US1677062A - Signaling system applicable to telegraphy and telemechanical transmission - Google Patents

Description

July 10, 1928. 1,677,062

C.-VERDAN ETAL SIGNALING SYSTEM APPLICABLE TO TELEGRAPHY AND TELEMECHANICAL TRANSMISSION Filed May 25, 1925 ZSheets-Sheet 1 j l l l #1 2 3 I 5 10 P r a I 2= A FIg. 1 A I 5: 11

Fig. 2

'Fig. 3

Fig. 4

w w. WEE- w w July 10, 1928.

c. VERDAN ET AL SIGNALING SYSTEM APPLICABLE TO TELEGRAPHY AND TELEMECHANICAL TRANSMISSION P1 p um I l l such wise that the messages can be easily wrong messages to be received.

Patented July 10, 1928.

r UNITED STATES PATENTT OFFICE.

CHARLES VERDAN, or srnAsBoUnG, AND Louis MARIE. JEAN LOISEAU, 0F PARIS,

FRANCE, ASSIGNQRS TO COMPAGNIE I"RANCAISE POUR LEXPLOITATION DES PRO- CEDES THOMSON-HOUSTON, A FRENCH LIMITED COMPANY, AND ATELIERS J. CAR- PENTIER, AF RENCH LIMITED COMPANY. I

SIGNALING sysrmr APPLICABLE TO i MISSION.

TELEGRAPHY AND, TELEMECHANICAL TRANS- Application filed May 25, 1925, Serial No. 32,782, and in France June 4, 19 24.

In numerous signal transmission systems, of time equalto those which separate the s iccessive emissions belonging to the same signal and that they all produce on the re such as telegraphy, for example, distinct disturbances of thesignals transmitted by the sending station may make themselves felt at the receiving station, resulting inreception of supplementary or erroneous signals which do not correspond to the signals sent. The message will then be unintelligible or difiicult to decipher.

This is particularly the case where the communications are effected by wireless signaling and where the transmitting and receiving devices are connected to suitable antennae; atmospheric influences, acting, for example, on the receiving antenna, may cause ceivcr the same effects normal duration of a cording to this rule. The invention will b Certain signal transmission systems are so devised that these parasitic disturbances can only occasion on reception additional signals distinct from the signals desired.

The present invention has for its object a inethod and apparatus which permit the utilization of these transmission systems in Figs. 1 and 2 are diag graphic station. Figs deciphered on reception or transmitted without error to the receiver in spite of the action ofnumerous disturbing influences of foreign origin at the sending station.

As an example of a system in which such parasitic infiuencescan only occasion at the receiving end supplementary signals distinct from the desired signals, reference may be made to the Baudot telegraphic system. Transmission with this system may, as is well known, be effected by Wireless, the transmitting and receiving devices being associated with antennae. A

If in a system of the character above described thereare repeated 11, times at the transmitting eiid tlie signals desired to be transmitted at given intervals or time greater than the normal duration of a series of parasitic disturbances, there will be obtained at'the receiving end a signals. If the system and mode of transmission are such -that it is known at the receiving end how to check the signals corresponding to the successive receptions of the same initial signal, itwill sufiice to select from among these signals those which are identical; for an error to arise, it would be necessary that bne of the parasites be produced at intervals graphic station on the fied according to the 'cally the transmission embodiments of the matic transmission, or tapes.

Paris by wireless (se tamed:

contact, letter *A.

4th, 5th contacts, letter At the fifth rotation 5th contacts, letter S.

as the signal desired.

For example, the message may be repeated 1% times, at constant speeds v1, v2 spectively there being taken in at the receiving station only the signals reproduced in all the messages at the same relative instants.

Again, each signal may be repeated at intervals of time t1, t2 A m greater than the series of parasites,

there being taken in at the receiving station only the signals which are reproduced ace understood on reference to the following detailed description 4 and to the accompanying drawings in which rams showin the action of the parasites on a Baudot tele-I 3 and 4. show diagrammatically how, according to the present invention, the parasites are prevented from acting on a Baudot telegraphic station. 1 Fig. 5 shows diagrammatically a tele- Baudot system modi present invention in such wise as to give the messages directly without errors. Fig. 6 shows diagrammatistation corresponding 7 to the receiving station of Fig. 5.

There will be describedsubsequently other invention applicable particularly to apparatus for rapid autoemploying perforated If it be considered first how, in actual conditions, a telegraphic apparatus on the Baudotsystem, considering a single sector only, would effect the transmission of the word e Fig. 1) there are ob- At the first rotati n, emission on the 5 contacts of the distri utor, letter P.

At the second rotation, emission on the 1st At the third rotation. emission on the 3rd,

I 7 registration will be defective.

If no parasitic signal appears at the receiving station during the transmission of the word Paris, the registration will be correct, but, if, on the contrary, untimely vibration of the reeciving antenna takes,

- sented diagrammatically in developed form in Fig. 3.

' after a predetermined time T selected so as.

An elementary emission ofthe Baudot code such as A in F ig. 1 corresponds in the modified system to the three contacts a, b, 6. These contacts are utilized in the follow in g manner.

In the first rotation of the distributer brushes (at the moment when the keys are depressed) the emissions corresponding to the contact a will take place (Fig. 3). Then,

to be greater than the mean duration of an uninterrupted series of atmospheric discharges, the emissions 6 corresponding to the keys depressedat the first rotation will be produced automatically. The emissions a will likewise be produced after a further time T.

It may be provided, for example, that the emissions 1) will take place two seconds after the initial emissions a or after six consecutive rotations of the brushes if the latter rotate at 180 revolutions per minute. Likewise, the emissions a will take place two seconds after the emissions 6, that is, four seconds after the initial emissions a.

Then the initial emissions a will initiate the operation of the series of three emissions, of which two, I) and c are deferred, a series corresponding to the depressions of a key of the manipulator, or if preferred, to one of the 5 moments of the-Baudot code. I

An emission of the second set 6 or first confirmation of the signal will have effect only in so far as it may have been preceded,

according to the rule given, two seconds before, by the corresponding emission a.

Likewise, an emission of the third set 0, or second confirmation, will only act on the receiver if it has been preceded two seconds before by an emission b and four seconds before the inital emission a. Only the emission 0 acts on the receiver proper. The emissions a and 6 only prepare the arrival of the active emission c. The preparatory emissions a and b act on preparing members controlled according to the period of time chosen T and brought to rest when the time T has expired.

It follows from the foregoing:

(1) -That an isolated parasitic influence will have no eflcct on the Baudot receiver.

(2) That a series of parasitic influences will exercise action on the apparatus only provided that such series responds in all respects to the rule enunciated above, and, in particular, provided that the successive dis charges are in suilicient number and at intervals of exactly T seconds (2 seconds in the example chosen). These conditions are very seldom realized.

The example chosen above.-3 signals repeated at 2 seconds interval may be modified according to requirements and depending on the numerical importance of the parasitic influences to be eliminated. It will often happen that one confirmation only will be necessary. Likewise, the time T between the signals may be increased or diminished depending on circumstances and on the nature of the parasites to be eliminated. It should be noted that the duration of each emission may be as brief as possible. Thus, to take the first case where the duration of each emission is l/30th of a second and where the emissions of the same series are at intervals of 2 seconds, in sending a signal (a series of 3 emissions a, b, 0 of which two are deferred) the first emission will take place at the time t, the second at the time t=t.+2 seconds and the third at the tim I t t+4 seconds or t +2 seconds.

increased since the duration of conditional absence of parasites at one of the times t, t or t is decreased.

If in the example given above each emission endured no more than 1/60th of a second, it would suffice that there be absence of parasites during 1/60th of a second, instead of 1/30th, at one of the times t, t or t" in order that, with the same efficacy, the manipulation may not be interfered with.

Fig. 4 represents the diagrammatic transmission of the word Paris according to the new method. Numerous parasites or foreign signals are indicated by hatched curves on the diagram. In spite of the multitude of these parasites it will be observed that none of them answers the conditions imposed for the operation of the receiver and that, in consequence, no letter of the word Paris is distorted on arrival.

The method of this particular embodiment of the invention may be adapted in various ways to all types of telegraphic apparatus working on the principle of synchronism.

By way ofcexa'mple, the transformation diagram of a Baudot telegraphic apparatus with 17 contacts devised in accordance with the invention is represented in Figs. 5 and 1 6receptiion in Fig. 5 and emission in Fig. 6. w The developed rings E and F represent I the normal receiving ring F with seventeen contacts associated with the continuous ring E. Fou r supplementary rings are placed on the distributer. One 'A of these com- In prises 45 contacts comprising 3 groups, 'namely, 1 to 15, 1,6 to 30 and 31 to 45. This ring is connected by the brushes 1) to a ring B which is connected electrically to the ring E by the conductor G-shown'in dotted lines. 20 A ring comprising three groups. of contacts (6a to 10a, 21a to 25a and 36a to40a) is interconnected by the brushes 0 with the rings A and D. These contacts are con-' nected electrically with the starting ends 0t 15 the windings of the corresponding electromagnetsi" In the interest of simplicity such a connection between the contact 1 and the winding of the I electro-magnet 10 is represented by a dotted line. The receiving relay is shown at R. Its armature is con- 7 nected electrically to the first sixteen con-' tacts ofthering E. At the time of reception of a signal it bears on the contact on connected to the battery P It is to be particularly notedthat the brushes 1) and c rotate at one third the speed of the brushes a and that for the convenience of explanation E and F are taken to represent three successive developments of these rings corresponding tothree complete rotations of the brushes a. Each of the three series of contacts ofthe ring A is connected, as indicated, to a; series-of ten electro-magnets having double armatures and with selfexcitation.

The operation follows: 1

The passage of a brief current in the winding, for example in that of 15, determines the attraction of two armatureslfl N3 one of them, the right hand one N causes self-excitation, that is to say, the current of the local battery P traversesvthe resistance 1' and causes the adhesion ofthe two armatures M and N which then rest in contact with stop screws. Each/of these electromagnets remains excited until the starting end of its winding 1,, is earthed by t-he brushc. Thus, the electro-magnet 15 receiving a brief current by way of the contact 15 will adhere until the passage of the brush 0 over. the contact 15, that is, after the brush a (the normalbrush of the station) has performed three revolutions minus a partial rotation corresponding to -four conof ,an' electro-magnet is as is sent to the first of the indicators L of the tacts of the distributor, the brushes 0 being four contacts in advance of the brushes 6. I An electro-magnet such as 10, the starting end I of which is not directly connected to the ring A, is brought back to rest by a 7n branch shown in dotted lines in the figure,

leading to the corresponding contact 100i of the ring C which is earthed at the same time as the contact 10 of the ring A.

These elect'ro-mag'nets, by means of their second armatures M M close the circuit on which depends the deferred following emission of thesame series.

In theseconditions the reception of the letter a will be effected, for example, in the following'manner. On the first rotation of the brush a: reception of the initial emission by the contact I lland the electro-magnet 11-, adhesion of the armaturesN and M a F At the fourth rotation: Reception of the second emission (first'confirmation) by the contact 6 by way of the armature M of the electro magnet 11. The electro-magnet '11 will be brought backto rest by the earthing W of the starting end I of its winding by means of the brush 0 which will engage the contact I1 as soon as the brush 1) leaves the contact 6; These two brushes are angularly;

displaced. as already mentioned, a distance equal to the spacing of, four contacts. 7 i At the seventh rotation; Reception of the .third emission (second confirmation) or ac tive emission the contact 1. This'emis'sion IUH receiver, across the armature M of the'e'lec- .trom'agnet 6, which adheres until the brush "b has left the contact 1 (as above).

' The reception of the letter a is thus regis- I tered in accordancewith the rule. If parasitic influences have manifested themselves ,duringthis time, certain ones of the thirty electro-magnets shown in Fig. 5 have been able to function, but these parasitic influences have had no effect on thereceiving indicators L." The 'ruleof elimination predev termined in this examplewas that of-triple emission at intervals corresponding to three rotations minus five contacts. I 7

To obtain in transmission automatic'ity of .11 the deferred emissions of the same series (emissions a, b, c, Fig. 3) there may be employed the same arrangement slightly modifiedf 1 Fig. 6 represents simply the modified por- 12" tion. The contacts 11, 12, 13,14 and 15 of A the normal transmission set F are connected to the keys of the manipulator M. Thecont acts from ,1 to 10and 16 of the 's'ameset are permanently connected to the workingsbattery P The contacts 16 and 17 are subject to correction. The operating relay of the Hertzian emissions is connected be}. tween the rings E and B.

It follows that if no key of the manipulator is depressed, there will be no emission save the emission for correction.

If the first key is depressed (letter a) there is obtained, at the first rotation, emission by the contact 11. The relay circuit is closed for example by the contact 11 of A and the electro-magnet 11 of which the armatures N and M come in contact with their stop-screws. After a turning movement corresponding to three rotations minus live contacts, when the brush b will pass over the contact 6,-the second emission will take place. In effect, the working battery circuit will be closed by the contact 6 of the ring F, the brush a, the ring E, the transmission relay, the ring B, the brush 1), the contact 6 of the ring A, the armature M of the electro-magnet 11, the winding of the electro-magnet 6 and earth. The transmission relay operates.

After a fresh turning movement corresponding to three rotations minus five contacts, the thirdemission will take place when the brush 2) will pass over the contact 1. This emission will take place this time across the indicator 1 which will give the control of the starting emission. The indicators are shown at L L L L, and L The above adaptation embodied in an apparatus operating on the Baudot system of the mode of elimination of parasitic influences is given merely by way of example and of demonstration. It willbe understood that without departure from the principle above indicated the same method may be applied to any other type or system of telegraphic apparatus depending on synchronism, such, 'for example, as the Murray apparatus, the Siemens, the multiplex Vestern Electric ete.-

Further, it is easy, with agiven apparatus, to contrive an arrangement which permits of instantaneous variation of the given rule for the elimination of interfering signals so as to obtain at any instant sufficient security for optimum efficacy of the installation.

The invention is further applicable to numerous systems of telegraphy in which perforated tapes are used for the transmission and reception of signals.

If in such systems disturbances of the signals transmitted by the sending station act on the receiving station, the receiving tape may present supplementary or erroneous perforations which do not correspond to the signals sent and the telegram may be unintelligible or difficult to decipher. This is the ease, for example, if a multiplex telegraphic system be utilized, the receiver being connected by a relay to an ordinary telegraphic distributer, each sector of which is connected to an electric perforator.

If, in accordance with the present invention, several tape. messages, for example three, have been obtained by repetitlon of the signals emitted at the same speed, on superimposing the tapes there is obtained a resultant tape which presents only those perforations which correspond to the desired signals and those due to parasitic influences active during the sending of each telegram at the same relative instant. This last named condition is very diilicult to fultil it the number of repetitions is large.

It is not requisite that the speed of emission be the same for the several repetitions. which may, indeed, be effected by means of distinct pieces of apparatus. 111 this last mentioned case there may be effected at the receiving station local retransmission at the same speed of the several telegrams, which retransmission may be useful, for example, in the case where these telegrams are represented on tapes of different length and where it is desired to obtain tapes of the same length which can be superposed on one another.

This application of the invention to telegraphic apparatus for transmission and reception by means of perforated tapes will be better understood on reference to the following description where there is explained, by way of example, the application of the invention to a Baudot apparatus utilized for the transmission of messages by wireless.

Trwnamissi0n.The paper tape is perforated as usual in the system of telegraphy adopted and the tape message is transmitted successively by as many transmitters as there are repetitions wanted. Each of the transmitters is connected successively to the wireless transmitting apparatus by a distributor sector. 1

In this way the same letter will be repeated at constant intervals, corresponding on the tape to the number of letters which separate the keys of the transmitters.

The application of the method to the Baudot system is particularly simple; each transmitter being connected to one of the sectors of the distributer or plate of the sending station as is done usually.

The same perforated tape is engaged in the first, second, third transmitter etc., the lengths of tape by which these successive transmitters are separated corresponding to n,, n n letters. The number of letters between the several transmitters remaining constant throughout the transmission, the repetition of the signals is effected at constant time intervals t,, t which may be equal or unequal according as n,, 12 are equal or unequal.

To modify these time intervals, the speed of transmission remaining constant, it will suffice simply to modify the numbers n,, 11 n,,. It is understood thatthe intervals 15, t will vary if the speed of rotation of the distributor be varied, n,, 12, remaining constant.

III)

Receptz'on.-The reception of the signals transmitted by the method just indicated is effected by means of a wireless receiving station connected by a relay to an ordinary tele-' then be connected through the intermediary of a retransmitter, on account of the strength of current necessary to perforate the paper tape with suflicient rapidity.

The first transmission of a letter will be received by the first sector of the distributer and by the first perforator; that is to say, all the first transmissions are vreceived on the same tape. In the same Way the first repetition will be received on the second tape, the second repetition on the third tape and so on. If there are P1 repetitions, there will be P tapes, each receiv ing one of the transmissions. I

If .parasites have been received'by the wireless receiving station, perforations which do not correspond to any transmission are made in one or other of the tapes; but ohviously there is infinitely small probability that perforations corresponding to distinct parasites will be found exactly at homologous points of these tapes.

On superposingthese tapes so as to register 'the perforations corresponding-to the same letter transmitted the composite tape obtained will present no perforationcOrrespending to parasites.

On 3.55111 this com osite ta )e into an or- P e P l dinary automatic transmitter or one slightly modified for conjoint passage of P tapes,

there will be brought into operation a translator connected to the transmitter, and the telegram received will be printed. If desired, and this will be the most frequent case, the correct telegram will be re-transmitted by means of an ordinary telegraphic transmission station, one of the sectors of which will be connected to the transmitter; at the same time the telegram will be printed to control the transmission.

Also, if desired, the telegram may be retransmitted by wireless, the transmitter beingconnected to a distributer and the latter to a wireless station through the intermediary of a suitable relay.

Varizint.If preferred, tapes obtained at the receiving station may be passed into transmitters of which the transmission contacts are in series in such wise that only the perforations common to the P tapes occasion the passage of working current into the telegraphic retransmission or impression apparatus.

The use of this variant permits the rapid modification of the intervals of repetition.

1n the adaptation which has just been de scribed there may be utilized at the-transn'iitting station and at the receiving station two sextuplex Baudot distributers; if there be adopted the system of three successive repetitions, three of the sectors of each of the distributors will serve for transmission and three of the sectors for reception. Instead of rotating the distributer at the normal speed of 180 revolutions per minute obviously it may be. rotated much faster in order to obtain an increased output.

In the present invention the successive repetitions of a signal should be able to be checked independently of their nature and without the possibility of disturbances of foreign origin modifying the desired signals on reception. This should be understood in the most general fashion. The signal may, for example, be indicated by means of its coordinates w, y and 2 in space and time 6; one signal being received at n 3 2 and at the time t the first repetition will be received at and at the timid 073/0, 0, o 1 li 0:3/0: o: o)

: l a oal /oa pa o) A signal being received at w y z t to know if it is the signal desired,- it will be necessary to observe if it is reproduced at x, 51 2 at the time t: then at :0 3 2 at the time, 25 etc.

Other modes of checking a. phenomenon will suggest themselves.

It will now be shown, in order that the scope of the present invention may be better appreciated, how the first adaptation iven above by way of example may be read- 11y generalized. In the following description the bracketed reference characters refer to analogous elements represented in the figures of the drawings.

At the sending station the distributor, Fig. 6, comprises n (3) series of g (5) contacts (F; l, 2, 3, 4, 5; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; 1", 2", 3", 4", 5") plus correction contacts (16, 17) if the number of repetitions desired is nl (2); this distributer is associated with an auxiliary apparatus such that the emissions by the contacts of the first series (F; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) may be con- 'certain number trblled directly by the operator by known methods (Fig. 6; manipulator M, battery P the 11-1 (2) repetitions being produced automatically on the principle that a contact of order p (1) of the series a (2) occasions an emission only on the passage of the'brushes a during their rotation of order X (4) for example, that if the contact d of order p (l) of the series s1 (1) has occasioned an emission on the passage of the brushes ((1) during their rotation of order X n (1). a

At the receiving end the distributer (Fig. 5; F; E; it) comprises the same number n (3) of series of q (5) contacts plus correctingcontacts (16, 17) and is associated with an auxiliary apparatus such that a signal 1 can only be perceived at the receiving station at its 7'lr'-1 (2nd) repetition, the initial signal and its n-2 (1) first repetitions having for effect only to actuate the auxiliary apparatus and to prepare it' to render the signal perceptible at the time of the ail-1th (2nd) repetition. With this object this auxiliary apparatus is so contrived that a signal can only act on it on the passage of the brushes ((1) of the distributer on a contact of order p (1) of the series a (2) during the rotation of order X (4), for example, of the brushes ((1) if it has been actuated by a signal on the passage of'the brushes ((1) on a contact of order p (1) of the series 8-1 (1) during the rotation of the brushes (a) of order X n (1).

The auxiliary apparatus serving as a collector and selector may be of any one of many different types. It may consist, for example, of a second contact ring (A) associated with the first ring (F) of n (3) series of g (5) contacts plus correction contacts (16, 17); this second ring (A) comprises at (3) series of n (3) sub-series of q (5) .contacts each; each series having besides a (2) of correction contacts (46, 47; 48, 49; 50, 51), 'n-1 (2) being the number of repetitions desired. On this rin A rub brushes (5) which rotate at a spec equal to ot the speed corresponding element capable of being modified (Fig. 5; contact '15 corresponds to the modifiable element N", M; contact 10 corresponds'to the modifiable element N Mi; and contact 5 to the modifiable element L etc. These .modifiable elements form n (3) series of n (3) sub- -series of 9(5) elements; each of the q (5) elements of the sub-series of order n (3) forms part of n (3) series simultaneously;

if, for example, there be designated by P? an element of order p of the sub-series of the series .9, the n elements p n, p n p n" are united in one only (L).

(In Fig. 5 the 3'series of contacts of the 2nd ring A are represented respectively by the numerals 1, 2, 15, 46, 47; 16, 17 30, 4s, 49; 31, 45, 50, 51; the 2nd sub-series of the second series by the contacts 21, 22, 23, 24, the second sub-series ofthe second series of movable elements by N M N M N M N24, Mini 2: 420)- This description need not be enlarged on as it will be easy for those skilled in the art to complete it, being guided by the annexed drawings, Figs. 5 and 6, and by the text corresponding thereto.

In the claims which follow there are also indicated in parentheses the elements of the annexed figures which are analogous to those which are designated by reference letters or by other reference characters such as letters or numerals.

By way of example there has been described more particularly the application of the invention to wireless telegraphy, but it will be evident that the invention is applicable, as already stated, to signaling generally, this term being understood in the widest sense and comprising for example telemechanical transmission or transmission by any means acting at a distance by wire or wireless.

Having thus fully described the invention, what we claim as new and desire to protect by Letters Patent is:

1. The improvement in the art of signaling devised to avoid the effect of disturbing influences, consisting in emitting signals,

repeating the signals in accordance with a predetermined rule whereby the received signals and repetitions of these signals are identified, and adopting only signals of which the initial receptions and their repetitions are correspondingly identified.

2. The improvement in the art of electric telegraph signaling consisting in emitting a signal, utilizing the currents set up on emission of said signal to operate relay devices and therebiy prepare circuits for transmission of 'a rst repetition of the signal, repeating the signal, utilizing the currents set up on said repetition of the signal to operate relays 'andthereby prepare circuits for transmission of a second repetition, again {epeating the signal, and resetting the reays.

3. The im rovement in the art of t'elegraph signa ing consisting in emitting a signal, and repeating a plurality of times the signal emitted, storing the signal received and all its repetitions preceding theultimate repetition, and causing" the ultimate repetition to influence a receiver.

4. The improvement in the art of telegraph signahng consisting in emitting a signal, repeating the signal emitted, perforating a plurality of strips to form records of the signal and repetitions of the signal received, and super-posing several stripsto obtain a compound strip in which the intended perforations in the several strips are in register. 4

5. The improvement in the art of tele graph signaling consisting in emitting asign'al, repeating the signal emitted, perforating a plurality of strips to form records of the signal and repetitions of the signal received, and re-transmitting the message denoted by corresponding perforations in all the strips. I

6. vThe improvement in the art of signaling, consisting in emitting a signal, repeating the signal emitted, perforating a plu- "rality of paper strips forming records of the signal and repetitions of the signal emitted, and preparing from said strips a record suitable for re-transmissionof the signal.

7 A telegraph signaling system comprising circuit-forming connections, means for storing an initial signal and concomitantly therewith preparing circuits for reception of a confirmation of the signal, and means for storing said confirmation and concomitantly therewith preparing circuits for reception of a subsequent confirmation of the signal, said first and second mentioned means being in terlocked to permit reception of a confirmation only if preceded by an initial signal or an earlier confirmation of the initial signal.

8. In a signaling system, in combination with circuit-forming connections, a distributor, rotary brushes co-operative with said distributor, said distributor comprising sectors of a number equal to thenumber of times each signal is to be transmitted, each sector including a plurality of contacts corresponding to the number of elements of the signaling code, an auxiliary distributor comprising a set of contacts, rotary brushes co-operative with said auxiliary distributor, and storage devices co-operative with said auxiliary distributor.

v 9. In a telegraph signaling system, in

combination with circuit closing connectons, a receiver, a'transmitter including a main distributor comprising a number of sectors each including anumber of contacts,

the number of sectors corresponding to'the number of times each signal is'to be repeated and the number of contacts of each sector corresponding to the number of elements of the telegraphic code, rotary brushes c o operative with said main distributor, an auxiliary distributor comprising contacts of a number, a multiple of the number of contacts of the main distributor, brushes cooperative with the auxiliary distributor, rotatable at a speed a multiple of the speed of the first mentioned brushes, and storage magnets connected to certain contacts of.

three groups of magnets, each part comprising segments connected to the relative magnets and to segments of the second ring, brushes connecting the three parts of said last mentioned ring to said continuous ring during three successive rotations, circuits 4 adapted to be prepared by energization of magnets afi'ected by signals being transmitted, connections wherebythe magnets are reset after preparation of the respective circuits, a set of punches, and connections whereby each punch is operated at the third transmission of a signal.

In witness whereof, Ivha've hereunto set my hand this 15th day of May, 1925.

CHARLES VERDAN. In witness-whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 15th day ofMay, 1925.

LOUIS MARIE JEAN LOISEAU.

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