US2293003A - Yarn structure - Google Patents

Description

5 1942- A. s. HUNTER 2,293,003

YARN STRUCTURE Filed Oct. 8,1941 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY 1942. A. s. HUNTER,

YARN STRUCTURE 4 sheets-sheet 2 Filed Oct. 8, 1941 ii illi 'li 'li l llfiiliii l l' ATTOQNEY 1942- A. s. HUNTER vYARN STRUCTURE Filed Oct; 8, 1941 4 Shets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR Archibald 511.1 art Hunler' WA'OA ATTORNEY 11, 1942- A. s. HUNTER 4 2,293,003

YARN STRUCTURE Filed Oct. 8, 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR Archibald. ETuarT Hunter ATTORNEY Patenteil Aug. 11, 1942 2,293,003 man s'rauoroan Archibald Stuart nimm, Kenmore, N. r. as-

signor'to E. I du Pont. de Nemours & Com

Wilmingto n, Del., a corporation of Delaware Application October 8, 1941, Serial N0. 414,108 Claims. (Ci. 57-440) The present invention relates to a new yarn structure, and to a new process and apparatus for the production of said new yarn structure. More particularly, the invention relates to the production of a yarn composed of artificial filaments and comprising compact. bunches or nubs of entangled filaments intermittently severed in the yarn and anchored to unsevered filaments of the yarn. v

This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending application serial No. 299,170, filed October 12,1939. It is the purpose and object of the present invention to produce a yarn comprising at intervals along the length'thereof severed and unsevered filaments, the severed filament ends being gathered into compact bunches.

It is another purpose and object of the present invention to produce a yarn composed of substantially uniform denier artificial filaments which yarn will, however, have a non-uniform denier.

It is the further purpose and object of this invention to produce a yarn composed of relatively long artificial filaments, which yarn will contain compactly gathered bunches or nubs of entangled filaments which have been severed from a continuous filament yarn, the bunches or nubs being anchored and entwined to unsevered filaments of the yarn.

It is another object of this invention to pro= duce a yarn composed of relatively long artificial filaments of substantially uniform denier, which yarn will contain compactly gathered bunches or nubs of entangled filaments, which have been severed from a continuous filament yarn, the

bunches or nu'bs being anchored and entwined to unsevered filaments of the yarn; and in which the several filaments at one section of the yarn will be the unsevered filaments at another section of the yarn.

It is furthermore an object of the present invention to provide a suitable process and apparatus for the production of yarn structures of the type referred to above.

In accordance with the present invention the novel yarn structure, above described, can be produced from yarns composed of continuous artificial filaments by a process comprising, in general, the following two essential steps:

1. Periodically abrading the yarn, that is, cutting, tearing or otherwise severing, (herein comprehended by the term abrading) at intervals along the yarn, a small number of the continuous filaments of which the yarn is composed.

2. Gathering or collecting, and entangling, the severed ends of the filaments into compact bunches 0r nubs which are securely anchored to the remaining unsevered filaments of the yarn.

Several modifications of apparatus suitable for use in accordance with the cut invention are shown in the accompanying illustrations. The following detailed description, when taken in connection with the accompanying illustrations, will serve to disclose, in detail, the various features of the present invention. The specifically described and illustrated forms and modifications of apparatus and process are not,

however, to be considered as limiting the invention thereto.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic, perspective view of one form of apparatus suitable for use in accordance with this invention.

Figure 2 is a diagrammatic, perspective view of a modified form of apparatus shown in Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a perspective view of one form of periodic yarn abrading mechanism.

Figure 4 is a diagrammatic top plan view of the apparatus shown in Figure 3.

Figure 5 is a side elevational view of a portion of the apparatus shown in Figure 3.

Figures 6 and 7 are various modified forms of yarn guiding means for use in an abrading device of the type shown in Figure 3.

Figure 8 is a side elevational view of another migdified form of periodic yarn abrading mechan m.

Figure 9 is atop Figure 8.

Figure 10 is a diagrammatic side elevational view of still another form of periodic yarn abradin'g mechanism together with a severed filament gathering or collecting mechanism.

Figure 11 is a modified form of a severed filament gathering mechanism.

Figure 12 isa diagrammatic side elevational view of a periodic yarn abrading mechanism with means for guiding the yarn along a suitable path during the periodic abrasion or severing of some of the yarn filaments.

Figure 13 is a diagrammatic front elevational view of a portion of the apparatus shown in Figure 12.

Figure 14 is an enlarged side elevational detailed view of the abrading cutter shown in Figure 12.

Figure 15 is a front elevational ure 14.

Figures 16 and 17 are, respectively, side and front elevational views of a modified form of the cutter shown in Figures 14 and 15. I

Figure 18 is a photolithographic drawing of a series of yarns in which some filaments have been severed, and severed and bunched.

The accompanying photolithographic drawings show the contrasting appearance of a yarn in which a few filaments are severed from the yarn at intervalsalong the length thereof, and

principles of the presview of Figsecurely anchored to The yarn 33 is drawn ing. apparatus shown in Fi re a similar yarn in which the severed filaments have been entangled and gathered into bunches the remaining unsevered filaments.

Referring to Figure ence numeral 3| designates a cone 1 of the drawings, referor bobbin of yarn composed of continuous artificial filaments.

from the cone 3 I, through yarn guides 35 and 31, and between springpressed tension plates 39 and 4|. The yarn is then passed through'yarn guides '43, 45 and 41. A' rotating abrading or filament-severing mechanism 49 is positioned adjacent the traveling yarn between-guides 4 3 and 45. Theabrading or severing element 5| of the abrading mechanism 49 rotates about the shaft 53. tion of the element 5|, the latter is forced into periodic contact with the yarn and breaks, tears or cuts a number of the continuous filaments of the yarn at intervals along the yarn.

The abraded yarn is guided through a filament Upon rotagathering or collecting mechanism by means of I guides 41 and 55. The filament gathering mechanism comprises a plurality of sets of rollers 51, 51; 59, 59; 6|, BI; and 63, 63. Each of these rollers is provided with a covering of a resilient, yieldable material such as plush, pile carpet material, soft felt or the like on the external periphery thereof. Each set of rollers is mounted for rotation on parallel shafts with the external peripheral faces in alignment with each other. The two rollers of each set are so spaced from each other that the resilient covering material on the external surfaces of the two rollers will be in definite contact with each other and, therefore,

in contact with the yarn which is made to pass between them. If desired, a suitable yarn guide .such as shown at 41 and may be positioned between each set of rollers.

Some of the rollers will be rotated to cause the' resilient covering thereon to rub along the yarn in the direction ofmovement of the yarn, and others of the rollers will be rotated to cause the resilientcovering thereon to rub along the yarn in a direction counter to the movement of the yarn. The severed filament ends are thereby Shirred, rolled, pushed or otherwise gathered or collected, and entangled into a compact, well anchored bunch or 'nub between the remaining unsevered filaments. Preferably the rollers are rotated in thedirection of the arrows shown thereon in the drawings. In this way alternate sets'of rollerscause rubbing on the yarn in opposite directions along the moving yarn.

The yarn, after passing through guide 55, is

4 passed .through guide and is then wound on a The yarn winding mechabe provided with a yarn traversing mechanism (not shown) to wind the yarn in even and uniform layers on to the bobbin.

In the modified form of abrading and collect- 2 of thedrawings, the continuous filament yarn 33 is drawn from the cake or cone 3|, passed through yarn guide 10, and thence through a conventional washboard tensioning device 12 and yarn guides 14 and 16. A yarn abrading wheel 18 is positioned between yarn guides 14 and 16. The abrading wheel rotates on shaft 88, the direction of rotation being either in the direction of travel of the yarn or in the opposite direction. The wheel 18 is provided with external periphery of the wheel. The element 82 may consist of any device or material, for exambobbin or spool 51. nismwill, of course,

ple, sandpaper or einery cloth, which will sever an abrading element 82 on the only a limited I05 is preferably positioned number of the filaments of the yarn when passed into contact with the latter. The element 82 is positioned on the wheel 18 to project from the wheel axis a greater distance than the other external peripheral portions of the wheel. The abraded yarn is then passed over guide rollers 84 and 86 and thence through yarn guides 88 and 90. Y

Between guides 88 and 98, the yarn is subjected to a brushing or rubbing action by a filament gathering or collecting mechanism. The filament gathering or collecting mechanism comprises two reciprocating members 92 and 94. Member 92 is provided with a yieldable, resilient brushing material 96 on the side which faces. member 94. Similarly, member 94 is provided with a brushing material 98 on the side facing member 92. The abraded yarn is passed between themembers 92 and 94 these members are then rapidly reciprocated in unison, first in one direction and then in the opposite direction with the yieldable, resilient brushing material of both members in contact with the yarn. The severed ends of the filaments are accumulated and entangled in a compact bunch or nub and are securely anchored to the unsevered filaments by the action of the members 92 and 94 on the abraded yarn. The yarn is then wound ona bobbin IIIIl in a conventional manner.

Figures 3, 4 and .5 illustrate another form of abrading mechanism which can conveniently be used to periodically abrade a continuous filament yarn while imparting twist to or removing twist from the latter. In this form of mechanism the yarn 33 is drawn from the yarn package 3| as the latter is being rotated to cause the yarn to balloon. A plurality of abrading or filament severing elements I03 ispositioned in the normal path of the ballooning yarn. These abrading elements cause a severing of a few filaments of the yarn at spaced intervals along the length thereof. To prevent the yarn 33 from whipping and becoming entangled, a cylindrical member within the normal ballooning path of the yarn, as illustrated. Instead of the cylindrical member I a frustoconical member I01 or a semi-spherical member I89 such as shown respectively in Figures 6 and 7 may be used. The normal ballooning path of the yarn and. the way in which the abrading mem-* bers I03 deflect the yarn from this normal path are illustrated in Figure 4. This .type of device has particular utility where the abrading of-the yarn filaments and the gathering and collecting of the yarn filaments are combined with a yarn twisting operation.

Figures 8 and 9 illustrate a modified form of by abrading members III attached to the top v edge of a cylindrical member II1, which in turn is attached to the flange of the spool H3. The spool I I3 is rotated by means of spindle I I5 which causes the thread to balloon against the abrading members I I I. This modification causes an abrasion of the yarn from the inside of the yarn balloon in a device which combines a twisting of the yarn with the abrading and compacting of the filaments.

Figure 10 illustrates a slightly modified form of yarn abrading and filament gathering, en-

tangling and compacting mechanism. In this device the yarn 33, under tension, is passed against yarn guides |2I and I23. A leaf spring 5 member I25, tipped with an abrading element- I21, intermittenly contacts the yarn as it passes between guides III and I23. The leaf spring member I25 is forced out of contact with the yarn by means of a striker bar I29 fastened to reciprocating member I3I. The abraded yam then passes between members II and I33 which are reciprocated in unison with eachother. The members I3l and I33 are provided with'spaced, yieldable, resilient brushing pads I35 which push or shirr and entangle the severed ends of the filaments into a compact bunch which is ancnoredtolhsunsevered filaments. Pads I35 are provided on both sides of members I 3| and I33, so that these members may be turned when one side becomes worn.

Figure 11 illustrates another modified ,form of filament gathering or collecting mechanism. In this form of device a plurality of spaced, yieldable, resilient pads I35 is attached to the links of a pair of chains I31. The chains I31 travel about rotating sprocket Wheels I39. One chain is positioned on each side of the traveling yarn 33, and the sections of the two chains adjacent to the yarn are preferably made to travel in opposite directions. The chain traveling in the direction of movement of the yarn may have a greater or lesser speed than the chain moving counter to the direction of travel of the yarn. The latter chain may, in fact, be substantially stationary or even move very slowly in the same direction as the former.

Figures 12 to 15 show an intermittent yarn abrading mechanism in which the abrading element MI is fastened to rotating supporting member I43. The supporting member I43 is mounted on a rotating shaft I45. The element MI is fastened to member I43 between clamping elements in any desired manner. The element I 4|, when the supporting member is rotated, intermittently passes into contact with the yarn and, as a consequence, tears or cuts a number of filaments of the yarn. In this modification it is preferred that the yarn be made to travel along a line which makes a substantial angle, for example, 20 to 50, with the face of the cutter so as to prevent the slipping of the filaments from the abrading element without severing the same.

Figures 16 and 17 show a modified form of device in which the abrading element comprises a fine-toothed metal element Ml which is adapted for main 8. device of the construction shown in Figures 13 and 14. The fine teeth, when passed against the yarn, pick out a number of filamentsand sever the same upon continued rotation of element M1.

The photolithographic drawing, Figure 18, illustrates a yarn in which a few filaments of the yarn have been intermittently severed but in which the severed filaments have not been gathered into bunches or nubs. This figure also shows the novel appearance of a yarn in which a' few filaments have been periodically severed and the severed filament ends gathered or collected, and entangled in compact bunches or nubs which are securely anchored to the remaining unsevered filaments.

The following specific example is given to illustrate the procedural steps of the process of this invention as applied to a particular yarn:

Example 2000 to 3000 R. PcM. to make an abrading that of the abraded and collected filament yarn Regenerated cellulose yarn produced by the viscose processrhaving 3 turns per inch twist, and composed of 100 filaments of one denier each, is passed through suitable tensioning and guiding grams on the yarn between guides 43 and 45 as shown in Figure 1 of the drawings. under tension, traveling at a rate of 6000 inches per minute, is passed adjacent a suitable abrading mechanism which is rotated at a speed of and, therefore, is adapted contact with the yarn at spaced intervals of 2 to 3 inches. Each abrading contact of the abrading element with the yarn is adapted to sever a portion of the filaments, for example, from 10 to'40 or more. The abraded yarn is then passedobetween a plurality of pairs of pile carpet-covered gathering or collecting rolls, each pair of rolls being positioned on opposite sides of the traveling yarn as shown in Figure 1 of the drawings; All of the rolls are rotated at a linear peripheral speed of approximately 21,000 inches per minute. The direction of rotation of both of the first pair of rolls is such as to brush the yarn in the direction of travel of the latter. Both of the second pair of rolls are rotated in a direction to brush the thread counter to the direction of travel thereof. The third and fourth pairs of rolls are, respectively, duplicates, as to direction of rotation, of the first and second pairs of rolls.

The abraded and brushed yarn, produced as a result of this treatment, contains, at spaced intervals of 2to 3 inches, nubs or bunches of compact, severed, entangled filament ends which are securely anchored to and entwined with unsevered filaments. The appearance is similar to The yarn shown in the photolithographic figure, Figure 18, of the drawin s.

As will clearly appear from the various specific embodiments of the invention illustrated, many types and kinds of abrading devices can I be utilized in accordance with the present invention. The contact of the yarn with the abrading surface should, however, be intermittent. abrading surface may be brought into contact with the yarn by any suitable reciprocating, oscillating, rotating or similarly functioning mechanism which will operate to bring the two into contact with each other intermittently.

The most satisfactory severing means coinprises certain types of abrading devices embody ing the idea of periodically forcing relatively sharp abrading surfaces into the tensioned yarn which is traveling relative to the abrading sur face. Surfaces having projecting points, such as carborundum stone, diamond dust or a garnet impregnated surface, sandpaper, a plurality of needle points, teasle, garnet wire, carding cloth elements, etc., serve this purpose very satisfactorily. Fine toothed saw blades having more than 10, and preferably from 10 to 50, teeth per inch are admirably suited for this purpose. It is furthermore preferred that the saw blades have straight-face, no-set teeth. By straight-face, no-set teeth is meant that the teeth all lie in substantially the sam plane and the faces of the teeth approaching the yarn have no hooks and are substantially straight. It is to be understood, however, that while certain types of abrasive or projecting surfaces are preferred, other severing means may be used. For instance, more or less sharp continuous cutting edges may be used, providing the number of filaments severed are a fractional number of the filaments at any one point along the yarn.

The speed of the yarn, the tension on the yarn, the frequency with which the yarn contacts the The .gathering or collecting surfaces may,

discrete,'well-anchored nubs. As many as 10 or more points of severance per inch of yarn may be made, but generally not more than 2 or 3 outs per inch are desired. One out every 2 or 3 inches along the yarn is preferred; however, one cut every 5 or inches of yarn has been found to be satisfactory for many purposes, depending on the character of the fabric to be made. When the points of abrasion are comparatively far apart, for example, 5 or more inches, it is important that the time of contact between the abrasion means and the yarn be comparatively short to prevent the formation of a pluraltiy of nubs between points of abrasion. The time of contact of the abrading element can be shortened in any desired manner such as by decreasing the diameter, of the abrading roll, increasing the speed, etc.

An intermittent roughening -of the yarn by abrading during the'ballooning of the yarn on both uptwisters and downtwisters where the abrasive cutting is substantially at right angles to the movement of the yarn has been found to be quite satisfactory. The abrading elements positioned about the circular path of the balloon normally should be few, for example, not more than 3 or 4, depending on the circumference of the ballooning circle and the amount of twist being inserted in the yarn, so that the yarn will not be very noticeably fuzzed. Because of the fluctuating balloon size on a ring twister as the ring rail rises and falls, abrading on an uptwister is preferred if a high degree of uniformity is desired, or a stabilizing device may be employed to make the diameter of the balloon more constant than is characteristic of some standard ring twisting equipment.

Likewise, the broken, torn or otherwise severed filament ends may be brushed, rolled, shirred or otherwise gathered or collected, and entangled,

to form a compact bunch or nub which is securely anchored to the unsevered filaments by innumerable types and designs of apparatus. It is: only necessary that the yarn contacting surfaces of the gathering or collecting device have sufficient resiliency and yieldability to permit their forcing of the filament ends into a compact bunch without materially damaging the unsevered filaments.

It is preferred, in order to obtain a yarn having firm, compact, and securely anchored nubs or bunches, to employ apparatus in which the gathering or collecting surfaces move along the yarn in both directions along its length. The however, be moved in such a way as to brush across the path ofyarn travel. The hubs or bunches thus formed along the yarn will generally be located intermediate the points at which the filaments are severed.

By moistening the yarn with water or aqueous or non-aqueous finishes, textile dopes, etc., in the course of collection of the nubs, still further improvement in the product can be obtained and the nubs are thus prevented from loosening during subsequent textile handling.

Preferably, the speed of movement of the anchored nubs is improved. The resi1iz:;t,,;;ieluable surfaces of the gathering or collecting devices may be continuous or discontinuous.

The yarn contacting surfaces when used in the collection of the severed filament ends may be any suitable material which will cause the filament ends to be pushed and entangled backward or forward into nubs. A resilient, non-packing surface is preferred, such as certain types of pile fabrics, for instance, broadloom carpet, wool pelt, flannel, felt, etc., although short bristle brushes, providing the bristles are not too hard and stiff, roughened soft rubber or sponge rubber, or other spongy or opened surface materials can be used satisfactorily,-

The yarn produced in accordance with this invention is illustrated pictorially on the photo lithographic figure, Figure 18, of the drawings. It is to be noted that the severed filament ends have been entangled and collected and the yarn has retained the general appearance of a continuous filament yarn except for the nubs themselves. This is entirely different from the woolly yarns produced heretofore. The average length of the filaments in the yarn is at least one yard, and in general several yards in length. As a result of the long filaments in the yarn, the strength retained in the nubby yarnrof the present invention is generally about 60% to its original strength,

As previously pointed out, only relatively few filaments, that is, less than 50% and preferably from 10% to 30% of the filaments in the yarn, are severed each time the yarn contacts the severing member, and ofthe severed filaments, at least a few filaments continue on several feet before they are severed again. It is, therefore, possible to gather and entangle by rolling, sliding or shirring, backward and/ forward along the yarn, the filament ends to form relatively compact filamentous bunches of nubs that are exceedingly well anchored, since the other ends of the filaments which are severed extend well along the yarn and serve as anchorage for the filamentous collection. Inasmuch as thenubs are formed by piling up the filament ends from both sides of the nub, it is anchored in two directions, and numerous textile tests have proved the anchorage sufficient to withstand the usual operations involved in making a fabric. These and other nubs purposely formed and spaced in accordance with this invention are in sharp con-. trast to fluff balls sometimes encountered in yarns due to the accidental accumulation of one or more broken filaments which easilylslip along the yarn and are easily removed therefrom by cutting.

Because this yarn is preferably made from uniform denier yarn, the hub portions are just 'ness, and excellent draping qualities.

ample, 10, 15, inches or more, if desired.

The length of the nub may vary widely but generally from 1 inch to inch or more. Furthermore, the nubs may be spaced a uniform distance from each other or they, may be spaced at greatly varying distances from each other.

The invention may additionally be applied to continuous filament yarns wherein the filaments are non-uniform in denier to further increase the variety of novelty yarns. If the severing and collecting steps are so regulated, still greater variations in denier may be produced on yarns already varying as much as 1000% or more, or by means of this invention filamentous nubs may be interspaced between the. nodes or blobs al-- ready contained in the yarn.

The inventionis applicable to all types of continuous filament yarns, such as cellulosic yarns made from viscose, cuprammonium cellulose,

' cellulose esters, for instance, cellulose acetate,

cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, mixed esters such as cellulose acetopropionate or cellulose aceto-butyrate, cellulose others such as methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, or glycol cellulose or cellulose ether-esters; or continuous filament yarns produced from casein or other proteins, or from synthetic polymers or resins such as polyvinyl acetals, thermoplastic filaments such as vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride or polymers of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride, ethyl methacrylate, styrene, polythene, polyvinyl formal, synthetic linear polymers such as nylon, and the like, and natural silk. The yarn may be of any size and composed-of very fine filaments such as one denier or less, or of larger filament sizes such as 2 to 4 denier or more. For instance; viscose rayon yarns of the following sizes and filament count: 75 denier-40filament, 100 denier-100 filament, 100 denier-60 filament, 150 denier-60 filament, and 250 denier-150 filament, lend themselves admirably to the process of this invention.

This invention can be applied simply and cheaply to modify any uniform denier continuous filament yarn, whether wound in the form of cones, spools or other finished package, or in the form-of bucket or bobbin cakes or twister spools, or other preliminarily wound packages. The variability of this process to produce any desired pattern of nubby yarn adds greatly to its utility and since the invention isapplicable to all sorts of continuous filamentary yarns, this affords additional manipulation of fabric construction to produce, for example, unusual coloring or cross dyeing effects.

The yarn produced in accordance with this invention is admirably suited for the fabrication of high quality, fine weight, novelty fabrics possessing an excellent hand, very attractive appearance, and good draping qualities.

Such fabricsv have a very pleasing, refined appearance, and a desired sheerness which has heretofore been impossible without sacrificing the novelty efiect. The yarn of this invention may be used either in the filling or warp, or in both, in the production of woven goods, or as a knitting yarn. rAS a filling yarn for crepe fabrics, this yarn serves admirably and noticeably enriches the fabric.

The nubby yarn produced by means of this invention may be plied, as by twisting the same together with one or more continuous filaments or spun yarns of the same type, for example, viscose rayon nubby yarn plied with uniform denier continuous filament viscose rayon yarn. In addition, the nubby yarn of this invention may be combined in any suitable way with one or more yarns of another type, for instance, by combining the nubby viscose rayon yarn with a continuous filament cellulose acetate yarn, or by combining two or more of these nubby yarns, one of which may be viscose rayon and the other cellulose acetate. The mixed yarns may be used in the preparation of woven or knitted fabrics or in conjunction with other yarns in woven fabrics; e. g., in either warp or filling. Additional novel effects may be obtained by using this nubby yarn and other types of yarn intermittently in either the warp or filling, or both, or by feeding different yarns in alternation into the knitting machine.

Since many changes and modifications can be made in the above-described details without departing from the nature and spirit of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is 'not to be limited except as set forth in the appended claims. I

I claim:

1. A yarn composed of artificial filaments and containing, alternately along the length of the yarn, sections of substantially parallel filaments and nubs composed of compact bunches of filaments gathered and entangled within the substantially parallel filaments, the bunched filaments of one of the nubs being the substantially parallel filaments of another of said nubs.

2. A yarn composed of artificial filaments and containing, alternately along the length of the yarn, sections of substantially parallel filaments and nubs composed of compact bunches of filaments gathered and entangled within the substantially parallel filaments, the bunched filaments of one of the nubs being "the substantially parallel filaments of another of said nubs, the bunched filaments comprising less than 50% of the filaments of said nubs.

3. A yarn composed of artificial filaments and containing, alternately along the length of the yarn, sections of substantially parallel filaments and nubs composed of compact bunches of filaments gathered and entangled within the substantially parallel filaments, the bunched filaments of one of the nubs being the substantially of claim 1.

ARCHIBALD STUART HUNTER.

,Patent-No. 2,295,005.

CERTIFICATE or CORRECTION. v

August 9 2- 411cm STUART HUNTER.

' It' is hereby cp'rtifled that error appears in the printed apecifipation or the above mmbered patent requiring orreetion'as follows: Page 1. first column, line 59, for 'a'bira-U-rea-d -aevered-- 118-5611., second colfmnn, line 51, for "and/ torward' read. --'-a.nd/c r fdrward--; and tbat the said; Letter; Pat ent should b '-re ad with this corretion thereiz} that the same may conform to the record -of the case in the Pat'ent Office.

' Signed. and ae aled this 29th day or SepteinberQA. n; 19!;2.

. Henry van Aradale, (Seal)- Acting Comisaioner or Peltenta.

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