US2292859A - X-ray tube - Google Patents

X-ray tube Download PDF

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Publication number
US2292859A
US2292859A US376633A US37663341A US2292859A US 2292859 A US2292859 A US 2292859A US 376633 A US376633 A US 376633A US 37663341 A US37663341 A US 37663341A US 2292859 A US2292859 A US 2292859A
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United States
Prior art keywords
target
cathode
rays
ray beam
tube
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Expired - Lifetime
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US376633A
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English (en)
Inventor
Allibone Thomas Edward
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Publication date
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details

Definitions

  • TTBOT as B. Al I ibone, 5.2M A1313 0 rney ⁇ Sheets-Sheet 2 lnvento? Attorney 0000000000 oooooopooo oooooooooo l l l l o o Thomas BAIIibone,
  • This invention relates to X-ray tubes and concerns target or anti-cathode arrangements therefor.
  • the X-rays utilised for treatment are those which leave thefront surface of the target or anti-cathode, that is to say the surface thereof on which the cathode ray beam impinges.
  • a transmission type of target has been incorporated.
  • Such a target is comparatively thin so that as its name implies X-rays' generated near its front surface can be utilised after being transmitted through the target.
  • The-present invention on the one hand makes available such increased intensity and penetrating power, and on the other hand enables the transmitted beam to be caused to emerge atydifferent angles with respect to the-cathodebeam' in tubes which will normally be bulky; heavy and substantially immobile, so that the same degree mission target or anti-cathode together with means by which the cathode ray beam, in the neighbourhood .of the target, can be deflected from its normal direction to at least one other direction, the target moreover being curved or shaped so that the cathode rays in the non-deflected and the deflected positions fall approximately at right-angles upon the front surface of the target.
  • the aforesaid target which is formed of a metal of high' atomic number or is plated on its front face withisuch a metal; a shield such as of lead orother 'X -ray absorbent material, which shield has an opening within which is the evacuated tube through. which passes'the undeflected portion; of the cathode ray beam on its way. from the cathode to the target.
  • Said shield moreover has a plurality of apertures through which the transmitted'X-rays can emerge in accordance with the condition. of the deflection of the cathode ray beam. Or,'alternatively, there may be a single aperture for the emerging X-ray beam Whilst the shield is rotatable.
  • Means for variably deflecting the cathode ray beam may comprise a magnetic winding which may-behoused within a cavity in the aforesaid shield"; in close proximity to that end of the evacuated envelope'at which is disposed the aforesaid curved transmission type target or. anticathode.
  • the target may consist of sheet metal bent to cylindrical or approximately cylindrical form and having its open ends closed by discsv of metal.
  • an evacuated drum-shaped chamber from which there extends radially the evacuated tube through which pass into the chamber the undeflected cathode rays from the X-ray tube cathode.
  • the aforesaid cylindrical transmission target isupreferably surrounded by another cylindrical member with flanges so as to form around the target a jacket through which cooling fluid can pass; 'Ihe flat discs or side faces of the drumshaped' chamber may be similarly jacketed for cooling purposes.
  • the deflecting coil may comprisetwo parts one on each side of the drumshaped chamber, and if desired iron may be associated'with such two parts of the solenoid to assist inproducing the field strength requisite for deflection.
  • the surrounding X-ray shield member may also be in the form of a'drum-shaped member having the internal cavity and also the apertures as aforesaid.
  • Saidshield conveniently consists of a Welded steel chamber filled with lead or lead shot ticularly with respect to the aforesaid evacuated tube through which the undeflected cathode rays pass towards the anti-cathode chamber or drum.
  • a tube having a closed end, fixed radially with its open end communicating with the drum-shaped chamber, at an angle, conveniently of 90 to the aforesaid tube through which the undeflected rays pass to the drum-shaped chamber.
  • Such arrangement provides a useful means of disposing of the cathode ray beam when the X-rays are not required since said additional tube attachment may have the cathode rays deflected into it and may be made of metal having a relatively low atomic weight and may be relatively conveniently surrounded by sufficient lead or other X-ray shielding material.
  • This tube should be fluid-jacketed and long enough to allow the desired thickness of shielding lead or the like to be placed around it. With this arrangement, moreover, it will be appreciated that the X-ray beam may be utilised for treatment over an angle of, say, 120 or even as much as 180".
  • Deflection of the beam may be, as previously, by means of a solenoid which, again, is mounted in the shield, which in this case may be externally substantially cubical, said shield being so mounted that it may be rotated as desired through two axes which are at right-angles to each other and pass through the centre of the spherical evacuated anti-cathode chamber.
  • the shield may be provided with a single conical aperture for emergence of the X-ray beam. Then, it will be appreciated, the emergent X-ray beam may, within limits, be directed to any desired angle by merely moving the universally mounted shield which has the deflecting solenoid fixed in the cavity therein.
  • the amount of deflection depends both on the strength of the magnetic deflecting field and on the voltage applied to the X-ray tube. If this voltage is constant the beam will be homogeneous and the deflected spot will be a little larger than the undeflected spot. If, however, the voltage is not constant the beam will be spread out into a velocity spectrum, and it will then be possible by rotation of the surrounding lead shield to select the X-rays from the region of the least deflected cathode rays. Thus the selected X-ray beam will be more penetrating than would be the beam from the undeflected cathode rays, and such may be advantageous.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of one form of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of that form taken at right angles, the target being of drum shape.
  • Figure 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 showing a modification wherein the target is spherical.
  • Fig. 4 is an elaboration of Fig. 3 showing certain details of structure which are omitted in Fig. 3.
  • FIG. 1 At I is shown the cylindrical target closed by end discs 2 and sursounded by the cooling jacket 3 having parts 4 and 5 whilst at 6 is shown the tube down which the cathode rays pass into the drum I, 2.
  • the shield member surrounding the latter is shown at I. This has the X-ray port 8 and the slot 9 to permit the shield member being rotated about the axis of the drum-shaped chamber I, 2.
  • Fig. 2 Within the cavity of the shield member I are shown in Fig. 2 the two portions of the deflecting solenoid I0.
  • FIG II (Fig. 1) is shown the optionally provided tube into which the cathode ray beam may be deflected when, though the X-ray tube may be still excited, the X-rays are temporarily not required.
  • the curved lines I2 (Fig. 1) are indicative of how the cathode ray beam I3 may be varyingly deflected within the drum I, 2 by appropriate excitation of the solenoid I0.
  • Fig. 3 only differs from that illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2 in that the target I a. and its cooling jacket 30. are spherical, whilst the shield member la is cubical, with a cubical cavity within which latter are the two parts of the solenoid I0.
  • the combination of the shield Ia and the enclosed target structure forms the equivalent of a ball and socket arrangement adapted to permit rotary motion of the shield about mutually perpendicular axes.
  • the limits of such motion are set, of course, by the size of the shield opening 8a, and it may be desirable in some cases to make this opening considerably larger than in the arrangement illustrated.
  • Fig. 4 which is in efiect an elaboration of Fig. 3.
  • the cooling jacket I3 which surrounds the spherical target II is in contact with conventional friction reducing means (e. g. ball bearings I4) which also bear upon a cooperatively positioned part I5 of the shielding structure I6.
  • Handles I! mounted on the shielding structure make it possible for an operator grasping the handles to rotate the shielding structure and the enclosed deflecting coils I9 about the target.
  • Rotation about an axis B assumed perpendicular to the drawing, may obviously beaccomplished by downward pressure on either of the handles I1, I1.
  • Rotation about the axis AA (perpendicular to B) may be produced, on the other hand, by pulling or pushing on both handles concurrently.
  • an X-ray tube having a stationary cathode adapted to serve as the source of a cathode ray beam, a stationary target with at least two materially displaced areas capable of generating X-rays under the impact of the said cathode ray beam, and means for deflecting the said cathode ray beam relative to the target to cause it to be fixed alternatively upon one or the other of the said areas, whereby X-radiations may be projected from the tube in different directions depending upon the particular one of said target areas at which said radiations are generated.
  • an X-ray tube having a stationary cathode adapted to serve as the source of a cathode ray beam, a stationary target with at least two materially displaced areas capable of generating X-rays under the impact of the said cathode ray beam, shielding means associated with said target for'channelizing in different directions X-rays generated at the various ones of said areas, and means for deflecting the said cathode ray beam relative to the target to cause it to be fixed at the will of an operator upon a selected one of the said areas.
  • an X-ray tube having a stationary cathode adapted to serve as the source of a cathode ray beam, a stationary target with a surface which is of concave curvilinear contour and which is capable over at least a substantial portion of its area of generating X-rays under the impact of the said cathode ray beam, and beam-deflecting means operable at the will of an operator to fix the said cathode ray beam on various selected parts of the said surface, whereby X-radiations may be projected from the tube in different directions.
  • an X-ray tube having a transmission target of extended surface area which is capable over at least a substantial portion of its area of generating X-rays under the impact of a cathode ray beam, adjustable shielding means externally enclosing the said target for confining the projection of X-rays from the tube to a single direction controlled by the orientation of the shielding means, and beam-deflecting means adjustable at the will of an operator to fix the cathode ray beam of the tube upon various selected parts of the target surface, whereby through correlated adjustment of the said beam-deflecting and shielding means X-rays may be projected from the tube in any one of a plurality of difierent directions.
  • an X-ray tube having a stationary cathode adapted to serve as the source of a cathode ray beam, a stationary target of extended surface area which is capable over at least a substantial portion of its area of generating X-rays under the impact of the said cathode ray beam, a magnet coil in proximity to the target and controllable at the will of an operator to fix the said cathode ray beam on any one of a number of different areas of the target surface, and shielding means for channelizing the X-rays generated at any of the said different areas.
  • an X-ray tube having a hollow, generally spherical transmission target, shielding means surrounding the target and having an X-ray pervious portion for facilitating the egress of X-rays through the shielding means, the said shielding means having at least two axes of possible rotation which are at right angles to each other and which pass through the center of the target whereby the said X-ray pervious portion may be brought into proximity to various selected areas of thetarget, and beam-deflecting means controllable by an operator for fixing the cathode ray beam of the tube on various areas of the target corresponding to areas which may be subtended by the said portion of the shielding means.
  • an X-ray tube having a hollow transmission target, shielding means surrounding the said target and having an X-ray pervious portion for facilitating the egress of X-rays through the shielding means in a single direction, the shielding means being adjustable to vary the location of the said X-ray pervious portion, and a magnet coil in proximity to the said target for variably deflecting the cathode .ray beam of the tube over the surface of the said target in dependence on the orientation of the coil, the coil being movable with the said shielding means, whereby through concurrent adjustment of the coil and of the shielding means the region of generation and the direction of egress of X-rays from the said tube may be simultaneously controlled.

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  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
US376633A 1939-11-02 1941-01-30 X-ray tube Expired - Lifetime US2292859A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB29247/39A GB536941A (en) 1939-11-02 1939-11-02 Improvements in x-ray tubes

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US2292859A true US2292859A (en) 1942-08-11

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US376633A Expired - Lifetime US2292859A (en) 1939-11-02 1941-01-30 X-ray tube

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US (1) US2292859A (fr)
BE (1) BE468984A (fr)
FR (1) FR930261A (fr)
GB (1) GB536941A (fr)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2453163A (en) * 1944-12-30 1948-11-09 William A Shurcliff X-ray apparatus and procedure
US2847581A (en) * 1955-05-05 1958-08-12 Litton Ind Of California Nucleonic X-ray apparatus
US2922060A (en) * 1954-09-25 1960-01-19 Rajewsky Boris X-ray tube of high output
US3094616A (en) * 1961-02-10 1963-06-18 Picker X Ray Corp Waite Mfg X-ray table with tilted tube
US3176137A (en) * 1961-10-31 1965-03-30 Licentia Gmbh Crt x-ray generator with beam velocity modulation for equalizing radiation
US3360647A (en) * 1964-09-14 1967-12-26 Varian Associates Electron accelerator with specific deflecting magnet structure and x-ray target
US5259012A (en) * 1990-08-30 1993-11-02 Four Pi Systems Corporation Laminography system and method with electromagnetically directed multipath radiation source
US5561696A (en) * 1987-10-30 1996-10-01 Hewlett-Packard Company Method and apparatus for inspecting electrical connections
US5583904A (en) * 1995-04-11 1996-12-10 Hewlett-Packard Co. Continuous linear scan laminography system and method
US5621811A (en) * 1987-10-30 1997-04-15 Hewlett-Packard Co. Learning method and apparatus for detecting and controlling solder defects
US5687209A (en) * 1995-04-11 1997-11-11 Hewlett-Packard Co. Automatic warp compensation for laminographic circuit board inspection
US20040114712A1 (en) * 2002-12-17 2004-06-17 Barry Eppler Nonplanar x-ray target anode for use in a laminography imaging system
US9190555B2 (en) 2008-07-17 2015-11-17 Uriel Solar, Inc. Polycrystalline CdTe thin film semiconductor photovoltaic cell structures for use in solar electricity generation

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE962822C (de) * 1951-07-25 1957-04-25 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Strahlentransformator zur Erzeugung eines im Raume schwenkbaren Roentgenstrahlenbuendels

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2453163A (en) * 1944-12-30 1948-11-09 William A Shurcliff X-ray apparatus and procedure
US2922060A (en) * 1954-09-25 1960-01-19 Rajewsky Boris X-ray tube of high output
US2847581A (en) * 1955-05-05 1958-08-12 Litton Ind Of California Nucleonic X-ray apparatus
US3094616A (en) * 1961-02-10 1963-06-18 Picker X Ray Corp Waite Mfg X-ray table with tilted tube
US3176137A (en) * 1961-10-31 1965-03-30 Licentia Gmbh Crt x-ray generator with beam velocity modulation for equalizing radiation
US3360647A (en) * 1964-09-14 1967-12-26 Varian Associates Electron accelerator with specific deflecting magnet structure and x-ray target
US5621811A (en) * 1987-10-30 1997-04-15 Hewlett-Packard Co. Learning method and apparatus for detecting and controlling solder defects
US5561696A (en) * 1987-10-30 1996-10-01 Hewlett-Packard Company Method and apparatus for inspecting electrical connections
US5259012A (en) * 1990-08-30 1993-11-02 Four Pi Systems Corporation Laminography system and method with electromagnetically directed multipath radiation source
US5583904A (en) * 1995-04-11 1996-12-10 Hewlett-Packard Co. Continuous linear scan laminography system and method
US5687209A (en) * 1995-04-11 1997-11-11 Hewlett-Packard Co. Automatic warp compensation for laminographic circuit board inspection
US20040114712A1 (en) * 2002-12-17 2004-06-17 Barry Eppler Nonplanar x-ray target anode for use in a laminography imaging system
US6965662B2 (en) * 2002-12-17 2005-11-15 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Nonplanar x-ray target anode for use in a laminography imaging system
US9190555B2 (en) 2008-07-17 2015-11-17 Uriel Solar, Inc. Polycrystalline CdTe thin film semiconductor photovoltaic cell structures for use in solar electricity generation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE468984A (fr)
FR930261A (fr) 1948-01-21
GB536941A (en) 1941-06-03

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