US2310946A - Facsimile recording paper - Google Patents
Facsimile recording paper Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2310946A US2310946A US266709A US26670939A US2310946A US 2310946 A US2310946 A US 2310946A US 266709 A US266709 A US 266709A US 26670939 A US26670939 A US 26670939A US 2310946 A US2310946 A US 2310946A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- paper
- facsimile
- black
- agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 57
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 55
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 19
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 241000276489 Merlangius merlangus Species 0.000 description 7
- 241001422033 Thestylus Species 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012255 powdered metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- MMCPOSDMTGQNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N anilinium chloride Chemical compound Cl.NC1=CC=CC=C1 MMCPOSDMTGQNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- MMCPOSDMTGQNKG-UJZMCJRSSA-N aniline;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.N[14C]1=[14CH][14CH]=[14CH][14CH]=[14CH]1 MMCPOSDMTGQNKG-UJZMCJRSSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenyl amine Natural products NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 aniline compound Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKIIEJOIXGHUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium iodide Chemical compound [Cd+2].[I-].[I-] OKIIEJOIXGHUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- MFEVGQHCNVXMER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2$l^{2}-dioxaplumbetan-4-one Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]C([O-])=O MFEVGQHCNVXMER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000003 Lead carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGQIWUQTCOJGJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].Cl Chemical compound [AlH3].Cl MGQIWUQTCOJGJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003738 black carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940075417 cadmium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/20—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein using electric current
Definitions
- My invention relates to a novel electro-sensitive paper which is discolored by the action of an electric current passing through it and, more particularly, relates to a novel dry electrolytic paper for facsimile reception for the production thereon of pictures or printed matter in accordance with the facsimile current received.
- each successive unit area of the paper in turn depends upon uniform thickness of paper at each unit area and the uniformity of the conducting material in the paper.
- This black paper which is now conducting must be provided with a light colored surface which will be discolored in accordance with the electric current, the degree of discoloration being in accordance with the value of the electric current.
- the composition containing the metal should have such a viscosity that it will not to any material degree penetrate into the paper but will form itself substantially as a coating on the outer surface.
- the application of the coating to the black paper be provided by means of a special printing apparatus to be described hereinafter although I may in some cases spray the coating on. In the latter case, however, I have found a tendency for the composition to penetrate the paper.
- the stylus which rides across and carries the current to the recording sheet has a diameter of 10 mils or .01 inch.
- the stylus traces approximately lines per inch and makes approximately 100 current impressions in the paper per inch. Therefore the degree of composition of the powdered metal making up the dry electrolytic paper must be such that unit areas having dimensions of 10 mils in length and width shall have equal conductivity.
- the paper in its original manufacture is mixed with a powdered metal such as carbon or lamp black reduced to as fine a powder as possible and carefully incorporated so as to produce a uniform thickness of paper.
- a powdered metal such as carbon or lamp black
- an electrosensitive coating comprising first a binder base, which may consist of cellulose nitrate or cellulose acetate; secondly, a whiting agent, such as titanium dioxide; thirdly, a metal powder adapted to aid in rendering the coating conductive, this element being for example aluminum powder; and fourth, a thinner adapted to render the coating applicable to the carbon coated paper, which thinner may be alcohol or any suitable solvent for the cellulosic base.
- a binder base which may consist of cellulose nitrate or cellulose acetate
- a whiting agent such as titanium dioxide
- a metal powder adapted to aid in rendering the coating conductive, this element being for example aluminum powder
- a thinner adapted to render the coating applicable to the carbon coated paper, which thinner may be alcohol or any suitable solvent for the cellulosic base.
- I may modify this electro-sensitive coating by adding thereto an agent adapted to accelerate the darkening of the areas which are affected by the electrical impulse.
- an agent adapted to accelerate the darkening of the areas which are affected by the electrical impulse.
- Such an agent enables the coating to be sensitive at a lower voltage and also effects sharper lines of demarcation between the general white appearance of the paper and the black appearance of the area which is subject to the electrical impulse.
- This agent also effects more gradations from the black print to the white coating so that better tone values are obtained in photographs.
- This modifying agent further prevents a so-called bleeding effect and confines the locality of the impulse.
- anilinehydrochloride or its equivalents may also be employed for the same results.
- aniline hydrochloride I may obtain seven grades or tones from pure white to pure black.
- I may further modify my composition by employing therewith a material adapted to cause the coating to flake under the electrical impulse and hence drop from the stylus which transmits the electrical impulse through the coating. Without the employment of such a flaking agent the coating tends to become gummy, to adhere to the stylus moving over the sheet, and thereby impair the action of the stylus.
- a flaking agent I employ potassium nitrate, although equivalent materials may be employed.
- My paper is characterized by the fact that it is of the traditional, and therefore satisfactory, white appearance. It further is characterized by an extremely desirable sensitivity to such electrical impulses to which it is subjected to facsimile reception. My paper is further non-toxic, inexpensive to manufacture and capable of uniform results.
- I flrst manufacture my conductive paper by impregnating the pulp with as much lamp black as it will hold without falling apart. The final paper comes out about .003 of an inch thick. This paper is now coated with a conducting layer whose thickness is controlled to about .00025 of an inch. Although, as will appear from the following, the coating will contain non-conductive ingredients, these may be controlled to the coating itself controlled.
- the coating compositions are:
- the titanium dioxide is mixed with the binder and suflicient aluminum powder is added so that the coating is rendered conductive but without turning the coating grayish or too dark.
- the mix so formed is thinned out with the thinner and the solution is then applied to a carbon impregnated paper by any of the well known methods of spraying, flowing, dipping or the like.
- a Benday roll This roll has a surface engraved like a screen. Coating in this way gives a very uniform and thin coating which has been found pre-eminently desirable.
- the titanium dioxide is mixed with the cellulosic binder and the aluminum powder is added to that mix.
- the coating After the coating has been properly dried upon the carbon impregnated paper it may be employed for facsimile reception as described above.
- the electrical impulse transmitted by the stylus which contacts the coating through to the conductive carbon impregnated paper causes the coating (A or B) to turn black.
- the aniline compound is heat sensitive and turns brown upon being heated. This tends to accelerate the formation of the black print.
- the cellulosic binder is given by way of example only. Any suitable binding material may be employed and for that purpose many plastic materials including cellulosic compounds and resins, natural or synthetic, and gums may be employed. Certain binders, such as casein, are mechanically suitable, but because of the smell engendered by the heat conversion due to the electrical impulse, it has been found undesirable.
- Totanium dioxide is very suitable as a whiting agent, but other agents adapted to provide the white effect may be employed. Zinc oxide, lead oxide and lead carbonate are typical of such whiting agents. I may also employ the sulphides which work fairly well. They appear not to be sensitive enough and hence I prefer to employ the titanium dioxide referred to above.
- the aluminum powrier is a suitable agent for enhancing the conductance of the coating. At the same time the aluminum when used in proper quantities does not deleteriously darken the coating. However, any suitable metal powder or metal salt that effects this result of enhancing the conductivity of the coating may be employed. Nickel chloride, for example, has been found effective.
- aniline hydrochloride The functions of the aniline hydrochloride have been defined above. Summarizing, it adds to the sensitivity of the titanium dioxide and causes it to turn black under lower temperatures and it, therefore, enables lower voltages to be employed inv the facsimile receiver.
- the aluminum hydrochloride further effects a better detail in that it causes sharper lines of demarcation between the black areas and the white areas and hence more gradations from black to white. Therefore, in photographs it produces desirable tone values which give half tone effects and gradations of color in pictures. It sharply confines the area converted in color and prevents bleeding effects. I have found that I can obtain seven grades of color from pure white to pure black.
- aniline hydrochloride or its equivalents are a material aid in sharpening the image. I have found that cadmium iodide may be substituted for the aniline hydrochloride to good effect.
- the potassium nitrate acts to cause the converted coating to become flaky. It is my belief that this is effected because the oxygen released from the potassium nitrate aids in the complete oxidation of the carbon compound, the aniline hydrochloride, and therefore gives a flaky residue instead of a gummy compound. Certain other nitrates also act to aid in the complete combustion, that is providing the necessary oxygen. I have found that sodium nitrate may be used to good effect. The nitrate is, therefore, a good combustion agent.
- the coating is of such viscosity that it flows to join the adjacent globule and thus an even coating is formed.
- the viscosity of the solution preferably is about 3.2 poises.
- my method of application comprises picking up on a number of separated relatively small surfaces a coating of such viscosity that upon application of .that coating to a material, such as paper, each globule of coating will flow sufficiently to join the adjacent globule to form a coating of uniform thickness.
- the coating method I has set forth above is particularly applicable for the problem presented in paper for facsimile recording. It is of fundamental importance that that coating be of the greatest possible uniformity and that there be no high spots that would act to interfere with the current transfer or with the stylus traversing the coating. This process of coating, therefore, is peculiar to facsimile recording paper.
- a dry electrolytic facsimile recording paper for discoloring upon the passage of electric currents therethrough comprising a comparatively dark conductive paper sheet, said sheet being uniformly coated with a comparatively light electrosensitive coating, said coating comprising a mixture of titanium dioxide, a conductive metallic powder, aniline hydrochloride, and potassium nitrate.
- a dry electrolytic facsimile recording paper for discoloring upon the passage of electric currents therethrough comprising a comparatively dark conductive paper sheet, said sheet being uniformly coated with a comparatively light electrosensitive coating, said coating comprising a dried homogeneous mixture of titanium dioxide, a metallic powder, aniline hydrochloride, potassium nitrate, and a dilute solution of a cellulosic binder.
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Time Recorders, Dirve Recorders, Access Control (AREA)
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE438609D BE438609A (en(2012)) | 1939-04-07 | ||
| US266709A US2310946A (en) | 1939-04-07 | 1939-04-07 | Facsimile recording paper |
| FR864689D FR864689A (fr) | 1939-04-07 | 1940-04-06 | Papier électro-sensible |
| GB6325/40A GB536395A (en) | 1939-04-07 | 1940-04-08 | Electric sensitive paper |
| CH263296D CH263296A (fr) | 1939-04-07 | 1940-10-17 | Papier conducteur pour appareils enregistreurs électriques et procédé pour sa fabrication. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US266709A US2310946A (en) | 1939-04-07 | 1939-04-07 | Facsimile recording paper |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2310946A true US2310946A (en) | 1943-02-16 |
Family
ID=23015679
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US266709A Expired - Lifetime US2310946A (en) | 1939-04-07 | 1939-04-07 | Facsimile recording paper |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2310946A (en(2012)) |
| BE (1) | BE438609A (en(2012)) |
| CH (1) | CH263296A (en(2012)) |
| FR (1) | FR864689A (en(2012)) |
| GB (1) | GB536395A (en(2012)) |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2471607A (en) * | 1947-01-09 | 1949-05-31 | Finch Telecommunications Inc | Facsimile recording papers |
| US2500617A (en) * | 1942-08-04 | 1950-03-14 | Western Union Telegraph Co | Electrosensitive stencil blank |
| US2555321A (en) * | 1941-08-08 | 1951-06-05 | Western Union Telegraph Co | Facsimile recording paper |
| US2625494A (en) * | 1948-05-05 | 1953-01-13 | Morrison Montford | Heat-sensitive recording element |
| US2664043A (en) * | 1947-06-17 | 1953-12-29 | Timefax Corp | Stencil recording blank and process of preparation |
| US2833677A (en) * | 1954-06-09 | 1958-05-06 | Recording paper for spark recorders | |
| US3142562A (en) * | 1959-12-03 | 1964-07-28 | Motorola Inc | System and method for making records |
| US3216855A (en) * | 1962-06-20 | 1965-11-09 | Graphic Controls Corp | Electrosensitive recording materials and their manufacture |
| US3263604A (en) * | 1962-01-12 | 1966-08-02 | Timefax Corp | Electro-responsive blanks |
| US3265531A (en) * | 1962-04-27 | 1966-08-09 | Honeywell Inc | Electrically recording paper |
| US3914546A (en) * | 1968-02-05 | 1975-10-21 | Xerox Corp | Common path image exploring apparatus |
| US20040118538A1 (en) * | 2002-07-15 | 2004-06-24 | Ralph Cilevitz | Novel paper having low lint and/or anti-static |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE943091C (de) * | 1953-08-12 | 1956-05-09 | Siemens Ag | Metallschichtpapier fuer Registrierzwecke mit einer durch Hitzeeinwirkung entfernbaren Metallschicht |
-
0
- BE BE438609D patent/BE438609A/xx unknown
-
1939
- 1939-04-07 US US266709A patent/US2310946A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1940
- 1940-04-06 FR FR864689D patent/FR864689A/fr not_active Expired
- 1940-04-08 GB GB6325/40A patent/GB536395A/en not_active Expired
- 1940-10-17 CH CH263296D patent/CH263296A/fr unknown
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2555321A (en) * | 1941-08-08 | 1951-06-05 | Western Union Telegraph Co | Facsimile recording paper |
| US2500617A (en) * | 1942-08-04 | 1950-03-14 | Western Union Telegraph Co | Electrosensitive stencil blank |
| US2471607A (en) * | 1947-01-09 | 1949-05-31 | Finch Telecommunications Inc | Facsimile recording papers |
| US2664043A (en) * | 1947-06-17 | 1953-12-29 | Timefax Corp | Stencil recording blank and process of preparation |
| US2625494A (en) * | 1948-05-05 | 1953-01-13 | Morrison Montford | Heat-sensitive recording element |
| US2833677A (en) * | 1954-06-09 | 1958-05-06 | Recording paper for spark recorders | |
| US3142562A (en) * | 1959-12-03 | 1964-07-28 | Motorola Inc | System and method for making records |
| US3263604A (en) * | 1962-01-12 | 1966-08-02 | Timefax Corp | Electro-responsive blanks |
| US3265531A (en) * | 1962-04-27 | 1966-08-09 | Honeywell Inc | Electrically recording paper |
| US3216855A (en) * | 1962-06-20 | 1965-11-09 | Graphic Controls Corp | Electrosensitive recording materials and their manufacture |
| US3914546A (en) * | 1968-02-05 | 1975-10-21 | Xerox Corp | Common path image exploring apparatus |
| US20040118538A1 (en) * | 2002-07-15 | 2004-06-24 | Ralph Cilevitz | Novel paper having low lint and/or anti-static |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB536395A (en) | 1941-05-13 |
| BE438609A (en(2012)) | |
| CH263296A (fr) | 1949-08-31 |
| FR864689A (fr) | 1941-05-02 |
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