US2295680A - Ultra high frequency device with conical collector - Google Patents

Ultra high frequency device with conical collector Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2295680A
US2295680A US362776A US36277640A US2295680A US 2295680 A US2295680 A US 2295680A US 362776 A US362776 A US 362776A US 36277640 A US36277640 A US 36277640A US 2295680 A US2295680 A US 2295680A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
resonator
hollow body
high frequency
electrons
cylinder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US362776A
Inventor
Ilia E Mouromtseff
George M Dinnick
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CBS Corp
Original Assignee
Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co filed Critical Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co
Priority to US362776A priority Critical patent/US2295680A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2295680A publication Critical patent/US2295680A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
    • H01J25/12—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator with pencil-like electron stream in the axis of the resonators

Definitions

  • Our invention relates to ultra-high frequency apparatus, and especially to apparatus utilizing a hollow body resonator.
  • a combination of two of thesev Rhumbatrons has been utilized between a cathode and a collector, in which the first hollow body resonator is utilized to bunch the stream of electrons from the cathode, and the second hollow body resonator is utilized throughout to absorb energy from the bunched electron stream, and has been called a catcher.
  • the energy absorbed by the second hollow body resonator is, of course, fed into a suitable output circuit or antenna.
  • Another object of our invention is to provide means for concentrating the electron stream to the openings in a hollow body resonator.
  • a furtherobject ofl our invention is to prevent over-heating in one spot of the collector by the electron stream acted upon by a hollow body resonator.
  • a still further object of the invention is to' provide better control of the oscillations in the hollow body resonator, and specifically to accomplish thisby external feed-back loops between the resonators.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide a structure which may utilize' other metals besides copper.
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view on lines II-II of Figure 1.
  • FIG. 1 we have disclosed our discharge device especially adapted to produce ultra-high frequencies.
  • a cathode I0 which is preferably in the form of a slotted plate with bent back full ends l l and l2, connected to two conductors I3 and It, sealed through a press I5 oi insulation, preferably or" borosilicate glass.
  • the insulation forming this press is preferably of a re-entrant shape,l having its cylinder edge I6 sealed to a cylinder Il.
  • This metal cylinder may be of copper or a nickel-cobalt-iron alloy known under trade name of Kovar.
  • This cylinder encloses the cathode and inside this cylinder, vwe preferably provide a smaller cylinder I8 of molybdenum or nickel.
  • This cylinder has an independent lead I9 sealed through the vpress l5, and a voltage in the 20 neighborhoodof 100 volts is applied to this cylinder it in order to concentrate the electron stream and direct it towards the other' end of the enclosing cylinder .I'
  • this cylinder Il is attached, as by' welding, brazing or soldering, or'may be integral with the upper central rim 20 of a doughnut shaped hollow body 2
  • This hollow body has a central rim 22, slightly spaced from the upper central rim 20.
  • these rims 2li and 22 are spaced approximately at'the vertical axis of the hollow body 2 I.
  • a perforated plate 23 extends across this rim 2i! and a similar plate 24 extends across the space formed by the rim 22.
  • a second cylinder 25 is attached to the rim 22, and extends to a rim 26 of a second hollow body resonator 2li, similar in form to that of tl and having a central rim i8 likewise spaced slightly from the rim 2B and a perforated plate 29 extending across the rim 2t having a similar rim extending across the rim 2li.
  • An enclosure 3l surrounds the openings in the perforated plate 30.
  • This enclosure is prei-I erably conical in form with gently tapered sides extending to an apex 32.
  • This conical enclosure 3l with its base enclosing the openings 30, v acts as the electron collector of the discharge de-g vice.
  • the gently tapered slides oi the conical col- 50 lector provide an extended surface for the lmpingement of electrons thereon and the extent and slope of this surface is such that the electrons cannot concentrate upon one local spot and overheat. Furthermore the electrons hit the sides of the collector at such a very acute angle that secondary or reflected primary elec-V trons will continue on towards the apex 32 and will not interfere with electrons emerging from the exit opening 3l.
  • the cooling means 33 may be applied to this lill , sheath ',we prefer to feed back energy from the second resonator 21 to the resonator 2l.
  • Our invention specifically concerns making an adjustable external feed-back arrangement between these two electrodes.
  • a loop 35 in the first resonator is attached to the casing and its other end has a conductor -36 extending through a cylindrical flange 31 sealed off with insulation 38.
  • the other end of this conductor 36 forms a loop 39, whose other end 4t is connected with the cylindrical flange.
  • the resonator 3l has a similar loop iii, conductor 42, flange 43, insulation it, loop i5 and end 46.
  • These external loops te and 55 are preferably connected by a transmission line in the form of a exible cylinder il with a central axial conductor i8 therethrough, with end loops 49 and 5Fl attached to the exible cylinder ll.
  • the distance between the coupling loops 39 and 49, as well as t5 and 5i), is adjustable, and these loops may be held in their adjusted position by any suitable supporting means.
  • the spacing between the external loops, as well as the length of the transmission line, will control vthe feedback line and its phase.
  • the form of output to an exterior transmission line or antenna can be that shown in connection with the hollow body resonator.
  • the form of output disclosed in the lower left hand portion of 'the second resonator is disclosed to illustrate a possible variation in the form of transmission connections.
  • This output connection is a loop 5l attached to the interior casing of the resonator and has special advantages.
  • This output connection is a loop 5i attached to the interior casing of the "resonator and has a central conductor 52 passing axially through a cylindrical ange 53 of the resonator.'
  • the conductor 52 passing through this cylindrical flange 55 is -enclosed by a tight fitting cylinder copper Insulation 55 is sealed to this copper sheath and fills the open end of the cylinder extension 55.
  • a concentric pipe transmission line or antenna can be connected to the cylindrical flange 53 and the conductor 52.
  • the particular form of our discharge device permits the use of other materials besides that of copper, which has heretofore been used in such construction.
  • the hollow body resonator can be made of cold rolled steel by symmetrical spinning or other similar strong material which permits resistance welding. In order to make the magnetic and high electrical resistivity of this steel harmless, the current-carrying surfaces can he silver or copper plated. The use of cold rolled steel permits the flexing of the walls without damage.
  • a resonator structure comprising a hollowbody resonator having openings therethrough for the passage of electrons, and a 'hollow co1- lector adjacent thereto, said collector being coni cal in shape with its apex at its end remote from said resonator.
  • a discharge device comprising a cathode, a hollow body resonator having entrance and exit openings therethrough for the passage of electrons, an extension of said resonator surrounding said exit openings, said extension having a tapered closed end.
  • a discharge device comprising a cathode, a hollow body resonator having entrance and exit openingsv for electrons, and a conical electron collector having its base completely surrounding the exit openings in said hollow body resonator for preventing lateral escape of electrons which pass through said exit openings.
  • a discharge device comprising a hollow bcdy resonator having openings for the passage of electrons therethrough and an electron collector having its sides constituting an electronintercepting surface of which the part nearest said openings forms an angle of incidence greater than 45 to the path of electrons emerging through said openings that the electrons will not tendtoconcentrate on'a local spot of said collector'and on reflecting therefrom will continue in a generally forward direction.
  • a discharge device comprising a hollow body resonator having two parallel spaced input ⁇ and exit openings for the passage of electrons ing an electron-intercepting surface of which the part nearest said openings forms an angle of incidence greater than 45 to the, path of elec,
  • a discharge device comprising av hollow body resonator having two parallel spaced input and exit openings for the passage of electrons therethrough and having a hollow surface collector means, adjacent said resonator, the perimeter of whose cross-section is closed and at a very acute angle to the direction of said electrons as thel7 pass out of the exit opening of said hollow body resonator.

Landscapes

  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)

Description

Sept. 15, 1.942- I -l. E. MlouRoMlrsEFr-f ErAL ULTRA-HIGH FREQUENCY DEVICE WITH CONICAL COLLECTOR Filed oct., 25. 1940 Patented Sept. 15, 1942 UNITED STATES ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY DEVICE WITH CONICAL COLLECTOR Ilia E. lllouromtseil', Montclair, and George M.
Dinnlck, Bloomfield,
inghouse Electric & Manufacturing East Pittsburgh, Pa., vania N. J., assigner: to West- Y Company. a corporation of Pennsyl- Applicatlon October Z5, 1940, Serial No. 362,776
7 Claims.
Our invention relates to ultra-high frequency apparatus, and especially to apparatus utilizing a hollow body resonator.
Recent developments in ultra-high frequency apparatus have included the type utilizing a hollow body resonator. The form of hollow body resonator found especially suitable, has been that of two closely spaced perforated surfaces forming the central portion of a doughnut shaped container. One of the forms of this type of hollow body resonator has been put on the market, and designated by the trade name of Rhumbatron."
A combination of two of thesev Rhumbatrons has been utilized between a cathode and a collector, in which the first hollow body resonator is utilized to bunch the stream of electrons from the cathode, and the second hollow body resonator is utilized throughout to absorb energy from the bunched electron stream, and has been called a catcher. The energy absorbed by the second hollow body resonator is, of course, fed into a suitable output circuit or antenna.
One of the particular types of apparatus utilizing such a combination of hollow body resonators, has been put on the market under` the trade name of Klystron f Certain specific forms of types of ultra-high frequency utilizing hollow body resonators, have been described in our copending applications, Serial No. 360,367,.led October 9, 1940, for Ultra-high frequency oscillator," and in Serial No. 360,366, filed October 9, 1940, for Tuning device, now Patent Number 2,263,184, of No vember 18, 1941.
It is one of the objects of our present invention to improve the operation and the eiliciency of an ultra-high frequency device utilizing one or more hollow bodyresonators.
Another object of our invention is to provide means for concentrating the electron stream to the openings in a hollow body resonator.
A furtherobject ofl our invention is to prevent over-heating in one spot of the collector by the electron stream acted upon by a hollow body resonator.
A still further object of the invention is to' provide better control of the oscillations in the hollow body resonator, and specifically to accomplish thisby external feed-back loops between the resonators. A,
A still further object of the invention is to provide a structure which may utilize' other metals besides copper.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will'be apparent from the following description Figure 2 is a sectional view on lines II-II of Figure 1.
In Figure 1 we have disclosed our discharge device especially adapted to produce ultra-high frequencies. We provide at one end of such a tube a cathode I0, which is preferably in the form of a slotted plate with bent back full ends l l and l2, connected to two conductors I3 and It, sealed through a press I5 oi insulation, preferably or" borosilicate glass. The insulation forming this press is preferably of a re-entrant shape,l having its cylinder edge I6 sealed to a cylinder Il. This metal cylinder may be of copper or a nickel-cobalt-iron alloy known under trade name of Kovar. This cylinder encloses the cathode and inside this cylinder, vwe preferably provide a smaller cylinder I8 of molybdenum or nickel. This cylinder has an independent lead I9 sealed through the vpress l5, and a voltage in the 20 neighborhoodof 100 volts is applied to this cylinder it in order to concentrate the electron stream and direct it towards the other' end of the enclosing cylinder .I'|.
The other end of this cylinder Il is attached, as by' welding, brazing or soldering, or'may be integral with the upper central rim 20 of a doughnut shaped hollow body 2|. This hollow body has a central rim 22, slightly spaced from the upper central rim 20. Preferably these rims 2li and 22 are spaced approximately at'the vertical axis of the hollow body 2 I.
A perforated plate 23 extends across this rim 2i! and a similar plate 24 extends across the space formed by the rim 22. A second cylinder 25 is attached to the rim 22, and extends to a rim 26 of a second hollow body resonator 2li, similar in form to that of tl and having a central rim i8 likewise spaced slightly from the rim 2B and a perforated plate 29 extending across the rim 2t having a similar rim extending across the rim 2li.
An enclosure 3l surrounds the openings in the perforated plate 30. This enclosure is prei-I erably conical in form with gently tapered sides extending to an apex 32. This conical enclosure 3l with its base enclosing the openings 30, v acts as the electron collector of the discharge de-g vice.
The gently tapered slides oi the conical col- 50 lector provide an extended surface for the lmpingement of electrons thereon and the extent and slope of this surface is such that the electrons cannot concentrate upon one local spot and overheat. Furthermore the electrons hit the sides of the collector at such a very acute angle that secondary or reflected primary elec-V trons will continue on towards the apex 32 and will not interfere with electrons emerging from the exit opening 3l. A 60 The cooling means 33 may be applied to this lill , sheath ',we prefer to feed back energy from the second resonator 21 to the resonator 2l. Our invention specifically concerns making an adjustable external feed-back arrangement between these two electrodes. A loop 35 in the first resonator is attached to the casing and its other end has a conductor -36 extending through a cylindrical flange 31 sealed off with insulation 38. The other end of this conductor 36 forms a loop 39, whose other end 4t is connected with the cylindrical flange.
The resonator 3l has a similar loop iii, conductor 42, flange 43, insulation it, loop i5 and end 46. These external loops te and 55 are preferably connected by a transmission line in the form of a exible cylinder il with a central axial conductor i8 therethrough, with end loops 49 and 5Fl attached to the exible cylinder ll.
The distance between the coupling loops 39 and 49, as well as t5 and 5i), is adjustable, and these loops may be held in their adjusted position by any suitable supporting means.
The spacing between the external loops, as well as the length of the transmission line, will control vthe feedback line and its phase.
The form of output to an exterior transmission line or antenna, can be that shown in connection with the hollow body resonator. `The form of output disclosed in the lower left hand portion of 'the second resonator is disclosed to illustrate a possible variation in the form of transmission connections. This output connection is a loop 5l attached to the interior casing of the resonator and has special advantages. This output connection is a loop 5i attached to the interior casing of the "resonator and has a central conductor 52 passing axially through a cylindrical ange 53 of the resonator.' The conductor 52 passing through this cylindrical flange 55 is -enclosed by a tight fitting cylinder copper Insulation 55 is sealed to this copper sheath and fills the open end of the cylinder extension 55. A concentric pipe transmission line or antenna can be connected to the cylindrical flange 53 and the conductor 52.
The particular form of our discharge device permits the use of other materials besides that of copper, which has heretofore been used in such construction. The hollow body resonator can be made of cold rolled steel by symmetrical spinning or other similar strong material which permits resistance welding. In order to make the magnetic and high electrical resistivity of this steel harmless, the current-carrying surfaces can he silver or copper plated. The use of cold rolled steel permits the flexing of the walls without damage.
If it is necessary to utilize adjusting means, such as described in our copending application on Tuning device, above referred to, the use of this steel or `other strong material permits the welding thereto of portions of thecasing of nickel-cobalt-iron alloy, sold under the trade name of Kovar, which is so successful in maintaining a vacuum-tight seal with borosilicate glass. of Kovar is especially adapted for the cylinder l1 and the circular flanges 31, 43 and 53.
This alloy, sold under the trade name' It is apparent that many modifications may be .made in the particular form, structure and combination of the elements disclosed in the preferred embodiment illustrated on the drawing and, accordingly, we desire only such limita.- tions to be imposed upon our invention as is necessitated by the spirit and scope of the following claims.
We claim:
l. A resonator structure comprising a hollowbody resonator having openings therethrough for the passage of electrons, and a 'hollow co1- lector adjacent thereto, said collector being coni cal in shape with its apex at its end remote from said resonator.
2. A discharge device comprising a cathode, a hollow body resonator having entrance and exit openings therethrough for the passage of electrons, an extension of said resonator surrounding said exit openings, said extension having a tapered closed end.
3. A discharge device comprising a cathode, a hollow body resonator having entrance and exit openingsv for electrons, and a conical electron collector having its base completely surrounding the exit openings in said hollow body resonator for preventing lateral escape of electrons which pass through said exit openings.
4. A discharge device comprising a hollow bcdy resonator having openings for the passage of electrons therethrough and an electron collector having its sides constituting an electronintercepting surface of which the part nearest said openings forms an angle of incidence greater than 45 to the path of electrons emerging through said openings that the electrons will not tendtoconcentrate on'a local spot of said collector'and on reflecting therefrom will continue in a generally forward direction.
5. A discharge device comprising a hollow body resonator having two parallel spaced input `and exit openings for the passage of electrons ing an electron-intercepting surface of which the part nearest said openings forms an angle of incidence greater than 45 to the, path of elec,
trons emerging from said resonator that the electrons are scattered over the surface of said collector and on reflecting therefrom will continue in a generally forward direction.
,7. A discharge device comprising av hollow body resonator having two parallel spaced input and exit openings for the passage of electrons therethrough and having a hollow surface collector means, adjacent said resonator, the perimeter of whose cross-section is closed and at a very acute angle to the direction of said electrons as thel7 pass out of the exit opening of said hollow body resonator.
ILIA E. MOUROMTSEFF. GEORGE M. DINNICK.
US362776A 1940-10-25 1940-10-25 Ultra high frequency device with conical collector Expired - Lifetime US2295680A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US362776A US2295680A (en) 1940-10-25 1940-10-25 Ultra high frequency device with conical collector

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US362776A US2295680A (en) 1940-10-25 1940-10-25 Ultra high frequency device with conical collector

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2295680A true US2295680A (en) 1942-09-15

Family

ID=23427485

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US362776A Expired - Lifetime US2295680A (en) 1940-10-25 1940-10-25 Ultra high frequency device with conical collector

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US2295680A (en)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2415253A (en) * 1940-10-24 1947-02-04 Rca Corp Cavity resonator magnetron
US2443907A (en) * 1943-01-11 1948-06-22 Gen Electric High-frequency cavity resonator apparatus
US2445811A (en) * 1941-12-22 1948-07-27 Sperry Corp High-frequency tube structure
US2455269A (en) * 1942-11-17 1948-11-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Velocity variation apparatus
US2462877A (en) * 1942-11-23 1949-03-01 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Electron discharge device
US2486398A (en) * 1943-05-29 1949-11-01 Sperry Corp Velocity modulation device and method
US2508695A (en) * 1944-07-29 1950-05-23 Rca Corp Cavity resonator electron discharge apparatus
US2520383A (en) * 1944-10-18 1950-08-29 Invex Inc Ultra high frequency oscillator
US2532175A (en) * 1944-03-31 1950-11-28 Rca Corp Visible image radio responsive device
US2562319A (en) * 1946-02-18 1951-07-31 John J Livingood Electron discharge device of the cavity resonator type with feedback
US2645739A (en) * 1940-05-24 1953-07-14 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge apparatus
US2710364A (en) * 1949-01-17 1955-06-07 Cie Generale De Telegraphic Sa Cavity resonator magnetron
US2860277A (en) * 1955-09-02 1958-11-11 Hughes Aircraft Co Traveling-wave tube collector electrode
US2875362A (en) * 1956-10-31 1959-02-24 Sylvania Electric Prod Beam collector
FR2201535A1 (en) * 1972-09-28 1974-04-26 Varian Associates

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2645739A (en) * 1940-05-24 1953-07-14 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge apparatus
US2415253A (en) * 1940-10-24 1947-02-04 Rca Corp Cavity resonator magnetron
US2445811A (en) * 1941-12-22 1948-07-27 Sperry Corp High-frequency tube structure
US2455269A (en) * 1942-11-17 1948-11-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Velocity variation apparatus
US2462877A (en) * 1942-11-23 1949-03-01 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Electron discharge device
US2443907A (en) * 1943-01-11 1948-06-22 Gen Electric High-frequency cavity resonator apparatus
US2486398A (en) * 1943-05-29 1949-11-01 Sperry Corp Velocity modulation device and method
US2532175A (en) * 1944-03-31 1950-11-28 Rca Corp Visible image radio responsive device
US2508695A (en) * 1944-07-29 1950-05-23 Rca Corp Cavity resonator electron discharge apparatus
US2520383A (en) * 1944-10-18 1950-08-29 Invex Inc Ultra high frequency oscillator
US2562319A (en) * 1946-02-18 1951-07-31 John J Livingood Electron discharge device of the cavity resonator type with feedback
US2710364A (en) * 1949-01-17 1955-06-07 Cie Generale De Telegraphic Sa Cavity resonator magnetron
US2860277A (en) * 1955-09-02 1958-11-11 Hughes Aircraft Co Traveling-wave tube collector electrode
US2875362A (en) * 1956-10-31 1959-02-24 Sylvania Electric Prod Beam collector
FR2201535A1 (en) * 1972-09-28 1974-04-26 Varian Associates

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2295680A (en) Ultra high frequency device with conical collector
US2200023A (en) Ultra-high-frequency oscillation apparatus
US2304186A (en) Velocity modulated tube
US2353743A (en) High-frequency electronic discharge device
US2309966A (en) Velocity modulated electrical discharge tube
US2283895A (en) Ultra high frequency oscillator
US1979668A (en) Electron discharge device
US2815467A (en) High frequency tube
US2280980A (en) Electron discharge device
USRE22580E (en) Ultra high frequency device with conical collector
US2708727A (en) Helix coupling arrangements
US2418844A (en) Ultra high frequency tube
US2789247A (en) Traveling wave tube
US2476725A (en) Ultra high frequency oscillator device
US2401637A (en) Electron discharge tube
US2321886A (en) Electron discharge device
US2389271A (en) Tank circuit
US2437279A (en) High-power microwave discharge tube
US2331723A (en) Apparatus for generating high frequency oscillations
US3392300A (en) Hollow-beam electron gun with a control electrode
US2775721A (en) Electron discharge devices
US2456861A (en) Generator and cathode construction for electricity of ultra high frequency
US2170657A (en) Electron tube
US2860285A (en) Electron discharge devices
US2423161A (en) Electron discharge device of the plural cavity resonator type