of application of the titanium oxide containing layer 18 to a cellulose ester support l3 which may be opaque or transparent. In this case due to the water resitsant nature of the cellulose ester support it is not necessary to coat it with waterproofing layers; therefore subbing layers 25 and 26 comprising, for instance, gelatin are applied followed directly by the emulsion layer H on one side, and on the opposite side, the mixed titanium oxide, gelatin and cellulose ester layer. Should l8 contain a cellulose ester other than cellulose nitrate it may be desirable to incorporate into layer 25 a material such as a synthetic resin to aid in-obtaining the proper flexibility and adhesion between layers l8 and 25.
It will be noted that the general technique of our invention consists in applying an emulsion layer and a, pigmented layer to a waterproof support. Should the pigmented layer comprise a cellulose ester which does not adhere well to the waterproof support it may be desirable to add to the subbing layers I4, 22, or 25 a material such as a resin. Should the emulsion layer not adhere well or give the proper flexibility when coated upon subbing layers such as 15 or 23 a material such as a synthetic resin is added to the adhesive layer. This technique is more fully described in U. S. Patents 2,096,616; 2,096,617; 2,096,675. In an alternative method we use a gelatin subbing solution containing a high percentage of acetone, for instance, 66% acetone, water, 25% methanol, 2% gelatin and 2% acetic acid to sub a cellulose acetate layer which is to receive an emulsion.
The following example further illustrates the manner of carrying out our invention.
A glossy double-weight baryta-coated photographic paper was coated on both sides with a dope ,of cellulose nitrate of the following composition:
Per cent Cellulose nitrate 4 Amyl acetate 76.4 Methanol 9.5 Acetone 9.5 Triphenyl phosphate 0.6
This is followed by a thin coating of the following composition on the back side:
I On top of this second coat on the back side of the paper is applied a coating from a dope of the following composition:
Per cent Cellulose nitrate 1.2 Gelatin 1.2 Acetic acid 2.0 Water 5.0 Acetone 50.0 Methanol 40.6
to which 3% titanium oxide has been added. On the glossy side of the paper was coated a gelatin layer from a solution of which the following is typical.
It is not always necessary to double coat a support with a cellulose ester but some supports having substantially long protruding fibers are best rendered completely waterproof and smooth by such a technique.
The cellulose nitrate which we use as a constituent of the pigmented layer or the subbing layers may be a highly alcohol soluble one containing 10-12%, preferably 11% of nitrogen. Instead of a single light sensitive emulsion layer we may employ a plurality of differentially light sensitive emulsion layers containing light filter or sensitizing dyes or color formers or other material whichadapt the element to use in the taking or reproduction of color pictures in color. Here again we are not limited to any specific cellulose ester for use throughout the element.
Having thus described our invention, what we declare is new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. A sensitive photographic element designed to receive writing comprising, a support coated on both sides with a subbing layer of a material selected from the group consisting of gelatin and cellulose ester, a pigmented layer consisting of a mixture of an inorganic pigment, gelatin, and a cellulose compound over the subbing layer on one side of said support and on the opposite side a light sensitive emulsion layer adhesively joined to a subbing layer.
2. A sensitive photographic element designed to receive writing comprising, a support coated on both sides with a cellulose ester subbing layer, a pigmented layer consisting of a mixture of titanium oxide, gelatin, and a cellulose ester over the subbing layer on one side of said support, and on the opposite side a light sensitive emulsion layer adhesively joined to a subbing layer.
3. A sensitive photographic element designed to receive writing comprising, a support coated on both sides wth a cellulose ester subbing layer, a pigmented layer consisting of a mixture of titanium oxide, gelatin, and cellulose nitrate over the subbing layer on one side of said support, and on the opposite side a light sensitive emulsion layer adhesively joined to a subbing layer.
4. A sensitive photographic element designed to receive writing comprising, an opaque support coated on both sides with a cellulose nitrate waterproofing layer, a pigmented layer consisting of a mixture of titanium oxide, gelatin, and cellulose nitrate over the waterproofing layer on one side of said support, and on the opposite side a light sensitive emulsion layer adhesively joined to the waterproofing layer.
5. A sensitive photographic element designed to receive writing comprising, a paper support coated on both sides with a cellulose nitrate waterproofing layer, a pigmented layer consisting of a mixture of titanium oxide, gelatin, and cellulose nitrate over the waterproofing layer on one side of said support, and on the opposite side a light sensitive emulsion layer adhesively joined to the waterproofing layer.
6. A sensitive photographic element designed to receive writing comprising, a cloth support coated on both sides with a cellulose nitrate waterproofing layer, a pigmented layer consisting of a mixture of titanium oxide, gelatin, and cellulose nitrate over the waterproofing layer on one side of said support, and on the opposite side a light sensitive emulsion layer adhesively joined to the waterproofing layer.
7. A sensitive photographic element designed to receive writing comprising, a paper support coat- 8. A sensitive photographic element designed to receive writing comprising, a paper support coated on both sides with a cellulose acetatepropionate waterproofing layer, a pigmented layer consisting of a mixture of titanium oxide, gelatin, and cellulose nitrate over the waterproofing layer on one side of said support, and on the opposite sidea light sensitive emulsion layer adhesively joined to the waterproofing layer.
9. A sensitive photographic element designed to receive writing comprising, a paper support coated on both sides with a cellulose acetate waterproofing layer, a pigmented layer consisting of a mixture of titanium oxide, gelatin, and cellulose acetate over the waterproofing layer on one side of said support, and on the opposite side a light sensitive emulsion layer adhesively joined to the waterproofing layer.
10. A sensitive photographic element designed to receive writing comprising, a cloth support coated on both sides with a cellulose acetate waterproofing layer, a pigmented layer consisting of a mixture of titanium oxide, gelatin, and cellulos nitrate over the waterproofing layer on one side of said support, and on the opposite side a light sensitive emulsion layer adhesively joined to the waterproofing layer.
11. A sensitive photographic element designed to receive writing comprising, a cloth support coated on both sides with a cellulose acetatepropionate waterproofing layer, a pigmented layer consisting of a mixture f titanium oxide, gelatin, and cellulose nitrate over the water-.- proofing layer on one side of said support, and on the opposite side a light sensitive emulsion layer adhesively joined to the waterproofing layer.
12. A sensitiv photographic element designed to receive writing comprising, a cloth support coated on both sides with a cellulose acetate waterproofing layer, a pigmented layer consisting of a mixture of titanium oxide, gelatin, and cellulose acetate-propionate over the waterproofing layer on one side of said support, and on the opposite side a light sensitive emulsion layer adhesively joined to the waterproofing layer.
13. A sensitive photographic element designed to receive writing comprising, a cellulose acetate support coated on both sides with a cellulose nitrate subbing layer, a pigmented layer consisting of a mixture of titanium oxide, gelatin, and cellulose nitrate over the subbing layer on one side of said support, and on the opposite side a light sensitive emulsion layer.
GALE F. NADEAU. HENRY R. COUCH.
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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2454886A (en) * 1942-04-16 1948-11-30 Sapiro Reuben Hillel Prevention of mist and frost on glass and similar sheet material
US2461475A (en) * 1946-12-18 1949-02-08 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Gelatin subbing compositions containing ascorbic acid
US2461473A (en) * 1946-12-17 1949-02-08 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Gelatin subbing compositions having antistatic properties
US2461477A (en) * 1946-12-18 1949-02-08 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Gelatin subbing compositions containing an unsaturated lactone
US2461474A (en) * 1946-12-17 1949-02-08 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Gelatin subbing compositions having antistatic properties
US2461478A (en) * 1946-12-18 1949-02-08 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Gelatin subbing compositions having antistatic properties
US2461472A (en) * 1946-12-17 1949-02-08 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Genatin subbing compositions containing a mixture of formamide and glycerol-alpha-chlorohydrin
US2776219A (en) * 1954-09-02 1957-01-01 Eastman Kodak Co Gelatin coating solution for film support
US2963366A (en) * 1956-08-27 1960-12-06 Keuffel & Esser Co Photosensitive material
US3091535A (en) * 1959-12-31 1963-05-28 Photographic
US6187518B1 (en) * 1998-10-23 2001-02-13 Eastman Kodak Company Backing layers with reduced scum formation for photographic films

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2454886A (en) * 1942-04-16 1948-11-30 Sapiro Reuben Hillel Prevention of mist and frost on glass and similar sheet material
US2461473A (en) * 1946-12-17 1949-02-08 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Gelatin subbing compositions having antistatic properties
US2461474A (en) * 1946-12-17 1949-02-08 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Gelatin subbing compositions having antistatic properties
US2461472A (en) * 1946-12-17 1949-02-08 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Genatin subbing compositions containing a mixture of formamide and glycerol-alpha-chlorohydrin
US2461475A (en) * 1946-12-18 1949-02-08 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Gelatin subbing compositions containing ascorbic acid
US2461477A (en) * 1946-12-18 1949-02-08 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Gelatin subbing compositions containing an unsaturated lactone
US2461476A (en) * 1946-12-18 1949-02-08 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Gelatin subbing compositions containing lactones or hydroxy lactones
US2461478A (en) * 1946-12-18 1949-02-08 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Gelatin subbing compositions having antistatic properties
US2776219A (en) * 1954-09-02 1957-01-01 Eastman Kodak Co Gelatin coating solution for film support
US2963366A (en) * 1956-08-27 1960-12-06 Keuffel & Esser Co Photosensitive material
US3091535A (en) * 1959-12-31 1963-05-28 Photographic
US6187518B1 (en) * 1998-10-23 2001-02-13 Eastman Kodak Company Backing layers with reduced scum formation for photographic films

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