US2289799A - Antihalation film - Google Patents

Antihalation film Download PDF

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Publication number
US2289799A
US2289799A US381694A US38169441A US2289799A US 2289799 A US2289799 A US 2289799A US 381694 A US381694 A US 381694A US 38169441 A US38169441 A US 38169441A US 2289799 A US2289799 A US 2289799A
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United States
Prior art keywords
layer
cellulose acetate
cellulose
antihalation
support
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Expired - Lifetime
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US381694A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gale F Nadeau
Alfred D Slack
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Publication date
Priority to FR956676D priority Critical patent/FR956676A/fr
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Priority to US381694A priority patent/US2289799A/en
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Publication of US2289799A publication Critical patent/US2289799A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/825—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by antireflection means or visible-light filtering means, e.g. antihalation
    • G03C1/835—Macromolecular substances therefor, e.g. mordants

Definitions

  • This invention relates to photographic illm and Kmore particularlyto photographic illm protected against halation.' A -Light-absorbingcoatings on the backs of photographic films are well known to the art of halation prevention. Generally, these antihalation coatings consist of a. carrier material and a lightabsorbing material such as a dye or pigment, and
  • the coatings are applied, as a rule, to the rear.
  • a iilm support which may be a cellulose ester, a synthetic resin br other material.
  • lulose acetate suppolrt is suilic'iently good that itl it is not necessary to employ an adhesive ⁇ layer to ⁇ join the antihalation layer to the illm support.
  • adhesive ⁇ layer to ⁇ join the antihalation layer to the illm support.
  • the adhesion of cellulose acetate dicarboxylic acid ester y antihalation layers is so poor that an adhesive layer must be used between the iilm support and the antihalation backing layer to prevent stripping of the backing layer ⁇ from the support.
  • the rprincipal object of the present invention emulsion, and on the opposite' side of the'supis to provide a cellulose mixed-ester film support I lulose mixed organic acid dicarboxylic acid esters ers according to our invention.
  • Another object is to describe the method of applying, to rilm supports, cellulose mixed orwhich may'beused for antihalationbacking layganic acid dicarboxylic acid esters which are removable in photographic processing solutions.
  • Another object is to deszribe the method of applying to lrn supports, ⁇ cellulpse mixed organic acid dicarboxylic acid esters which are non-removable in photographic processing solutions.
  • Fig. 1 is an enlarged sectional view of a photographic antihalation iilm where a cellulose esfilm support.
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a photographic antihalation film wherein a resinis used to ⁇ loin the antihalation layer to the support.
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of a photographic antihalation film wherein a mixture of a cellulose ester and a resin is used for joining the antihalation layer to the film support.
  • antihalation backing layers such as cellulose acetate phthalate
  • supports such as partially hydrolyzed cellulose acetate
  • substantially unhydrolyzed cellulose mixed ester supports such as cellulose acetate propionate. Therefore, in the'manner of our invention, we provide cellulose mixed ester supports such as cellulose acetate propionate, with 'an port, with a layer of cellulose acetate or partially hydrolyzed cellulose mixed organic acid ester, over which layer cellulose acetate dicarboxylic acid esters may be coated with good adherence.
  • the backing layers are usually coated before the emulsion layer is applied.v
  • cellulose esters for the adhesive layers we may use synthetic resins or mixtures of synthetic resins and cellulose esters. Such resins are the commercially well known Glyptal and Santollte resins.
  • Fig. II is shown a sectional view of a film havingk a cellulose mixed organic acid ester support I0 provided, on one side, with an emulsion layer il and on the opposite side, with an antihalation layer I5 of cellulose acetate phthalate containing a dye or colloidal carbon, adhesively joined to the support by means of the resin subbing layer Il consisting of a resin, such as, a
  • a cellulose mixed organic acid ester film support I0 is provided on one side with an emulsion layer II, and on the opposite side with an antihalation layer I5 of a cellulose acetate phthalate adhesively joined to the support by means of layer I4 which consists of a mixture of a cellulose ester and a resin, such as a Glyptal or Santolite resin.
  • Example I A cellulose acetate propionate film support, 16% propionyl and 29% acetyl, plasticized in a known manner and provided with a sensitive emulsion, was coated with a solution of cellulose acetate, containing about ⁇ 38% acetyl, from a solvent mixture of the following composition:
  • the cellulose acetate phthalate backing was then colored with an ethyl alcohol solution of spirit nigrosine dye (Color Index No. 846) containing 3% Aerosol AY. Over the tinted layer may be applied a carbon tetrachloride solution of carnauba wax or a basic material such as triethanolamine, ammonia, dioctylamine, tributylamlne, diamylamine, etc.
  • the antihalation layer is'removable in alkaline photographic processing solutions.
  • the -aitihalation layer may consist of a disper- 'sion of carbon in cellulose acetate phthalate coated from a mixture of the following composition:
  • Cellulose acetate phthalate and carbon mixture in'ratio 3 to l 8.0 Carnauba Wax may be coated over this layer.
  • Example III Cellulose acetate propionate and cellulose acetate butyrate supports coated, respectively, with cellulose acetate and cellulose acetate propionate as described in Examples I and III, were overcoated with a layer of cellulose acetate phthalate lcontaining 27% acetyl and 13% phthalyl, from a solvent mixture of 45% acetone and 55% methanol wherein the cellulose ester concentration was 3%.
  • the backing layer was then tinted with a dye such as Acid Blue 3R using a 2.5% solution of the dye in a solvent mixture of 55% ethyl alcohol, 35% methyl Cellosolve, and 10% water.
  • a dye such as Acid Blue 3R
  • Over the tinted antihalation layer may be applied a thin layer of wax or lbasic material.
  • antihalation layer is typical of the non-removable type previously referred to.
  • the backing layer swells, exposing the dye to reagents which bleach and remove it from the film.
  • Antihalation layers of this type are described in our application Nadeau and Slack Serial No. 381,695, filed March 4, 1941.
  • These coatings may also be applied from solvent' mixture of acetone and methanol, and are followed by a layer of. cellulose acetate phthalate which is then tinted with a dye. f
  • Example V A cellulose acetate propionate nlm support plasticized in a known manner was coated withV a mixture of a resin and cellulose acetate, *38% acetyl, using a coating A cellulose acetate phthalate layer ofthe composition described in Example Lwas coated over this layer Iand tinted with Nigrosine dye.
  • antihalation backing layers consisting of cellulose acetate phthalate
  • other ⁇ cellulose mixed organic acid dicarboxylic acid esters with equal success, such as cellulos'efpropionate phthalate, acetate succinate, acetate maleate, etc.
  • 'I'he method we use is to determine the composition of a cellulose ester to which thesematerials will adhere and use this ester as the adhesive joining layer between the Vantihalation layer and the 4 film support.
  • a photographic film free from halation4 which comprises a substantially unhydrolyzedY one side with a. light sensitive emulsion layer, and on the opposite side, with a layer of hydrolyzed cellulose acetate, and a layer containing cellulose acetate phthalate and a light-absorbing material.
  • 5A photographic film free yfrom halation ' which comprises a substantially unhydrolyzed cellulose acetatepropionate support provided on one side with a light sensitive emulsion layer, and on the opposite side, with a layer of hydrolyzed cellulose acetate, and a layer containing cellulose acetate phthalate, per cent phthalyl and 23 per cent acetyl, and a light-absorbing material.
  • a photographic nlm free from halation v which comprises a ⁇ substantially unhydrolyzed The dicarboxylic acid acyl content of the backing layers is not critical, however, the higher this value is the more easily removable this layer will be. Where the dicarboxylic acid acyl content is lowthe antih'al-ation layer is swellable, but non-removable in photographic processing solutions, providing that the organic acid ester content of the mixed organic acid dicarboxylic acid ester is not too low.
  • colloidal carbon in the antihalation layer rather than a dye, since cellulose nitrate has a tendency to absorb dyes and hold them fast to removal by photographic processing solutions.
  • a photographic illm free fromV halation which comprises a substantially unhydrolyzed cellulose mixed organic acid ester support procellulose acetate propionate support provided on one side with a light sensitive emulsion layer, and
  • cellulose acetate propion'ate support provided on on the opposite side, with a layer of hydrolyzed cellulose acetate, and a layer containing cellulose acetate phthalate and colloidal carbon.
  • a photographic illmv free from halationl which' comprises a substantially unhydrolyzed cellulose acetate butyrate support provided on one side with a light sensitive emulsion layer, and
  • a vphotographic 111m free from halation which comprises a substantially unhydrolyzed cellulose acetate butyrate support provided on oneside with a light sensitive emulsion layer, and,
  • a photographic' film free from halation which comprises a substantially unhydrolyzed cellulose mixed organic acid ester support provided on one side with'a light sensitive emulsion layer, and on the opposite side, with a layer comprising a hydrolyzed cellulose organic acid ester,
  • a photographic film free from halation which comprises a substantiallyv unhyclrolyzed cellulose mixed organic acid ester support provided on one side with a light sensitive emulsion layer, and on the opposite side. with a layer comprising hydrolyzed cellulose acetate, and a layerl containing cellulose acetate phthalate and a light-absorbing material.
  • a photographic illm free ⁇ from halation which Vcomprises a substantially unhydrolyzed cellulose acetate butyrate support providedon one side with a light sensitive emulsion layer and, on
  • a photographic nlm free from halation which comprises a substantially unhydrolyzed cellulose acetate propionate support provided on one side .with a light sensitive emulsion layer, and on the opposite side, with a layer consisting of 1a mixture of hydrolyzed cellulose acetate and glyptal resin, and a layer containing cellulose acetate phthalate and a light-absorbing material.
  • a photographic .llm free from halation which 4comprises a substantially unhydrolyzed cellulose acetate propionate support provided on one side with a light sensitive emulsion layer, and on the opposite side, with'a layer consisting of a mixture of hydrolyzed cellulose acetate and glyptal resin, and a layer containing cellulose acetate phthalate, 30 per cent phthalyly and 23 'per cent acetyl, and a light-absorbing material.
  • a layer consisting of a mixture oi' hydrolyzed cellulose acetate and slyptal resinf and a layer containing cellulose acetate phthalate and colloidal carbon.
  • GALE F NADEAU. ALFRED D. SLACK.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
US381694A 1941-03-04 1941-03-04 Antihalation film Expired - Lifetime US2289799A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR956676D FR956676A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1941-03-04
US381694A US2289799A (en) 1941-03-04 1941-03-04 Antihalation film

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US2289799A true US2289799A (en) 1942-07-14

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2694662A (en) * 1950-06-10 1954-11-16 Eastman Kodak Co Opaque sheeting and method of making same
US3227555A (en) * 1961-10-02 1966-01-04 Eastman Kodak Co Raw striping process for sonotrack dispersions
US3262782A (en) * 1961-02-08 1966-07-26 Agfa Ag Matted antihalation layer for photographic materials

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2694662A (en) * 1950-06-10 1954-11-16 Eastman Kodak Co Opaque sheeting and method of making same
US3262782A (en) * 1961-02-08 1966-07-26 Agfa Ag Matted antihalation layer for photographic materials
US3227555A (en) * 1961-10-02 1966-01-04 Eastman Kodak Co Raw striping process for sonotrack dispersions

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Publication number Publication date
FR956676A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1950-02-02

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