US2298949A - Radial form ultra-high frequency tube - Google Patents

Radial form ultra-high frequency tube Download PDF

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Publication number
US2298949A
US2298949A US330662A US33066240A US2298949A US 2298949 A US2298949 A US 2298949A US 330662 A US330662 A US 330662A US 33066240 A US33066240 A US 33066240A US 2298949 A US2298949 A US 2298949A
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United States
Prior art keywords
electrons
tube
chamber
cathode
resonant
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US330662A
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English (en)
Inventor
Charles V Litton
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International Standard Electric Corp
Original Assignee
International Standard Electric Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE473835D priority Critical patent/BE473835A/xx
Application filed by International Standard Electric Corp filed Critical International Standard Electric Corp
Priority to US330662A priority patent/US2298949A/en
Priority to GB2928/41A priority patent/GB575123A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2298949A publication Critical patent/US2298949A/en
Priority to FR928669D priority patent/FR928669A/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
    • H01J25/18—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator with radial or disc-like electron stream perpendicular to the axis of the resonators

Definitions

  • This invention relates to ultra-high frequency velocity modulated tubes, and more particularly to velocity modulateditubes wherein'the' emitted electrons are radiallyisiipplied to annular resonant cavities.
  • Tubes are known in. which electrons emitted from a cathode are accelerated-in a given direction and caused to pass by control electrodes, the control electrodes being associated with a resonant circuit so that electrons are alternately accelerated and decelerated while passing the;
  • control electrodes After passing the electrodes the electronstreamis caused to traverse a given I distance so that the electrons become grouped, due to their difference in velocity, the grouping following a particular wave formation.
  • a 'second resonant circuit is then provided and electrode arrangements in this second circuit are energized in such phase as to absorb the energy from the grouped electron waves.
  • This known type of tube has been constructed so that the electrons are emitted in a single concentrated beam, and the resonant circuits and control electrodes are provided in tandem along this beam.
  • This type of arrangement limits the power that can'be obtained since the limited area permits the building up of a space charge which limits the space current practically useable.
  • the resonant circuits are also made in the form of annular chambers. It is apparent thatthe outer resonant chambers are larger in dimensions, re-' ducing the space charge, effects even with large space currents by reason of the increased effective area.
  • a still-further feature of my invention comprises a magnetic ,pontrol arrangement for preventing the electron sheet from spreading laterally.
  • Fig. 2 shows a further preferred structural arrangement of a tube in accordance with my invention together with tuning means therefor;and-
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a form of magnetic control arrangement and tube structure: in accordance with myinvention.
  • Fig. 1 is'illustrated in a form of tube'in accordance with my invention which serves to illustrate the principles thereof.
  • the tube generally designated at In comprises an electron emissive cathode I l supplied by suitable heating means.
  • cathode II is provided an annularochamber l2 and centrally disposed in the walls of chamber [2 are grids l3; l4.
  • Annular chamber [2 is connected by means of a flange passage IS with a further annular resonant chamber 22.
  • the annular chamtional view thereof corresponds substantially to a pair of quarterwave transmission lines connected end to end.
  • Electronsemitted from cathode H are accelerated outwardly in a radial direction through grids l3, [-4 by means of a high potential applied to resonant chambers l2 and I3 by any suitable means, not shown.
  • a feedback circuit is provided, as shown at 18 between resonant chambers l2 and 22.
  • the vacuum within the chamber may be maintained by means of-aclosure member l9 and glass seal member 20 which serves also as a seal for the lead-in wires for the cathode I I.
  • Fig. 1 I have shown one particular form of my invention.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a further preferred embodiment which incorporates further means for adjusting the'spacing between the grids such as l3.
  • the resonant chambers are made lower and flatter than shown in Fig. 1 and a separate additional target arrangement is provided so that the electrons leaving the absorption circuit 22 may be further retarded by a different potential applied to an additional collector electrode 30.
  • the tube arrangement of Fig. 2 comprises more particularly a cathode ll supported from a glass seal 20.
  • the control grids l3, l4 associated with resonant chamber l2 are adjustable in spacing. This adjustment may be accomplished by mounting grid 13 on segmental plates 3i and providing slots 32 in the inner wall of the resont chamber [2. Inner wall of chamber [2 is preferably made inclined.
  • Mounted within the tube and in contact with the various portions of wall 33 between the separate slots are a plurality of rods 3
  • a cap member 31 Arranged above the metal bellows 36 is provided a cap member 31 fastened at its lower end by a ring 38 provided on the envelope. Within the cap member 31 are adjustable screws 39. By adjusting screws 39, member 35 together with rods 34, may be raised or lowered controlling the position ofthe slotted portions of the inner wall of chamber [2- thus moving the grid segments 3
  • the drift distance between grid H and the grid I6 associated with resonant chamber 22 is controlled by means of an annular passageway [5.
  • a second grid member Ml Associated with grid IS in chamber 22 is a second grid member Ml so that electrons leaving cathode Il pass first through grids l3, H where they are given modulation in velocity and then after traveling through chamber I5 pass through grids l6 and 40 where their energyis absorbed in the annular resonant chamber 22. From chamber 22 energy may be extracted by means of the coupled transmission line H. After leaving grid 40 the electrons pass outward to the collector electrode 30'.
  • Collector electrode 30 is insulated from the metal envelope portions of the tube by suitable means: such as the glass seal 43, so that electrode 30 may be maintained at a different potential lower than that of the casing. Accordingly, the electrons after passing electrode 40 are deceleratcd further by'target electrode 30. so that upon contacting this electrode they do not release so great an amount of heat. If the tube is to be utilized as an oscilla- Threadily adjustable tion generator, afeedback loop arrangement II is provided between chambers 22 and I2.
  • the power requirements of the tube may be enhanced over the arrangement shown in Fig. 1. Any desired power requirements can be met merely by increasing the diameter of both the toroidal resonant chambers and similarly increasing the dimeter of the cathode. Upon increasing the dimeter of the cathode a ring shape may be given thereto. Thus, the area of the resonant chambers may be radially increased by this increase in diameter so as to care for larger space currents in accordance with the power requirements of the circuit.
  • Fig. 3 a still further embodiment of my invention.
  • a tube having generally the same type of construction as shown in Pig. 2 is illustrated.
  • the cathode II is made in the form of a ring as described above.
  • the concentration of the electron sheet leaving the cathode II isenhanced by utilizing a magnetic focusing arrangement for preventing the spreading of the field.
  • This magnetic arrangement comprises twq iron shell arrangements 50, 5
  • This magnetic circuit tends to concentrate the electrons emitted from cathode H so as to maintain them in a flat disc-like beam.
  • the magnetic circuit arrangement is arranged similar to two dynamic speaker field coil assemblies properly phased in opposition so that both magnets contribute to the magnetic flux along the electron path. By use of this arrangement at greater concentration of the beam may be achieved and improved operating characteristics may result.
  • trodes mounted about said cathode in the pathof said electrons, a first resonant circuit coupled to said control electrodes to alter the-velocity of said electrons, an absorption electrode means mounted outside said first resonant chamber in the path of said altered velocity electrons, means for guiding said electrons from said control electrodes to said absorption electrode means, and a second resonant circuit coupled to'said absorption electrode means.
  • a high frequency tube further comprising magnetic control means cou ially disposed with respect to said cathode and producing a magnetic field along the path of said electrons between said cathode and said absorption electrode whereby said electrons are her in the form of avhollow annulus mounted about said cathode, control electrodes in the walls of said first chamber in alignment with said cathode for imparting to the electrons emitted a variation in velocity dependent upon the oscillating frequency of said first resonant chamber, a.
  • second resonant chamber in the form 01 a hollow annulus mounted outside said first resonant chamber tuned to said oscillating frequency, an absorption electrode in the wall of said secondresonant chamber in alignment with said control electrodes and said cathode, said absorption electrode being spaced a distance from said control electrodes dependent upon said frequency, and means for confining emitted electrons substantially in a radial path from said control electrodes to said absorption electrode.
  • a high frequency tube further comprising a collector electrode in annular form mounted outside said second annular chamber in substantial alignment with said absorption electrode, and means supporting said collector electrode in insulated relation with respect to said chambers, whereby a different voltage may be applied thereto.
  • An ultra high frequency tube of the velocity modulation type comprising a pair of concentric members of substantially cylindrical form effectively closed at both ends and forming an annular cavity, two velocity modulating electrodes connected respectively to said members near the centers thereof and having openings for the passage of electrons, means for producing a stream of electrons passing successively through said openings in said two electrodes transversely to the longitudinal axis of said members, means for establishing oscillations in said cavity between said pair of members to cause said two electrodes to velocity modulate said stream of electrons, and means for extracting high frequency energy from said velocity modulated stream of electrons after the electrons thereof have become bunched due to said velocity modulation, said means for establishing oscillations comprising a feed-back connection between said extracting means and said concentric members.

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  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
US330662A 1940-04-20 1940-04-20 Radial form ultra-high frequency tube Expired - Lifetime US2298949A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE473835D BE473835A (fr) 1940-04-20
US330662A US2298949A (en) 1940-04-20 1940-04-20 Radial form ultra-high frequency tube
GB2928/41A GB575123A (en) 1940-04-20 1941-03-04 Radial form ultra-high frequency tube
FR928669D FR928669A (fr) 1940-04-20 1946-02-15 Perfectionnements aux tubes à modulation de vitesse

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US330662A US2298949A (en) 1940-04-20 1940-04-20 Radial form ultra-high frequency tube

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2298949A true US2298949A (en) 1942-10-13

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US330662A Expired - Lifetime US2298949A (en) 1940-04-20 1940-04-20 Radial form ultra-high frequency tube

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2298949A (fr)
BE (1) BE473835A (fr)
FR (1) FR928669A (fr)
GB (1) GB575123A (fr)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2434962A (en) * 1940-05-17 1948-01-27 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge device of the cavity resonator type
US2445810A (en) * 1942-12-04 1948-07-27 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Ultra high frequency electric oscillator
US2454330A (en) * 1944-04-13 1948-11-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp Positive grid oscillator
US2461125A (en) * 1943-12-31 1949-02-08 Rca Corp Electron discharge device utilizing cavity resonators
US2464229A (en) * 1943-11-10 1949-03-15 Univ Leland Stanford Junior High-frequency apparatus and method
US2466067A (en) * 1942-12-07 1949-04-05 Sperry Corp High-frequency apparatus
US2466059A (en) * 1943-09-03 1949-04-05 Raytheon Mfg Co Laminated magnetron
US2466063A (en) * 1943-02-03 1949-04-05 Sperry Corp High-power high-frequency electron discharge apparatus
US2473827A (en) * 1943-10-05 1949-06-21 Raytheon Mfg Co Electronic discharge device of the cavity resonator type
US2476971A (en) * 1942-02-19 1949-07-26 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge apparatus of the velocity modulation type
US2489131A (en) * 1943-11-17 1949-11-22 Rca Corp Electron discharge device of the cavity resonator type
US2498763A (en) * 1944-06-15 1950-02-28 Westinghouse Electric Corp Magnetron
US2540142A (en) * 1942-10-17 1951-02-06 Sperry Corp High-frequency tube structure and system
US2547411A (en) * 1945-11-06 1951-04-03 William R Rambo Coupling arrangement between an electron discharge device and cavity resonators
US2564385A (en) * 1944-03-25 1951-08-14 Csf Electronic transmitting valve of great power for ultra short waves
US2599263A (en) * 1944-08-15 1952-06-03 Rca Corp Ultrahigh-frequency electron discharge device
US2617961A (en) * 1947-01-08 1952-11-11 Cie General De T S F Electron tube for very high frequencies
US2627050A (en) * 1940-10-03 1953-01-27 Csf Electronic device for very high frequencies
US2644908A (en) * 1949-03-26 1953-07-07 Sperry Corp Microwave frequency cavity resonator structure
US2654844A (en) * 1949-04-08 1953-10-06 Eitel Mccullough Inc Ultrahigh-frequency generator and electron tube
US2721957A (en) * 1945-12-11 1955-10-25 Henry V Neher Microwave oscillator electron discharge device
US2773214A (en) * 1951-02-17 1956-12-04 Jean P Voge Velocity modulation tubes
US2777085A (en) * 1952-05-29 1957-01-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp Secondary electron suppressor

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB731436A (en) * 1952-06-05 1955-06-08 Emi Ltd Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices employing hollow resonators
US4210845A (en) * 1978-11-24 1980-07-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Trirotron: triode rotating beam radio frequency amplifier
GB2245414B (en) * 1990-03-28 1994-03-23 Eev Ltd Output cavity for electron beam tube
US5239272A (en) * 1990-03-09 1993-08-24 Eev Limited Electron beam tube arrangements having primary and secondary output cavities
GB9005382D0 (en) * 1990-03-09 1990-05-02 Eev Ltd Electron beam tube with coupled input cavities

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2434962A (en) * 1940-05-17 1948-01-27 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge device of the cavity resonator type
US2627050A (en) * 1940-10-03 1953-01-27 Csf Electronic device for very high frequencies
US2476971A (en) * 1942-02-19 1949-07-26 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge apparatus of the velocity modulation type
US2540142A (en) * 1942-10-17 1951-02-06 Sperry Corp High-frequency tube structure and system
US2445810A (en) * 1942-12-04 1948-07-27 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Ultra high frequency electric oscillator
US2466067A (en) * 1942-12-07 1949-04-05 Sperry Corp High-frequency apparatus
US2466063A (en) * 1943-02-03 1949-04-05 Sperry Corp High-power high-frequency electron discharge apparatus
US2466059A (en) * 1943-09-03 1949-04-05 Raytheon Mfg Co Laminated magnetron
US2473827A (en) * 1943-10-05 1949-06-21 Raytheon Mfg Co Electronic discharge device of the cavity resonator type
US2464229A (en) * 1943-11-10 1949-03-15 Univ Leland Stanford Junior High-frequency apparatus and method
US2489131A (en) * 1943-11-17 1949-11-22 Rca Corp Electron discharge device of the cavity resonator type
US2461125A (en) * 1943-12-31 1949-02-08 Rca Corp Electron discharge device utilizing cavity resonators
US2564385A (en) * 1944-03-25 1951-08-14 Csf Electronic transmitting valve of great power for ultra short waves
US2454330A (en) * 1944-04-13 1948-11-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp Positive grid oscillator
US2498763A (en) * 1944-06-15 1950-02-28 Westinghouse Electric Corp Magnetron
US2599263A (en) * 1944-08-15 1952-06-03 Rca Corp Ultrahigh-frequency electron discharge device
US2547411A (en) * 1945-11-06 1951-04-03 William R Rambo Coupling arrangement between an electron discharge device and cavity resonators
US2721957A (en) * 1945-12-11 1955-10-25 Henry V Neher Microwave oscillator electron discharge device
US2617961A (en) * 1947-01-08 1952-11-11 Cie General De T S F Electron tube for very high frequencies
US2644908A (en) * 1949-03-26 1953-07-07 Sperry Corp Microwave frequency cavity resonator structure
US2654844A (en) * 1949-04-08 1953-10-06 Eitel Mccullough Inc Ultrahigh-frequency generator and electron tube
US2773214A (en) * 1951-02-17 1956-12-04 Jean P Voge Velocity modulation tubes
US2777085A (en) * 1952-05-29 1957-01-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp Secondary electron suppressor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB575123A (en) 1946-02-05
BE473835A (fr)
FR928669A (fr) 1947-12-04

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