US2279353A - Telegraph system - Google Patents

Telegraph system Download PDF

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US2279353A
US2279353A US231479A US23147938A US2279353A US 2279353 A US2279353 A US 2279353A US 231479 A US231479 A US 231479A US 23147938 A US23147938 A US 23147938A US 2279353 A US2279353 A US 2279353A
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signal
signals
elements
transmitter
relay
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Hendrik C A Van Duuren
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Nederlanden Staat
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Nederlanden Staat
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received

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  • the present invention relates to telegraph system's, particularly of the type-printing class.
  • the invention is primarily concerned with the troubles arising in these systems from transmission disturbances. Transmission disturbances are particularly present in radio transmission, where static and fading frequently mutilate the signals. For this reason, the invention has its primary field of utility in connection with radio transmission, but it will be understood that the invention can also be employed in wire transmission systems over land and cable lines for avoiding difilculties arising from atmospheric disturbances, induction from adjacent power lines, etc.
  • the system of this patent operates upon the theory of utilizing two carrier waves of different frequencies in each oneway path of communication.
  • One signal element which may be termed the marking element, is imposed on one carrier wave, and the other signal element, which may be termed the spacing element, is imposed on the other carrier wave.
  • the marking element is imposed on one carrier wave
  • the other signal element which may be termed the spacing element.
  • This mode of operation is that so long as both signal elements on the two Waves arrive undisturbed at the receiving station, the latter will continue its printing operation, but if one of the signal elements is mutilated by a parasitic impulse or by fading, the receiver will be stopped automatically and means put into operation for obtaining the emission of a non-mutilated signal from the transmitting station.
  • This prior type of system requires the use of four transmission channels, two for the signal elements of the message and two for the corrective or controlling signal elements which are adapted to be transmitted back from the receiving station to the transmitting station.
  • the present invention only requires two transmission channels for the same purposes.
  • the present invention provides a system in which the mutually protected elements are emitted one after the other on a single channel.
  • the signal elements are made mutually protective by having them comprise impulses having different electrical values which are so chosen as to produce a constant ratio or constant total electrical value for each transmitted signal. This constant relationship in the signals received at the receiving station is an indication that the Any deviation from signal has been mutilated, calling for a retransmission of that signal.
  • the protection of the signal is obtained according to the invention by causing the proportion of positive and negative elements to be identical in each signal.
  • the occurrence of a parasitic impulse or of fading during the transmission of the signal is detected through the deviation from normal of the proportion of positive and negative elements as determined at the receiver.
  • my invention herein disclosed I employ a code containing eight units or elements.
  • the eight unit code is particularly suitable for the practice of the present invention in that when the code is obtained by conversion from the five unit code which is usually employed in mechanical telegraphs or land lines, thirty'of the thirty-two combinations. of the five unit code may be changed into eight unit code signals by simply adding three elements, of which three, two, one, or none are marking units. Only those signals of the five unit code which have five identical units have to be transformed in a diiferent manner.. 1
  • each signal element is protected in and of itself, and hence it is possible to transmit a single element as warning of the reception of a mutilated signal.
  • each signal element is not protected in and of itself, but, to the contrary, the protection only applies to every combination of elements constituting a signal. Hence, in this system an entire signal is employed for this purpose. .Inasmuch as the eight unit .code, when j cted to the conditionthat each s na shall a greater number of signals thanthe first me'ntioned number. Inasmuch asseveral-warning signals are available in the above described code relation, it will be evident that consecutive warning signals, each time suitably'amended'or differentiated from preceding warning signals, may repeatedly be given.
  • the preferred embodiment of the invention as it will .be hereinafter described utilizes" a' transmitter which'transmits with an eight" unit code, in response to' received signalswhich, are formed on the'basis of 'a five unit'code.
  • the transmitter includes transforming apparatus for transforming the five unit signalsinto eight unit signals.
  • this embodiment utilizes a-receiver which receives the eight unit code, and whichreceiver includes transforming apparatus which retransfor ms the received eight unit signals into five unit signals for controllingv a printer. It will be clear that this transforming apparatus is not essential to the application of the fundamentals of my invention.
  • a transmitter in the direction AB will thus have't'o transmit the five unit signals ready at A (e. g., perforated in a paper strip) after their transformation into eight unit signals, and moreover warning signals to transmitter B, as required by reason of disturbances on the path BA (i. e., whenever warning signals which have been transmitted back from transmitter B along the path BA have been mutilated in transmission).
  • the receiver B has to transform the eight unit signals arriving on the radio path into five unit signals, which transformation consists in the simple admission of the first five of the elements of'the signal as received to a five unit printer, except in the cases in which theoriginal signal contains five equal elements, or where it was a. signal for indicating a disturbance on the path BA (i. e., where transmitter B has been required to transmit a waming signal back along the path BA, which warning signalis mutilated in transit, thereby calling for the transmission 'of a warning signal in the reverse direction from transmiter A along the path A3 to receiver B).
  • The'particular require-- me'nts'to be satisfiedby-the transmitter A and receiver B will-be better understood by'referring to-the accompanying drawings illustrating one preferred embodiment of my invention; In these drawings:
  • Figure-l is a circuit diagram of the transmitter apparatus of each station
  • Figure 2 is a circuit diagram of the receiver apparatus of each station
  • Figure 3 is a chart'illustrating different combinations available in the eight unit code
  • Figure 4 is atiming diagram of one group of contactors employed in the transmitter
  • Figure 5 is a timing diagram of one group'of contactors employedin the receiver; and of the start-stop teletype connected thereto, and
  • Figure 6 is a timing diagram of different contactors employed in the transmitter and in the receiver, grouped according to the shafts by which these contactors are operated.
  • Figure 3 which shows difierent code combinations in which the eight unit plishing this relation, fourcode combinations of the eight possible combinations of the three added elements are required; 'viz., for the cases in which one, two, three, of four positive elements were present in the original signal.
  • the signal elements denoted by the circles or zeros may, for convenience of reference, be referred was the spacing elements, and the signal elements denoted by the X marks may be referred to as the marking elements.
  • the marking elements For example, in the Baudot code the flat tops in the current wave are commonly referred to as marking elements'and the valleys are commonly referred to as spacing elements.
  • line I illustrates the three signal elements which are added when the original five unit signal contains only one marking element
  • line II the three signal elements which are added when the original signal contains two marking elements
  • line III the three signal elements which are added when the original signal contains three marking elements
  • line IV the three signal elements which are added when the original signal contains four marking elements.
  • a further requirement of the transmitter is that if the original five unit signal has five equal elements, such signal must be transformed into a balanced eight unit signal comprising equal numbers of positive and negative elements.
  • a five unit signal There are two instances of such a five unit signal, one in which all five elements are positive (spacing elements and the other in which all five elements are negative (marking lements X). These two signals are shown in their transformed state in lines 0 and V in Figure 3, from which it will be seen that these two transformed signals differ from each other, although the sequence or grouping of the last three elements is the same in both instances. This sequence or order of the last three elements differs, however, from each of the other four sequences or groupings I, II, III, and IV.
  • the receiver thus has the particular requirement to select between (1) normal signals, represented at I-IV in Figure 3; (2) transformed signals indicated at O and V in which the first five elements have to undergo a retransformation opposed to the transformation experienced by these elements at the transmitter; and (3) warning signals indicated at VI-VII in Figure 3.
  • the receiver B should be adapted to control its own transmitter B for the emission of warning signals to A whenever a disturbance occurs on the path AB.
  • the transmitter comprises the five contact fingers or feeling tongues 2
  • these contact fingers When these contact fingers are in their upper positions (which is the case when the tongue registers with perforations) they establish engagement with cooperating upper contacts, and when they are in their lower positions they establish engagement with cooperating lower contacts. Difierent polarities or potentials are imposed on these contacts to establish the marking or spacing elements of the first five-unit portion of the complete eight unit signal.
  • the perforated paper tape is intermittently advanced under control of the timing contact 2, which has connection with negative battery and which governs the energization of the conventional starting magnet S;
  • the otherterminal of this starting magnet has connection through ground with battery mid-point.
  • transmitting apparatus RT also includes as a part of its equipment a suitable radio receiver RR, which will be described later in connection with Figure 2.
  • , 22 and 23 of the tape controlled contact fingers have permanent electrical connection with the first three distributor segments 33, 34, and 35, and that the last two contact fingers 24 and 25 of said group are operable to have connection with the next two distributor segments 36 and 3'! through relay armatures 64 and 65, the latter performing controlling or coding functions which will be later described.
  • the apparatus for adding the three extra signal elements to make up the eight unit code comprises a bank of three supplementing relays 29, 3B, and 3
  • These relays are of the polarized type in which each armature remains in its actuated position after the cessation of the actuating current impulse and until a current impulse of opposite polarity traverses the relay winding for actuating the armature to the other-position, these armatures remaining in rest positions (in engagement with their left hand contacts) when negative polarity is applied to the relay windings.
  • are connected with the timing contacts 8, 9, and I0, respectively, and also with the timing contacts 5, 6, and 1, respectively.
  • the timing contacts to 2D, inclusive, are all mounted on a common shaft V for synchronous operation, these contacts only being shown diagrammatically in Figure 1 but actually having the varied timing intervals illustrated in Figure 4.
  • the shaft V has the same speed as the rotary member of the transmitting distributor TD.
  • a second shaft V associated with both the transmitter and receiver of each station operates the timing contacts a, b, c, d, e1, ez, and es of the transmitter, and also the timing contact I of the receiver (see Figure 6).
  • This second shaft V is adapted to be started by the electromagnet ST of the receiver ( Figure 2), as will be later described, and rotates at a speed which is 6; of the speed of the first mentioned shaft V
  • Three other shafts V V and V are also arranged to rotate timing contacts of the transmitter under the control of electromagnets associated with the receiver.
  • Shaft V rotates timing contacts A1, B1, and C1, and ,isadapted DC;
  • shaft V. rotates the timingcontactsAz;
  • this current will energize the relays 4
  • the timing contacts 3 and 4 are open (see Figure 4), so thatthe spacing and marking contacts associated with the contact fingers 2l-25 are connected to the-voltage source through resistances 43 and 44. It will thus be seen that the closure of timing contacts
  • the transforming apparatus should not function, and to this end the relays 4
  • and 42 When therelays 4
  • relay 48 when relay 48 is energized, its armature 52 interrupts the test conductor 32 so that this conductor and the relay 53 are rendered inactive.
  • , 42, and 48 remain at rest whenever a signal having four or less equalelements is applied to the contact fingers M45.
  • return to rest position in engagement with their positive contacts when negative is applied to the relay windings over the circuits closed by the timing contacts 5, 6, and 1. Under such conditions, these latter relays thus add spaces.
  • the contact ll intermittently establishesa holding circuit for the relay 53, which holding circuit is closed concurrently with each closing of contact I2 and which carries over through each closed circuit interval of the successively operating contacts 8, 9, and I0.
  • Relay armature 66 establishes a holding or lookup circuit for the winding of blank relay BL during the time that timing contact I9 is closed.
  • the signal produced by the above operation is therefore a so-called blank, i. e., the receiving printer is supplied with a five space signal, to which signal it does not respond at all. That is to say, the signal which is transmitted over the radio path is signal 0 ( Figure 3) but after transformation at the receiving station into a five unit signal it takes the form of five spaces, to which the receiving printer does not respond.
  • the armature 61 of relay BL at the transmitter interrupts the circuit of the starting relay or winding S, as otherwise, when a blank is given, a letter would be missed. It should be further observed that this blank signal is also given in the absence of a perforated strip in the transmitter, i. e., the signal then given is signal 0 of Figure 3. Inasmuch as this signal consists of successive reversals of spacing and marking elements it considerably facilitates the receiver adjustment.
  • the system uses, in known manner, thesignal letterblank consisting of five markings (therefore signal V. of Figure 3) and which is used to change from numbers to letters.
  • V the radio path-this signal
  • the radio path-this signal is in the eight unit form indicated at V, but after transformation at the receiving station into a five unit signal it takes the form of five markings.
  • the first warning signal is given by the simultaneous energization of relays BL and S
  • the energization of relay BL operates its armatures 63 to 61, inclusive, as above described, and
  • warning signal VI of Figure 3 is emitted from the transmitter.
  • Armature I2 is also actuated, which transmits negative polarity to the distributor segment 31- for producing a marking element as the fifth signal element.
  • Such actuation of the armatures of relays BL and S results in the emission of signal VII of Figure 3.
  • This second warning signal from A now causes at receiver and transmitter B the repetition of as many signals as have been transmitted during the time between the emission of warning signals VI and VIII, as will be hereinafter described.
  • a third Warning sig nal is emitted by A, such being effected by the simultaneous energization of relays BL and S
  • the energization of the relay S causes actuation of the arinatures13 and M.
  • warning signal VIII is thereby emittedv
  • the arrival of this signal from the transmitter. at the receiver B results in the emission of as many signals from its transmitter as has been emitted between the sending of warning signals VII and VIII.
  • this apparatus comprises a multiplicity of timing contacts 9
  • the receiving apparatus qalsobincludes the'timing contact I which is mounted on the shaft V associated with the transmitting apparatus, as previously described.
  • the I receiving apparatus comprises the polarized"receivingirelay I6 which receives the'signals from any suitable radio receiver RR, such radio apparatus being well known, and hence not being shown indetail.
  • each station having such radio receiving-apparatus RR also includes as apart of its equipment a suitable radio transmitting apparatus RT, illustrated in Figure 1;
  • the receiving relay I6 energizes the receiving distributor RD with difierent polarities corresponding to the positions consecutively occupied by the armature of the polarized sending relay I5.
  • the receiving distributor RD is shown with sixteen contact segments, the first thirteenof which: connect with the windings ofthe polarized relays :"I'I to 89, inclusive.
  • the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth segments are connected back to the windings, of relays 82,83, andz84.
  • the first eight relays TI to 84, :inclusive, are energized in conformity with a received eight unit signal.
  • the relays 111-89 are of the polarized type in which; after the cessation of current flow through the relay windings, the armatures remain in the positions last assumed. Thirty of the utilized thirty-five combinations of the eight unit code (excludingsignals O, V, VI,
  • Relays II4-andII5 are energized on the arrival of a signal corresponding to O or on the arrival of a signal corresponding to V ( Figure 3).
  • Timing contacts I04 and I85 havesuch timed sequence as to cause the aforementioned signal which first arrives to energize relay H4, and to cause the aforementionedsignal which next arrives to energize'relay II 5, this distinction applying in case of arrival of signal 0 as well as of signal V.
  • relay II4 for exwhich the three element combination received on the last three relays 82, '83, and,84iof the first group corresponds to the'last threeelements of signals 0, V, VI, VII, and VIII;
  • the other relay II5 takes care of the signal which is' next received by imposing on the upper and lower contacts of relays'85-88 the same polarity as isimposed on the, armature of relay 89, such connection being established through conductor I25.
  • Relays S S and S are'energized when the transmitter of, the other station emits warning signals VI, VII, and :VIII ( Figure 3), such-energization being through circuit connections established by way of relay armaturesIIB-IZI in consequenceof the three element combinationsat the ends of these warning signals, whichelements are received by the relays 82, 83, and 84.
  • the apparatus at the receiver for the detection of gmutilations in the signals operates as follows: .
  • the said signal which arrives first energizes relays 11-84; the armatures of these relays are then connected in circuit with relay ST by way of timing contacts 92 and 93 through the resistors I2B-I33.
  • the upper and lower contacts gized. This'is because four of the relays II-89 have transmitted OIIBlDOIaIitY of current flow through timing contacts 592, 93to therelay ST, and tfonrzother relays-onthissame, group fill- 89 have transmitted the opposite polarity of current flow through said timing contacts 92, 93 to said relay ST.
  • relay ST is momentarily energized because an unbalanced conditionexists either by reason of a greater number of positive elements than negative elements or a greater number of negative elements than positive elements.
  • This closes a circuit through armature I40 which energizes relay 3T
  • the latter relay actuates armatures Ml, I42, and. I43, the first of which completes a holding circuit for said relay through timing contact H0.
  • armature M2 interrupts a circuit connection to battery mid-point which in turn prevents energization of relays S S and S whenever the reception has been mutilated.
  • armature I43 interrupts the printer start circuit so that the mutilated letter is not printed at receiver B.
  • the energization of the relay ST starts the shaft V for transmitting warning signals from transmitter B, in a manner which will now be described.
  • the shaft V started by the relay ST of receiver B, rotates at A of the speed of the transmitter shaft V and said shaft V controls timing contacts a-d, e e and e of the transmitter B, and also controls timing contact I of the receiver B, which remains open during thirty-six revolutions of the transmitter shaft V so that the starting of the printer is prevented during this period of time required for transmitting the Warning signals VI-VIII from the transmitter B, added to the time required, in the most unfavorable case, for station A to react to these signals.
  • timing contacts a and b Figure 1
  • the closing of timing contacts a and b causes the energization of relays BL and S whereby warning signal VI is transmitted.
  • Six revolutions later timing contacts a and c are closed, thus energizing relays BL and S causing warning signal VII to be transmitted.
  • contacts a and d are closed for energizing relays BL and S to cause the emission of warning signal VIII.
  • Timing contacts e1, es, and es of station B exercise a necessary control function when, during the described operation of the shaft V of station B, the transmitter A transmits warning signals to the receiver B for the purpose of indicating to that station that its warning signals transmitted over the path BA have been mutilated. In this situation the warning signals transmitted back from station A cause timing contacts A1, B1, and C1, or A2, B2 and C2, or A3, B3, and C3 of transmitter B to become operative.
  • the nature of the above mentioned control function exercised by the timing contacts e1, e2 and es of station B will be best understood after first considering the action of warning signals VI-VIII on station A, which will now be described.
  • Warning signals VI-VIII, transmitted from B, will arrive at A after the transmitting shaft V of A has rotated one or more revolutions beyond the revolution which emitted the message signal which was mutilated in its transit from A to B.
  • the telegraph transmitter of station A should therefore be set back by several signals; in the particular embodiment herein disclosed it is set back by five signals under normal operating conditions. However, if the transmitter A has meanwhile been engaged in transmitting a warning signal to the receiver'B, this number should be made smaller by one; because during the emission of said warning signal the perforated strip has not been advanced.
  • the armature 61 of relay BL isinterposed in series between the timing contact 2 and the winding of the transmitter start device S.
  • warning signal VI arrives at receiver A it causes relay S to be energized, thereby causing shaft V to be started.
  • This shaft likewise turns at a speed of of the transmitter shaft V and rotates timing contacts A1, B1, and C1.
  • Timing contact A1 energizes the back step relay T of the transmitter (station A) for six revolutions of the transmitter shaft V
  • Timing contact B1 energizes relay BL for twenty-nine revolutions of the transmitter shaft V so that transmitter A transmits the aforementioned blanks during thattime. Attention is called to the fact that the telegraph transmitter (station A) will only start when relay S is energized, as well as when stepping backwardly when relay T is energized.
  • the start circuit of relay S which was interrupted at armature 61 during the emission of blanks, will therefore have to be closed again during the six back steps, such closure of this circuit being effected at timing contact C1, which establishes a shunt around armature 61.
  • the closure of contact 01 in order to be effective, also requires the closure of contact :21, which will be referred to later.
  • the emission of blanks (from station A) during the twentythree subsequent steps is necessary because at the sender B the received mutilated signal has resulted in further operations, such as the emission of signals VII and VIII, and during which time station B should not accept signals.
  • station A Will not react before signal VIII arrives should also be taken into consideration; in this case the inactive period is required for enabling the transmitter to return to the correct letter.
  • Start relays S S and S are so mechanically interlocked that when station A has reacted to signal VI, the signals VII and VIII emitted by station B will not be effective to again initiate a starting operation at station A.
  • timing contact I remains open for one turn longer.
  • station A does not react to signal VI, it is almost a certainty that it will react to one or the other of the two succeeding signals VII and VIII.
  • the operation of the apparatus under the control of the latter signals corresponds to that under the control of signal VI, timing contacts A2, B2, and C2 being set into operation by signal VII, and timing contacts A3, B3, and C3 being set into operation by signal VIII, in the same manner that timing contacts A1, B1, and
  • the method of signaling which comprises transmitting code combination signals each composed of.a predetermined number of'elements having different electrical values so chosen that they bear a constant relationship to each other. in each transmitted combination, and balancing the different signal elements receiveda t the receiving apparatus against each other so as to differentiate between true signals which have this constant relationship and other signals which have been mutilated.
  • the method of signaling which comprises transmitting code combination signals each composed of so-called marking and spacingelements so coded as to be in a constant numerical ratio to each other in each letter or numeral transmitted, balancing themarking and spacing elements received at the receiving apparatus against each otherso as to difierentiate between signals in which this constant numerical ratio is present and any mutilated signals or groups of extraneous impulses in which this constant numerical ratio is not present, and then printing at the receiving apparatus only these signals having such constant numerical ratio.
  • the method of signaling which comprisesformulating signals in a code combination characterized by a predetermined number of positive and negative impulses in an equal ratio in each signal,- transmitting said signals by radio from a radio transmitting station in such manner that said positive and negative impulses produce an equal ratio of distinctive components in each radio signal, receiving said signals at a radio receiving station, causing said radio signal components to establish correspondi positive and negative impulses at the receiving station, and balancing said positive and negative ,impulsesagainst each otherlat the receiving station so. as-to dif re tiate; between truersi nal and signalswhichlhave been mutilated by atmospheric conditions.
  • the method of signaling which comprises converting signalsfrom a conventional five unitcode into signals of a second code. by the addition of signal elements in such manner .that the components of each converted signal ..are maintained in .a constant numerical ratio,;tra-nsmitting such signals in this second code to a receiving station, utilizing this constant ratio characteristic at the receiving station toqdifferentiate between mutilated and unmutilated signals, and converting the unmutilated signals back into said conventional five unit code for, printing.
  • the method of signaling which. comprises transmitting codesignals from aradio transmitting station on a single radio channel, said channel being composed of different classes of components maintained in a fixed ratio in each signal, receiving said signals at a radioa receiving station, and testing the signals received at the receiving station by a differentiating operation wherein signal components of one class act in opposition to signal components of another class todetermine the presence or absence of said :fixed ratio.
  • the combination of transmitting apparatus operative to transmit code combination signals composed of elements having .different electrical values so chosen; as .to bear a constant numerical relationship to each .other in each letter or numeral transmitted and receiving apparatus adapted to receive the signalstransmitted from said transmitting apparatusand also receiving mutilated signals and extraneous impulses, said receiving apparatus being operative to differentiate between signals which have thiszconstant numerical relationship and those which do not, and comprising meansfor. automatically transmitting a special signal back to said transmitter upon rereceiving a mutilated signal not having this constant. numerical relationship.
  • the combination of transmitting apparatus operative to transmit code combination signals on a single channel each composed of a fixedsnumber of elements having different electricalvalues so chosen in a constant numerical ratio that the resultant signal of each letter has a predeterminedelectrical value
  • receivingapparatus adapted to receive the signals transmitted from said transmitting apparatus and operative to differentiate between signals having such predetermined electrical ⁇ value and any mutilated signals or extraneous impulses not having this predetermined electrical value, said receiving apparatus comprising means for auto- ;matically transmitting aspecial signal back to said transmitting apparatus upon the. reception of a: mutilated signal.
  • a radio transmitter comprising means for establishing;signalszcharacterized by a fixed ratio of positive and negative impulses in each signal, means fortransmitting said signalsby radio over a single radiochannel in such a manner that said positive and negative impulses produce the, same fixed ratio of difierent components in .each radio signalcorresponding to said positive and negative impulses, and a radio receiver receiving said signals from said radio transmitter comprising means for converting such com- ;ponentsoithe radio signals backinto correspond- 55 iiasm s ivelandine et ve impu s s-means:operative to test the converted signals for said fixed ratio of positive and, negative impulses, and means for automatically transmitting aspecial radio signal from said radio receiver to said radio transmitter upon the reception at said receiver of a mutilated signal not having such fixed ratio of positive and negative impulses.
  • a radio telegraph system the combination of means for counverting signals from a conventional five unit code into signals of an eight unit code in which each signal is composed of a predetermined relation of positive and negative impulses having a total potential of zero, a radio transmitter for transmitting said latter signals over a single radio channel, a radio receiver for receiving said latter signals comprising means for testing the received signals for said zero potential to determine whether the signals have been mutilated in transmission, and means for converting the unmutilated signals back into said conventional five unit code-f or operating a printer.
  • a transmitting distributor comprising a first group of contacts and a second group of contacts
  • apparatus responsive to a perforated signal tape for impressing different polarities on said first group of contacts in code relation for each character transmitted
  • polarized relays for impressing different polarities on said s'econdgroup of contacts
  • a bank of resistors connected with the contacts of both groups
  • means including a relay responsive to the current flow through said bank of resistors corresponding to the particular character to be transmitted for causing the operation of said polarized relays in sequence until the polarities impressed on both groups of contacts are in balanced relation.
  • a transmitting distributor comprising a group of contacts
  • apparatus responsive to a perforated signal tape for impressing different polarities on said distributor contacts in code relation corresponding to the difierent letter characters to be transmitted
  • relay apparatus adapted to be actuated in the event that the same polarity is impressed on all contacts of said group in a single letter signal, and means.
  • a radio transmitter for transmitting signals each composed of a predetermined relation of positive and negative impulses the total electrical value of which is zero
  • a radio receiver for receiving said signals comprising integrating means for testing the total electrical value of the impulses in the received signals, and a printer adapted to respond to said signals, said integrating means governing the operation f said printer.
  • a radio transmitter comprising means for transmitting signals on a single radio channel each composed of precalculated significant and supplementary impulses the total electrical value of which is zero, said transmitter comprising a transmitting distributor through which said impulses are impressed on the radio channel in timed sequence, a radio receiver adapted to receive such signals from said radio transmitter comprising a receiving distributor operated synchronously with said.
  • integrating means receiving the signal impulses from said receiving distributor and comprising a bankof resistors through which the total electrical value of all impulses in each signal is tested, a printer adapted to respond to the significant impulses of each signal, and printer control means comprising a relay responsive to the current flow through said bank of resistors for governing the operation of -said printer.
  • a radio transmitter comprising means for transmitting signals on a, singlev radio channel each composed of several predetermined impulses the total electrical value of which is zero, said transmitter comprising a transmitting distributor through which said impulses are projected on the radio channel in timed sequence, a radio receiver adapted to receivesuch signals from saidradio transmitter comprising a receiving distributor operated synchronously with said transmitting distributor, integrating means receiving the signal impulses from said receiving distributor and comprising a bank of resistors through which the total electrical value of all impulses in each signal is tested, a printer adapted torespond to said signal, printer control means comprising'a relay responsive to the current now through said bank of resistors for governing the operation of said printer, means operative totransmit a warning signal from said radio receiver back to said radio transmitter, and means responsive to said printer control means for causing said last named means to operate.
  • a transmitter including a distributor
  • a receiver including a distributor operating synchronously with said transmitting distributor
  • said receiver comprising a first group of polarized relays and a second group of polarized relays each having their windings connected with separate groups of contacts of said distributor, the armatures of said first group or relays adapted to engage in one position with one set of relay contacts normally having one potential impressed thereon and adapted to engage in their other position with another set of.relay contacts normally having another potential eifective thereon, a printer adapt ed to receive signal impulses 'tro'm said latter armatures, and means responsive to signal impulses received on said second group of relays for varying the potentials efiective on the relaycontacts of the first group of relays.
  • a first signal station including means for transmitting signals each having a predeterminedtotal electrical value
  • a second signal station including a'transmitter and a receiver
  • said receiver comprising integrating means for testing thetotal electrical value of the signals received from said first statiomarotary shaft, means responsive to said integrating-means for controlling said rotary shaft, and means responsive to said rotaryshaft for causing said transmitter of said second station to transmit warning signals to said firs station.
  • a signal station including a transmitter and a receive-r
  • said transmitter comprising means for ting signals each composed of elements having different electrical values so chosen that they bear a constant relationship toleach' other'in each transmitted signal
  • resistors through which each signal is tested to determine whether the elements thereof bear theaforesaid constant relationship to each other or whether the signal has been mutilated intransmission
  • printer rotary contact means for controlling the admission of the unmutilated signals fromsaidpolarized relays to said printer, and means responsive to said integrating means in-the event of thereceptionof a mutilated signal forinterrupting the operation ofsaid printer and for causing the associated transmitter to transmit warning signals.
  • transmitting apparatus including means for causing the positive and negative impulses to be in aconstant ratio to each other in each of these groups,- and receiving apparatus for receiving said signals comprising means jointly responsive to the number of said positive impulses and to the number of said negative impulses in each signal for difierentiatingbetween code combination signals which have this constant ratio and other mutilatedsignalswhich do not.
  • the method/of signaling which comprises trans mitting code combination signals from a transmitting station even a single channel, a pluralityof' said signals being composed oftwo kinds of elements having different electrical values-so coded as to bear a constant relationship to each other in each of said code combination signals, receiving said signals at a receiving station-distin-gaiishing at said receiving station between coded signals having this constant relationship and mutilated signals which do not, and automatically transmitting a warning signal from said receiving station back to said transmitting stationupon the reception of such" mutilated signal at saidreceiving station.
  • the combination-of transmitting apparatus comprising means for transmitting code combination signals, each of which signalsis composed of a pturality of kinds of impulses which bear a balanced numerical relationship to each other in each of said code combination signals, -and apparatus for receiving said signals comprising means jointlyresponsive to the number of impulses of one-kind and to the number of impulses of another kind for distinguishing between said code combination signals which have this balanced relationship and other mutilated signals which ddn'ot. l ll l 25.
  • the method of' signaling which comprises transmitting code signals eachcomposed of four positive elements'and four negative elements, and subjectingthe/signals received at the receiving station to a differentiating operation wherein the 'positive lelements aot'in opposition to said negative elements to i distinguish between true signals which-'have-this relationship of four-positive ele- 21.
  • the combination o transmitting apparatus comprising meansfor: transmitting code combination signals each of which signalsis composed se es, Qfeigh e emen s made up. of; di fere t KZQQSQEQEQQQE whi h bear a constant relation shirztcea h; o her in each elfies of ei h nd a paratus forzreceiving said signals comprising relay means jointly responsive to said different kindsrof elements in eac'h series Off eight for disnals which have this constant relationship and other mutilated signals which do not.
  • the method of signaling which comprises transmitting code signals each composed of a predetermined number of positive elements and a predetermined number of negative elements, and testing the code signals received at the receiving station including sensing the number of positive elements and sensing the number of negative elements in each signal to distinguish between true code sigals and mutilated signals.
  • the combination of transmitting apparatus comprising means for transmitting code combination signals, each of which signals is composed of a predetermined number of marking elements and a predetermined number of spacing elements, and receiving apparatus for receiving said signals comprising a plurality of relays operative to sense the number of marking elements and to sense the number of spacing elements in each received signal, and relay means operative to efiect a relative valuation between the sensing established by the relays responding to the marking elements and the sensing established by the relays responding to the spacing elements, whereby to distinguish between true code combination signals and mutilated signals.
  • the combination of radio transmitting apparatus comprising means for transmitting code combination signals over a radio channel, each of which signals is composed of a predetermined number of marking elements and a predetermined number of spacing elements which bear a constant relationship to each other in each transmitted signal, and radio receiving apparatus for receiving said signals comprising a plurality of polarized relays operative to sense the number ofgmarking elements and to sense the number of spacing elements in each received signal, and relay means difllerentially responsive to the positions of said polarized relays for distinguishing between true code combination signals which have the aforesaid constant relationship, and mutilated signals which do not.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Accessory Devices And Overall Control Thereof (AREA)
US231479A 1937-09-25 1938-09-24 Telegraph system Expired - Lifetime US2279353A (en)

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NL519633X 1937-09-25

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2518405A (en) * 1946-11-18 1950-08-08 Hendrik C A Van Duuren Signal storing and code converting radio telegraph system
US2579612A (en) * 1947-06-18 1951-12-25 Teletype Corp Telegraph converter system and apparatus
US2603705A (en) * 1941-11-19 1952-07-15 Nederlanden Staat Code converter
US2620395A (en) * 1947-06-30 1952-12-02 Snijders Antonie Code converter
US2622148A (en) * 1948-03-15 1952-12-16 Nederlanden Staat Error detector for telegraph printer codes
US2645420A (en) * 1940-02-16 1953-07-14 Int Standard Electric Corp Calculator equipment working with teleprinter
US2703361A (en) * 1948-06-08 1955-03-01 Nederlanden Staat Printing telegraph system
US2805278A (en) * 1951-09-04 1957-09-03 Nederlanden Staat Telegraph system
US2903514A (en) * 1953-12-22 1959-09-08 Staatsbedrijf Der Posterijin Rhythmic telegraph system
US2912498A (en) * 1952-05-13 1959-11-10 Nederlanden Staat Type printing telegraph system with error correction
US2929873A (en) * 1954-01-13 1960-03-22 Valensi Georges Telegraphic code converting device
US2944110A (en) * 1956-07-27 1960-07-05 Mackay Radio & Telegraph Co Error suppressing telegraph system
US3002681A (en) * 1956-08-27 1961-10-03 Hughes Aircraft Co Perforated tape reader
US3256514A (en) * 1962-09-13 1966-06-14 Digitronics Corp Information transfer system
US3328758A (en) * 1962-12-03 1967-06-27 Sangamo Electric Co Data receiver
US5067114A (en) * 1983-03-21 1991-11-19 Develco, Inc. Correlation for combinational coded telemetry

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2645420A (en) * 1940-02-16 1953-07-14 Int Standard Electric Corp Calculator equipment working with teleprinter
US2603705A (en) * 1941-11-19 1952-07-15 Nederlanden Staat Code converter
US2518405A (en) * 1946-11-18 1950-08-08 Hendrik C A Van Duuren Signal storing and code converting radio telegraph system
US2579612A (en) * 1947-06-18 1951-12-25 Teletype Corp Telegraph converter system and apparatus
US2620395A (en) * 1947-06-30 1952-12-02 Snijders Antonie Code converter
US2622148A (en) * 1948-03-15 1952-12-16 Nederlanden Staat Error detector for telegraph printer codes
US2703361A (en) * 1948-06-08 1955-03-01 Nederlanden Staat Printing telegraph system
US2805278A (en) * 1951-09-04 1957-09-03 Nederlanden Staat Telegraph system
US2912498A (en) * 1952-05-13 1959-11-10 Nederlanden Staat Type printing telegraph system with error correction
US2903514A (en) * 1953-12-22 1959-09-08 Staatsbedrijf Der Posterijin Rhythmic telegraph system
US2929873A (en) * 1954-01-13 1960-03-22 Valensi Georges Telegraphic code converting device
US2944110A (en) * 1956-07-27 1960-07-05 Mackay Radio & Telegraph Co Error suppressing telegraph system
US3002681A (en) * 1956-08-27 1961-10-03 Hughes Aircraft Co Perforated tape reader
US3256514A (en) * 1962-09-13 1966-06-14 Digitronics Corp Information transfer system
US3328758A (en) * 1962-12-03 1967-06-27 Sangamo Electric Co Data receiver
US5067114A (en) * 1983-03-21 1991-11-19 Develco, Inc. Correlation for combinational coded telemetry

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Publication number Publication date
FR851674A (ko) 1940-01-12
NL50112C (ko)
GB519633A (en) 1940-04-02

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