US2289856A - Broadcasting antenna system - Google Patents

Broadcasting antenna system Download PDF

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Publication number
US2289856A
US2289856A US358214A US35821440A US2289856A US 2289856 A US2289856 A US 2289856A US 358214 A US358214 A US 358214A US 35821440 A US35821440 A US 35821440A US 2289856 A US2289856 A US 2289856A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
antenna
members
units
energy
unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US358214A
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English (en)
Inventor
Alferd Andrew
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Internat Telephone & Eadio Manufacturing
International Telephone & Eadio Manufacturing Corp
Original Assignee
Internat Telephone & Eadio Manufacturing
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Internat Telephone & Eadio Manufacturing filed Critical Internat Telephone & Eadio Manufacturing
Priority to US358214A priority Critical patent/US2289856A/en
Priority to GB12065/41A priority patent/GB550009A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2289856A publication Critical patent/US2289856A/en
Priority to FR939004D priority patent/FR939004A/fr
Priority to NL131202A priority patent/NL66746C/xx
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path

Definitions

  • This invention relates to antenna systems and more particularly antenna units and arrays for broadcasting energy at high frequencies.
  • the high frequencies used have 'generally only a line of sight coverage it is desirable thatv the broadcasting antenna be mounted as high abovev the earth as possible. It is also desirable that the radiation pattern from the antenna be directed in a horizontal direction in order that the signal level be highat points distant from the transmitter. In order to obtain this concentration of energy it is necessary to provide an array of antennafunits ,or other means for con- Y centrating the energy. Since the antenna is to be supported at a high point and consists of an array of units, it is essential .for practical reasons that the units be relatively small and produce a high radiation characteristic so that a good signalstrength may be obtained without a huge structure or extensive array mounted high above the ⁇ ground.
  • the antenna is usually mounted in a relatively inaccessible place, such' as a mast on the top of a high building, it is desirable that the units be made so as to require a minimum of maintenance.
  • the broadcasting stations particularly for television and frequency modulation are generally located in areas of dense population in order to reach the maximum number of people in the relatively limited coverage area. Accordingly, the antenna units may be located above the lheads of passers-by and the hazards accompanyv ing the accumulation of ice on the units would be quite high. Ice accumulated during a sleet storm may fall and causev considerable damage to people passing by as well as to inanimate objects. Furthermore, such ice accumulations may fall from' one unit to another unit of the antenna causing damage to parts thereof such as insulators.
  • broadcast antenna system for use at high frequencies in which the antenna units are lsmall in dimensions and produce relatively great power output.
  • FIG. l illustrates a broadcast array in accordance with my invention
  • Fig. 2 shows curves illustrating characteristics of an array in accordance with my invention
  • Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of a preferred form of antenna unit in accordance with my invention.
  • Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate a preferred structural arrangement of an antenna in accordance withy Figs. ll and l2 show alternative forms of antenna units.
  • I0 represents a supporting mast or structure upon which are mounted antenna units il, I2,HI3.
  • 'Ihese' antenna units are such that 4 the radiation pattern from each unit produces a toroidal pattern with its minimum atv the center of the unit and having substantially circular Suitable antenna units for producing such radiation pattern are disclosed more fully in my previous application, Serial No. 270,173 filed Aprilv 26,I 1939.
  • a four-unit array may be 'used having vpower vgain inequality of energization between the umts may be utilized.
  • FIG. ⁇ 3 a new type of antenna unit in accordance with my invention particularly suitable for vertical broadcast arrays of the type shown iniFig. 1.
  • This antenna comprises four radiating members 3D, 3l, 32, 33 arranged in the form of a square or other closed pattern.
  • ⁇ Energy from high frequency source 34 is fed over a line 35 and branch conductors 36, 31 to radiating members 30,31.
  • Lines 36, 31 are arranged so'as to energize the members 30, 3
  • Members 32 and 33 are preferably turned inwardly as indicated at 38 in order to increase the capacitive coupling of the system.
  • , 32 and 33 will have substantially a voltage node at its mid-point.
  • the members may be supported directly at their centers and need not be insulated at these points with respect to on'e another or to the ground,
  • This antenna unit will produce substantially pure horizontally polarized energy thus avoiding reradiation or absorption of the energy by vertical objects in the ileld.
  • guy wires for the support willnot interfere with the broadcast in any way.
  • the units are smallinv size and light in'weight they may be mounted on a mast or support above the guy wires supporting a tower or the like.
  • antenna members 30, 3i, 32, 33 are buildings willA ordinarily occur so that no null ⁇ a practical constructional form l"of antennashown as formed ofv'hollow tubing.
  • At the center of each of these elements are provided other supporting tubes 43, 4
  • may be energized by shielded leads contained inside the mast 44 and the tubular cross arms 40, 4
  • the ends of the conductors inside the shielded lines may be spread apart as shown at 5
  • Fig. 6 leads 5
  • may be brought out through an insulator 6
  • the ends 52 thereof may be then spread apart for connection to the bar antenna conductor 3
  • Fig. 7 may be readily formed in an array in a manner disclosed in Fig. 7.
  • four radiator units are shown 10, 1
  • a shielded conductor feed line 15, is connected to a branch transmission line 16, 11, the ends of which are connected to further branch lines 13, I8 which serve to supply energy respectively to antenna umts 12, 13 and 10, 1
  • building-out elements may be bridged across as indicated at 8u.
  • the antenna array provided in Fig. 7 is of such a nature that the antenna elements may be readily installed in any desired tower since insulation between the various units and the mast, as well as between one another on the support, need not be provided.
  • all of the insulation and wiring of the units may be contained wholly within the antenna structure itself, as shown in Fig. 5 and therefore the system is not subject to mechanical damage by objects falling on the unit for example.
  • the size of the loop used in the system, in accordance with my invention, is relatively small.
  • the antenna unit may be made to have an outside dimension of substantially three feet.
  • the antennae themselves may be made of relatively rigid material such as aluminum channel about 3 or 4 inches wide and from 3 to 4 inches deep. It is, therefore, evident that the unit may be rigidly iixed on a mast in a self -supporting fashion without danger of wind causing any substantial variation in the relative position of the parts of the antenna.
  • a further advantage of antenna units constructed in the manner shown in Figs. 4 to '1, resides in the fact that heating elements for removing sleet formations may be readily applied without in any way affecting the operation of the system for radio frequency. This may be accomplished easily, in the manner indicated in Fig. 8, which shows a fragmentary section of an antenna showing only two members such as 30, I3. In each of these members may be provided resistance elements 8
  • Antennae of the type shown in Figs. 3 to 8. inclusive, may be made in other forms, if desired.
  • the circular antenna form is shown comprising four antenna arms 90, 9
  • the ends of the radiating members are shown tuned in at 99 to provide the desired capacitive coupling therebetween.
  • , 32, 33 is shown bent at right angles at the center point, the arms 32, 33 being provided with overlapping portions 36 which serve to produce the desired capacitive coupling.
  • , 42, 43 connected to a supporting mast 44, are shown. It is clear in this connection that the energizing leads extending from arms 40 and 4
  • antenna units comprised of four members.
  • the structure accordinging to my in vention is not limited to such a number of members.
  • any plural number .of elements may be used to produce useful results so long as the members are maintained at a length under a quarter of a wavelength and have their adjacent ends interconnected by a relatively large reactance. It is clear, however, that when an odd number of members is used, the vertically polarized components of the wave will not be eliminated in every direction about the antenna.
  • Fig. 11 is shown one form of antenna unit comprised of six members to
  • Energy is fed from a source
  • 8 are thus parasitically energized so as to produce at their midpoints voltage nodes.
  • the required capacitive reactance between the adjacent members may be obtained, as shown. by turning in the ends of members
  • an antenna unit made of three members,
  • 22 are directly fed from source
  • the members are as in the other embodiments, and may be supported at their midpoints without requiringiurther insulation. However, the unit does not mede Snert witnre'speet te a han wavelength,
  • An antenna unit according to claim '7, fur- 2.
  • a broadcast antenna array according to 30 ther comprising metal supporting arms fixed subclaim 1, wherein said array comprises 1r.- number stantially to the mid-points of each of salu of units, the spacing between units being determembers. l mined for a desired power gain P bythe equation 9.
  • An antenna unit fur- P- 1 nl 1/31+2(n1)(8)+2(n-2)(28)+ 2l nl sl where l I ther comprising metal supporting arms fixed substantially at the midpoint of each of said mem- Ms) cos s+s in bers, and a metal supporting tower to which said s2 s3 i 40 members are fastened.
  • fur- (2S) cos 2s+sn 2s ther comprising a metal antenna supportingr (2s)2 (23) means, and means connected substantially at the midpoints of each of said members for y 45 mounting said unit on said supporting means.
  • (n-l) ---Z- l-lgi-s-u-Lbs-s! 11.
  • Claim 1 wherein Seid umts each eemprise metal 12.
  • An antenna structure comprising an even lie elements metallic-Supporting Ineens festened plurality of radiant acting members each memsubstantially at the center of each of said eleber being Short WthTespect to a half Wavelength ments. further COmDlSing means; -OI energizing at the operating frequency, said members being Certain 0f Said elements at the Operating fre- 55 hollow in form, capacitive reactive means interquency.
  • Said metallic SUDDOIIIE means directly t0 provide in eiect a loop, hollow metal supports said tower.
  • An antenna unitcom'prising a plurality oi ranged Vsubstantially within said-supports, and members each member being of theorder of one- 65 means cf connecting said supplyflines ⁇ to altertenth of a half wave-length at the operating f requency, capacitive reactance members vinterconnecting the adjacent ends o1 saidmmember's,l and nate ones of said members adjacent their midpoints to produce voltage'nodal points thereat.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US358214A 1940-09-25 1940-09-25 Broadcasting antenna system Expired - Lifetime US2289856A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US358214A US2289856A (en) 1940-09-25 1940-09-25 Broadcasting antenna system
GB12065/41A GB550009A (en) 1940-09-25 1941-09-19 Broadcasting antenna systems
FR939004D FR939004A (fr) 1940-09-25 1946-03-14 Perfectionnements aux systèmes d'antennes
NL131202A NL66746C (en, 2012) 1940-09-25 1947-03-24

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US358214A US2289856A (en) 1940-09-25 1940-09-25 Broadcasting antenna system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2289856A true US2289856A (en) 1942-07-14

Family

ID=23408733

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US358214A Expired - Lifetime US2289856A (en) 1940-09-25 1940-09-25 Broadcasting antenna system

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2289856A (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR939004A (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB550009A (en, 2012)
NL (1) NL66746C (en, 2012)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2467962A (en) * 1947-01-28 1949-04-19 Electronies Res Inc High-frequency antenna
US2467991A (en) * 1947-06-06 1949-04-19 Electronics Res Inc High-frequency antenna
US2471515A (en) * 1944-07-25 1949-05-31 Rca Corp Antenna
US2487622A (en) * 1946-02-28 1949-11-08 Rca Corp Three-phase slot antenna system
US2490815A (en) * 1945-01-27 1949-12-13 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Loop antenna
US2493569A (en) * 1946-05-13 1950-01-03 Gen Electric Composite loop antenna system
US2521550A (en) * 1946-02-28 1950-09-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Radio antenna system
US2580798A (en) * 1947-05-22 1952-01-01 Kolster Muriel Broad-band antenna system
US2596595A (en) * 1947-12-23 1952-05-13 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Directional antenna system
US2631237A (en) * 1948-05-08 1953-03-10 Fed Telecomm Lab Inc Antenna
US2639382A (en) * 1945-08-30 1953-05-19 Us Sec War Antenna
US2648001A (en) * 1946-04-11 1953-08-04 Us Navy Ring type antenna
US2666138A (en) * 1950-05-25 1954-01-12 Radiart Corp Antenna
US2666850A (en) * 1946-03-29 1954-01-19 John D Kraus Antenna
US2787788A (en) * 1950-04-27 1957-04-02 Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co Short wave radio aerials and aerial systems
USD321884S (en) 1989-05-16 1991-11-26 David Barrett Antenna
US5506594A (en) * 1994-04-05 1996-04-09 Howell Laboratories, Inc. Helically shaped circularly polarizing antenna

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE973229C (de) * 1949-03-04 1959-12-24 Siemens Ag Als Dipol ausgebildeter Strahler

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2471515A (en) * 1944-07-25 1949-05-31 Rca Corp Antenna
US2490815A (en) * 1945-01-27 1949-12-13 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Loop antenna
US2639382A (en) * 1945-08-30 1953-05-19 Us Sec War Antenna
US2487622A (en) * 1946-02-28 1949-11-08 Rca Corp Three-phase slot antenna system
US2521550A (en) * 1946-02-28 1950-09-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Radio antenna system
US2666850A (en) * 1946-03-29 1954-01-19 John D Kraus Antenna
US2648001A (en) * 1946-04-11 1953-08-04 Us Navy Ring type antenna
US2493569A (en) * 1946-05-13 1950-01-03 Gen Electric Composite loop antenna system
US2467962A (en) * 1947-01-28 1949-04-19 Electronies Res Inc High-frequency antenna
US2580798A (en) * 1947-05-22 1952-01-01 Kolster Muriel Broad-band antenna system
US2467991A (en) * 1947-06-06 1949-04-19 Electronics Res Inc High-frequency antenna
US2596595A (en) * 1947-12-23 1952-05-13 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Directional antenna system
US2631237A (en) * 1948-05-08 1953-03-10 Fed Telecomm Lab Inc Antenna
US2787788A (en) * 1950-04-27 1957-04-02 Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co Short wave radio aerials and aerial systems
US2666138A (en) * 1950-05-25 1954-01-12 Radiart Corp Antenna
USD321884S (en) 1989-05-16 1991-11-26 David Barrett Antenna
US5506594A (en) * 1994-04-05 1996-04-09 Howell Laboratories, Inc. Helically shaped circularly polarizing antenna

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB550009A (en) 1942-12-17
NL66746C (en, 2012) 1950-11-15
FR939004A (fr) 1948-11-02

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