US2293756A - Gas burner - Google Patents

Description

ug. 25, 1942.` H. D. MAcKAYE 2,293,756

GAS BURNER Filed June 21, 1940 Il... :ll l l ll 3 l wir;

INVENTOR.

Hezyrg Mac/ya e.

fBY 5%', M* Wr ATTORNEYS' Patented Aug. 25, 1942 .UNITED STTES- TENT` OFFICE 9 Claims.

The present invention relatesY to a gas burner adapted for burning manufactured or natural gas and is adapted to be operated witha ,blower or other draft-producingdevice for supplying the air thereto which is'neeessary to form a com bustible mixture.

A principal object of the present invention is to provide a gas burner which isadapted to accomplish an eicient combustion of ,gaseous fuels and which isV adaptedto provide at all times a. consistent and substantially uniform combustible mixture ofthe gasfuel andcombustion supporting. air, thereby .achieving a. much higher relative emcency than hasnheretofore been. achieved .in burners ofthistype.

lAnother Object of the inventionis to provideY afgas burner which is Aadapted to be placed inthe combustion chamber of .a1 hot airiurnace, steam boiler, or the like, and which vis adapted to provide an intimate. mixture of the fuel gas. and combustion supporting. air. before combustion takesplace,.the burner being. adapted to preheat thefuelgasbefore. admixing it with the combustion supporting air.

A.further object ofthe invention is to. provide asimplied Vtype of gas burner in which. nozzles, jets,..and.various types of premixingdevicesare eliminated and the .admixture of combustionsupporting air. andthe fuel gas isaccomplished in the potforming. apart ofthe burner, the parts beingsoarranged that both the Vfuel gas-and the combustion supporting air area-preheated prior to v'their admixture to form the combustible mixture.

Another object ofthe inventionV is to provide a gas burner which is readily adapted v`foruse withsimple. types of automatic controls for reg-ulating. the iowV of gas and air to the burner to eiectcombustion of theI fuel gas and the air and thereafter to cut off the quantity of gas and airrequired to support combustion andA topermit onlya small ame, such for example asV a pilot ame, forthe purpose of providing aA low degree of heat and to -assure ignition of the'gas and air mixture when more activel operation of theburner is desired.

Another object of the invention is to provide a gas burner of` relatively simple construction and in` which the combustion supporting airY is delivered to a plurality of fine streams or sprays across the path of 'the incoming-preheated fuel gas supply in the central chamber of the burner, thereby to provide an intimate and homogeneous mixture ofthe fuel gas and combustionsupporting: air.

It is a further object of` the'invention tO-xpIO-e vide a gas-burner which is readily adapted to burn either manufactured lor natural gas without requiringmechanical alterations thereimthe burner proper being self-setting and containing no moving parts.

A still further objectof the-,inventionzis to provide a gaslburner'adapted to beL-placed'inva combustion chamber offafurnace, boiler, or the like, and in which the casing is airfcooled byffthe flow of air through and around the casingwhich is thereafter used for admixture with 1 thez'fuel gas to provide a combustible mixture.

Other objects andadvantages of ithisinvention will appear in the following description; and'appended claims, referencebeing had to, the, accompanying drawing forming a :parti off this specificatiom` wherein like'4 referencexcharacters designate corresponding; parts-` in: the several views,; and-in which:

Fig.- 1 is a top plan View of a:..gas.iburn er embodying the present invention with supply; pipes brokenl away;

Fig. 2 is aside elevation oftheburner. with parts of the outside casing and baleringgbroken away to show the interior construction thereof;

Fig. 3 is an elevation partially in; section showing a burner of the present invention; installed. in the combustion chamber of afurnace.;

Fig. 4 isa View .in perspective ofthe balile. or air distributing ring forming 'a ,part oftheA gas burner ofthe present invention; and

Fig. .5 is an enlarged .fragmentary vertical. section of a part of the Ipot or. memberdening the combustion chamber, and which comprises apart of the gas .burner of thepresent invention.

Before explaining in detail the .present invention it is to be understood :that theeinvention is not limited in its application tothe detailsof construction andarrangement of parts Aillustrated in the accompanying drawing; since the invention is capable of Vother: embodimentsand of being practiced or carried out in various ways.l Also,

it is to be understood that the. phraseo'logy yor terminology employed herein is .for the purpose of description and not of limitation.

Referring to the drawing, the letter 'A- denotes a gas burner which isconstructed of two concentrically disposed cylindrical sheet iron vrings-l and 2, which are suspended centrally within the ou'tervsheet iron casing 3.' The outer casingj forms the casing of -`the burner-proper and is. closed at the bottom. The'` top of the.- casirigis. provided .with 'a flat circular metal .ring-#which may be formed either of a suitable metal casting or from a fabricated steel plate.

Studs 5 are connected with the base plate 6 and the cover ring 4 and the rings I and 2 are clamped therebetween. The ring 4 and the bottom plate 6 are provided with milled slots or grooves 3|] to receive the ends of the rings I and 2 and to hold them tightly in place therein. The ring II is secured to the outer casing 3 by a plurality of depending lugs 8 which are connected to the casing 3 by means of any suitable connecting member, such for example as the set screws 9.

The inner sheet iron ring I has a series of semi-circular grooves I rolled therein about its periphery in spaced vertica1 positions and a plurality of port-s I I are drilled through said grooves I0. The ports I I are relatively small, preferably about sriof an inch in diameter and are drilled at an angle to the horizontal, preferably in a downward direction and at an angle of approximately 45 (Fig. 5). Air, which as hereinafter described is brought into contact with the ring I, is thus distributed through the ring I in a plurality of fine streams or sprays through the ports II and is directed to the interior of the ring I at an angle lso that the streams are directed downwardly and inwardly into the area enclosed by the ring I. Instead of semicircular grooves I0, it is to be understood that other types of grooves, such for example as V-grooves, or the like, may be employed to provide for the delivery of air to the interior of the ring I.

The ring I is preferably formed with an enlarged top portion to provide a shoulder in which a plurality of ports 'I2 (Fig. 5) may be provided. The ports I2 are preferably drilled in such a manner that they extend in an angular direction upwardly toward both the interior and angularly upwardly thereof to form divergent air streams, preferably of about 45, upwardly from the horizontal and from each other. The ports I2 are preferably somewhat larger than the ports II and in a preferred embodiment of the invention where the ports II were :3f of an inch in diameter, the ports I2 were 1/8 of an inch in diameter.

The ring 2 is disposed concentrically between the outer periph-ery of the ring I and the inner surface of the shell 3 and acts as an air baffle ring. As clearly shown in Fig. 4, a plurality of' baffled slots or openings I3 are provided adjacent the lower end of the baille ring 2 and, as there shown, the baiile portions preferably extend from opposite sides of the openings I3 on the opposed sides of the member 2. This cau-ses the incoming air to be baffled and uniformly distributed in a turbulent condition to the chamber formed by the inner ring I and the baie ring 2. If desired, the'slots I3 may be made so as to be readily adjustable as may be desired.

An air intake manifold B is secured to the outer casing 3 and is arranged to deliver at the bottom and in the interior of the casing 3 a suitable supply of air for supporting the combustion. Air is supplied to the manifold B in any preferred manner, as for example from a power-driven blower or fanD (Fig. 3).

Fuel gas is supplied to the burner through the supply pipe C which is suitably connected with any desired source of fuel gas. The gas flows through the supply pipe C and through a preheating coil I4 disposed inside the inner ring I. The preheating coil I4 terminates in a centrally disposed gas distributing head I 5 which is preferably provided with a plurality of radial orices so as to distribute jets or streams of preheated fuel gas in a radial direction inside the ring I. In order to effect combustion inside the ring I, the incoming fuel gas distributed from the gas distributing head I5 is admixed with the air streams or sprays which are directed to the interior of the chamber through the ports I I. This forms a corn bustible mixture which is then ignited in any suitable manner, such for example as by the thermally controlled pilot light I6 (Fig. 1). In 4place of the pilot light I6, any suitable type of ignition may be employed, such for example as electric spark ignition, or the like.

.As shown in Fig. 3, the gas burner of the present invention which is there represented by the letter A, is adapted to be installed in the ash pit of a conventional type furnace and the flames from the burner A are delivered to the furnace combustion `chamber indicated by the letter E. This chamber may be of any conventional type of heatresisting and heat-storage material, such for example as refractory, cast iron, cast steel, or the like. As there shown, air is supplied from the blower or fan D through the manifold B to the burner A and the gas is supplied through the gas supply pipe C to the burner A.

The flow of gas to the interior of the-burner may be controlled in any suitable manner so as to provide a substantially constant pressure at the gas distributing head I5. Conventional types of diaphragm and mechanical gas valves may be placed in the gas supply line 'C'as desired.

Air under pressure is supplied preferably through the motor-driven fan or blower yD and through the manifold to a chamber formed between the bottom of the plate 6 fand the bottom of the outer shell 3. The air being distributed on both sides of the shell 3, travels in two streams, one of which travels in a clockwise direction and the other in a counter-clockwise direction around said shell 3. The louvers provided adjacent the ports I3 in the bailleY 2 intercept a portion of the air flowing in said streams and cause a portion of the air to pass into the chamber formed between the inner ring I and the baffle ring 2. This causes a steady induction of air of measured quantity to this chamber. The air in the chamber formed between the shell 3 and the baiile ring 2 is thus moving in a series of turbulent paths which completely wash the inner face of the shell 3 and the outer face of the baiiie ring 2. Since the shell 3 is exposed to radiant heat within the combustion chamber,

it will normally be heated on the outside, but being Ysubjected to the constant washing of the air streams on the inside, its'temperatur will be maintained at such a point that the burner may be satisfactorily operated when placed in the combustionY chamber in the manner described. The air which is thus used for cooling the interior of the shell 3 becomes heated and is in a heated' condition when delivered to the'chamber formed between the inner ring I and the baffle ring 2. The inner ring I is heated as a result of the combustion of the fuel gas and air. its temperature is reduced by the'turbulentl flow of air in the chamber formed between theinner ring I and the baffle ring 2. f' As has previouslybeen described, the gas distributed from the gas distributing head -I5is preheated priorto its delivery from the distributing head I5 and the combustion supporting Yairldelivered throughthe ports II and I2 in the 'inner ring is likewise preheated. This, -together .with the delivery of air through the large number of' However,

ports provided in the innertring I, causes a turbulent admixture of streams of preheated fuel gas How-ing from the distributing head I withthe combustion supporting vair streams flowing infwardly through the ports II. By providing the ports at different levels vertically within the combustion chamber, it will be seen that the gas and air mixture originally formed adjacent the bottom ofthe chamber is subjected to further infiltration of combustion supporting air as it travels upwardly in the chamber. This causes a further homogenizing of the mixture and at the same time the downwardly inclined paths of the air streams tend to effect a compression of the rising gases and the component mixtures and thus to Yretard their rate of travel vertically. Thus the combustible mixture is subjected to further homogenization so that when it reaches the point oftfinal combustion adjacent the top surface of the burner, a very thorough admixture of combustiongas and combustion supporting Vair has taken place and the mixture burns with an efflcient type of blue llame. For example, with a gas burner of the present invention properly adjusted, a temperature of approximately 1800 F. can be maintained in the ame when the ring 4 is heated to a near cherry red. At from 8 to 10 inches above the burner level, the temperature of the burning gases is approximately 2200 F. Compared to conventional types of burners using comparable amounts of fuel gas, a standard type of pressure burner delivers a temperature of from 1100 to 1200o F., while an atmospheric type burner delivers approximately 900 F. under the same conditions. Thus it will be apparent that the combustion of the fuel gas in a gas burner of the present invention is more e'icient than is the combustion of fuel gas in comparable types of conventional burners.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the chambers formed between the baflle ring 2 and the shell 3, and between the baffle ring 2 and the ring I, are essentially heat-exchanging chambers where heat radiated from the shell 3 and the ring I is absorbed by the air streams which are flowing through these chambers.

I claim:

1. A gas burner comprising a substantially cylindrical pot, a plurality of intercommunicating air supply chambers disposed concentrically around the periphery of said pot, an air duct communicating with said supply chambers, and a plurality of ports arranged to provide communication between the interior of said pot and said supply chambers, said ports being adapted to supply air to said pot, and a gas supply line terminating in a gas distributing head disposed within said pot.

2. A gas burner comprising a fuel mixing pot having a fuel gas supply line terminating in a gas distributing head disposed adjacent the bottom of said pot and located substantially centrally thereof, a plurality of heat-exchange chambers disposed concentrically about the periphery of said pot and having an air inlet communicating therewith and a plurality of air discharge ports extending through the peripheral shell of said pot on a diagonal line inclined downwardly from the horizontal at an angle of approximately 45 to direct a plurality of peripherally disposed jets of air from said heat-exchange chambers downwardly within and radially of said pot to points adjacent said gas distributing head, whereby gas discharged therefrom is admixed with air t0 form a combustible mixture.

V3. VA'gas burner comprising a fuel mixing pot having a fuel sas supply line terminatinsfin a gas distributing head ydisposed,adjacent the b ot.- tom of said pot and located substantially centrally thereof, a plurality of heatrexchange chain-f bers disposed concentrically about the periphery of said pot and having an air inlet communi-A cating therewith and a plurality of 'air discharge ports extending through the peripheralfshell of said pot at a plurality of vertically spaced levels on the peripheral wall of said pot, each of said ports extending on a diagonal line inclineddown-` wardly from the horizontal at an angle of approximately 45 to direct a plurality of peripherally disposed jets of air from said heat-exchange chambers downwardly within and radially of said pot to points adjacent said gas distributing head, whereby gas discharged therefrom is admixed with air to form a combustible mixture.

4. A gas burner comprising a fuel mixing pot having a fuel gas supply line terminating in a gas distributing head disposed adjacent the bottom of said pot and located substantially cene trally thereof, a plurality of baled heat-*exchange chambers disposed conoentrically about the periphery of said pot to effect a turbulent ow of air through said chambers from the air inlet communicating therewith, and a plurality of air discharge ports communicating with said heatexchanging chambers and terminating adjacent the interior of said pot whereby a flow of cooling air is maintained in heat-exchange relation in said chambers and is heated thereby prior to its admixture with the fuel gas to form a combustible mixture.

5. A gas burner comprising a fuel mixing pot having a fuel gas supply line terminating in a gas distributing head disposed adjacent the bottom of said pot and located substantially centrally thereof, a plurality of heat-exchange cham. bers disposed concentrically about the periphery of said pot and having an air inlet communicating therewith and a plurality of air discharge ports extending through the peripheral shell of said pot on diagonal lines inclined downwardly from the horizontal at an angle of approximately 45 to direct a plurality of peripherally disposed jets of air from said heat-exchange chambers downwardly within and radially of said pot to points adjacent said gas distributing head whereby gas discharged therefrom is admixed with air to form a combustible mixture, said gas supply line including a heat-absorbing section disposed within said pot whereby gas passing to said distributing head is heated prior to its discharge therefrom.

6. A gas burner comprising a fuel mixing pot having a fuel gas supply line terminating in a gas distributing head disposed adjacent the bottom of said pot and located substantially centrally thereof, a plurality of heat exchange chambers disposed concentrically about the periphery of said pot and having an air inlet communicating therewith and a plurality of air discharge ports extending through the peripheral shell of said pot on a diagonal line inclined downwardly from the horizontal to direct a plurality of peripherally disposed jets of air from said heat exchange chambers downwardly within and radially of said pot to points adjacent said gas distributing head, whereby gas discharged therefrom is admixed with air to form a combustible mixture.

7. A gas burner comprising a fuel mixing pot having a fuel gas supply line terminating in a gas distributing head disposed Within said pot,

a plurality of heat exchange chambers' disposed concentrically about the periphery of said pot and having an air inlet communicating thereof said pot, whereby fuel gas discharged from said gas distributing head is mixed with air to form a combustible mixture.

8. A gas burner comprising a fuel mixing pot having a fuel gas supply line terminating in a gas distributing head disposed within said pot, a plurality of air supply chambers disposed concentrically about the periphery of said pot and having an air inlet communicating therewith, a plurality of air discharge ports extending through a wall of said pot, said ports being arranged to provide communication between the interior of said pot and said chambers and being arranged to direct a plurality of air streams from said chambers within and substantially radially of said pot, whereby fuel gas discharged from said gas distributing head is admixed with air to form a combustible mixture, at least one of said ali* supply chambers lying closely adjacent the walls of said pot and comprising at heat exchange chamber wherein the air is heated prior to its admixture with the fuel gas.

9. A gas burner comprising a fuel mixing pot having a fuel gas supply line terminating in a gas distributing head disposed within said pot; said gas supply line including a heat absorbing section also disposed within said pot whereby gas passing to said distributing head is heated prior to its discharge therefrom, a plurality of heat exchange chambers disposed concentrically about the periphery of said pot and having an air inlet communicating therewith, and a plurality of air discharge ports extending through a Wall of said pot, said ports being arranged to provide communication between the interior of said pot and said chambers and being arranged to direct a plurality of air streams from said chambers within and substantially radially of said pot, whereby fuel gas discharged from said gas distributing head is admixed with air to form a combustible mixture.

HENRY D. MACKAYE.

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