US2057111A - Telegraph transmitter - Google Patents

Description

011.13, 1936. M, P m v 1 2,057,111

TELEGRAPH TRANSMITTER Original Filed Dec. 20, 1933 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTQR 100/5 M. P0775 BVW ATTORN Y Oct. 13, 1936. L. M. POTTS TELEGRAPH TRANSMITTER Original Filed Dec. 20, 1933 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 1 w i W 1.

u 0 b 3. 2 n t INVENTOR LOU/.5 M. P0775 BY ATTORN Y m w P apnea- A-ra.

Patented Oct. 13, 1936 UNITED STATES TELEGRAPH TRANSMITTER Louis M. Potts, Evanston, BL, assignor to Teletype Corporation, Chicago, 11]., a corporation of Delaware Application December 20, 1933, Serial No. 703,219

Renewed August 1'], 19 35 57 Claims. (Cl. 178-47) This invention relates in general to telegraph systems and apparatus and more particularly to tape controlled transmitting devices and tape:

forming receiving devices and methods for oper- 5 ating such devices.

Systems comprising telegraph codes having uniform numbers of unit impulses are widely employed for the control and operation of various telegraph apparatus such as printers, keyboard mechanisms, and the like.

terns are generally employed and are known as the fiveand the six-unit codes, each of which is specifically used where its basic permutation possibilities more nearly approximate in number the number of frequently used selective requirements or a particular apparatus. The five-unit code affords thirty-two basic permutative possibilities while the six-unit code affords sixty-four, each unit number constituting the exponent of a power of two in calculating its total number of permutative possibilities, two being the number of electrical conditions permitted for each impulse.

Where a larger number of selective requirements are needed in the use of either code, a shift operation may be introduced which conditions receiving apparatus to be responsive to two code signals jointly and therefore variously responsive to similar basic code signals as determined by a first or shift signal. An example of this practice is the standard five-unit telegraph printer where the selective requirements exceed the thirty-two basic selective possibilities afforded by the fiveunit code and where shift and unshift code signals are employed for increasing the selective possibilities by preconditioning the receiving mechanism to be responsive in one manner to a given code signal which follows a shift signal and in another manner to the same-code signal when following an unshift signal. In this way the available basic signaling possibilities are reduced from thirty-two to thirty in number, but by employing two codes for shift and unshift purposes, the thirty remaining active or character codes may be made to eflect response in sixty diiferent results. 7 t Another method of increasing the functional possibilities of the five-unit code in excess of the or unshift, thus converting the five-unit system into a six-unit system.

The use of either of these two methods or practices for effecting a shift operation is equally feas- Two such code sysible with any other code unit as well as the fiveor six-unit codes which, as mentioned above,

have come to be generally recognized. The shift operationy'whether accomplished in one manner or another, constitutes a method of transmission 5 for increasing the functional possibilities of a code system beyond that which is afiorded by the basic permutation of the smaller code.

Another important aspect of this invention is its utility in connection with a keyboard perforal0 tor such as is shown in United States Patent No. 1,884,807, issued to Sterling Morton, wherein the arrangement of the key levers corresponds to that of the standard typewriter keyboard. This device is adapted to prepare a six-hole tape as is 15 illustrated in Fig. 6 of that patent, and which is suitable for use with a tape transmitter embodying the present invention and differing from the species illustrated in the accompanying drawings only by its being adapted for a six-unit tape con- 20 trol instead of the seven-unit tape herein disclosed. By means of such a combination, it is possible for an operator who is accustomed to the standard typewriter keyboard to prepare a sixunit control tape that may be used in transmit- 25 ting five-unit line signals, thereby utilizing the training and skill of a standard typewriter operator in'the preparation of the tape, while at the same time employing a telegraph line more efiiciently. Economy in the use of a telegraph line 30 in connection with a five-unit system as distinguished from a six-unit system is dependent to a great extent upon the subject matter of the communication, being greatest where, from the character of the subject matter, the fewest num- 35 her of shift and unshift signals are used. Either five-unit or six-unit adaptation may have particular enhancement in certain private ofiices employing standard typewriters and employing also telegraph communication apparatus, by per- 40 mitting the same operator to use both types of devices by becoming accustomed tobut one established type'of keyboard.

Where two classes or systems of codes are employed, the present invention contemplates the 45 cile the use of a control adapted to one class of shift practice to mechanism that is inherently adapted to the other class. Accordingly, one ob- 5o ject of the present invention is to provide means for receiving signals of a code-shift system of communication and preparing an impulse-shift perforated tape under control thereof, as well as for employing standard impulse-shift perforat- 55 control unit therefor, but that such a code 'system decreasesthe line signaling time consider-* ably. This being true, it is desirable to be able to use seven-unit codes for local operating and transmitting control purposeswhile utilizing a six-unit code system for line signaling. To accomplish this purpose, the present invention proposes a system for converting a seven-unit impulse-shift system recorded in a transmitting tape to six-unit line signaling with shift and unshift codes, and far subsequently reconverting at a receiving station the aforesaid line signaling to a seven-unit code condition.

The present invention will be described particularly with regard to a method and apparatus for accomplishing the last-mentioned purpose, reference being had to a companion application Serial No. 703,220, filed Dec. 20, 1933, wherein are disclosed and claimed features relating to the reperforator apparatus disclosed herein.

In describing the method and mechanism of the present invention, a six-unit transmitting device has been arbitrarily chosen as an example, having incorporated therein certain features for practicing the present invention.- The basic permutation possibilities afforded by the sixunit system are sixty-four, but with the use of shift and unshift preconditioning codes, this may be made to serve one hundred twenty-four functions.

At a transmitting station, av tape controlled mechanism is employed having six aligned tape sensing pins and an additional pin for sensing shift indicating perforations. preferably disposed to sense a shift condition in the tape one step in advance of the alignment of the six principal or basic code sensing pins. A shift-code of six impulses controls a, preconditioning mechanism for a seventh lever or pin at a receiving station, and subsequent character codes of six impulses may be associated with the said preconditioning mechanism of the preceding, shift code in the manner herein described, permitting six receiving apparatus levers or pins to be set in alignment with the preconditioned seventh. lever or pin, thus modifying the subsequent character code. It would be equally feasible to have the transmitting apparatus six feeler levers set in alignment with their seventh lever, but in keeping with such a system, the receiving or reperforating apparatus would have to be arranged with its seventh impulse perforating element operative upon the tape at a,transverse line one step in advance of the character code which it modifies. For this reason it; will be understood that the relative arrangement of the preconditioning signal with respect to any character signal is largely a matter of choice and is merely incidental in the present disglosure,

When transmitting sixunit signals under control of a seven-unit tape, the advance pin or feeler anticipates the shift condition of the succeeding signal, and in accordance with the presease or absence of a hole in its particular path,

accordingly establishes one of two aternative succeeding conditions. If a perforation, being present or absent in its path, differs thereby from the previously established shift condition, the advance pin sets into motion an auxiliary shaft,

referred to hereinafter as the shift-code-shaft which may be arrested in either of two positions.

When stopped in one of its positions, a shiftcode combination of signal impulses is established for communicationto corresponding segments of a transmittingdistributor, while when arrested in an alternative position, an unshiftcode signal combination is similarly established.

Following any" change froma previous condition sensed by the advanced pin, the normal operation of the transmitting mechanism is suspended for one code interval, during which time one or the other of the aforementioned prepared conditions is rendered communicativewiththe transmitting distributor. The suspension of the normal transmitting operation consists briefly in the locking of the sensing pins in their nonsensing condition until the particular shift or unshii't signal is inserted in its proper place in the transmission of the message.

For a more comprehensive understanding of the present invention, reference is had to the accompanying drawings and to the following specification in which similar reference. characters designate corresponding parts throughout.

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a transmitting device embodying the features of the present invention and having certain portions broken away or eliminated for the sake of clearness;

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of essential parts of apparatus illustrated in Fig. 1', showing their electrical relationship and illustrating certain minor operating levers slightly modified or graphically distorted in proportion or arrange ment so as to be more comprehensive in a. dismembered diagrammatic view; 7

Figs. 3 and 4 show alternative operating relations of certain of the parts shown in normal relation in Fig. 2; i

' Figs. 5 to '7 are diagrammatic views of parts of the shift-code-shaft apparatusillustrated in Fig. 2, showing several conditions of operation which occur successively during one shift-cycle;

arrangement similar to the one from which they originated;

of perforated tape illustrating the relative location of the six character perforations and the added seventh perforation, and

Fig. 11 is a detail view of certain of the selective members in the reperforator mechanism shown in Fig. 9.

Referring to Fig. ,1, a segmented distributor head, indicated by the general reference character H in Figs. 1 and 2, is provided with eight segments, six of which are character-signal segments severally identified by numerals 0 to 5, while the remaining two are the conventional stop and start segments and are arranged similar to the standard six-unit start-stop sequence. A distributor shaft l2 carries a brush arm l3 which supports a pair of brushes I4 that connect the 7 wheel I20 through a'friction clutch I30, Figl 1, and is restrained in start-stop manner by a stop cam I40 and a stop arm I50 controlled by a magnet I60, the arm l50 operating to release shaft I2 when magnet I60 is energized. Shaft I2 carries cam 59 and cam 62 and is geared by wheels SI and friction clutch 52 to a shift-code-shaft i which tends, at all times, to turn in the direction of the arrow shown on clutch 52, but which is restrained by one or the other of two escapements 5354, and l94'l. Shaft 5| carries a cam 31 for operating a mechanical arm 65 and two cams 55, 56 foroperating electrical switches 58 and 30.

Cam 62 on shaft I2 controls a tape sensing mechanism comprising six feeler arms 36 and an additional feeler arm :33, all cyclically withdrawn by feeler ball 24 which in turn is operated by lever 84 controlled by cam 62 when the lever 64 is not locked by arm 65 which is controlled by cam 51?. Feeler 43 controls transfer member #34, and cam t2 through an armt3 controls transfer member 46. The two transfer members 44 and 46 cooperate to actuate a pallet 47 of escapment 49-41, and cam 59 actuates pallet 54 of escapement 53-5d, the two pallets jointlycontrolling shaft 5i.

Each of the six numbered segments in commutator ii, Fig. 2, is electrically connected to a corresponding one of a set of electrical contacts ii! on feeler levers I6 (so called because they are provided with feeler pins Ill), the several of which are arranged in a transverse alignment across the path traveled by a strip of record bear!- ing material i8. The resilient spring contacts I9, move between a pair of oppositely presented contact points 2| and 22.

The perforated strip of record bearing material 48 is fed leftwardly, as indicated in Figs. 1 and 2,

by a pawl and ratchetactuated feed wheel 23 in a step-by-step manner. The several feeler levers I6 are periodically reciprocated by a ball 24 in cooperation with individual springs (not shown), alternately presenting and withdrawing their pins I? from engagement with strip I8. Bail 24 rotates about the pivot 21 and describes a periodic reciprocal movement, and in so doing also actuates a feed pawl 26 which advances the tape I8.

Perforations in the tape l8 occur in regular transverse rows, having various numbers of perforations which are variously distributed in each row. When a transverse ,row of perforations is presented opposite the alignment of pins II, the absence of a perforation prevents its associated lever l6 from rotating beyond that point at which it engages the tape,-but when a perforation is presented opposite any pin H, the pin is per- .mitted to enter such perforation and the assoabsence of a perforation as a spacing condition.

In this sense then, those feeler levers I6 which encounter a marking condition continue to roforation ahead of the ones which are aligned over tate until their spring contacts I9 touch the lowermost contact points 42, while those which encounter a spacing condition fail to travel this distance and remain with their contact springs 59 in engagement with the upper contact points 5. 2|. upper contact points'2I are connected'over various circuits to positive or spacing potential as follows: Contact 2| of 0 position feeler lever com municates over wire 28 to positive terminalof battery 29, while the corresponding contacts of positions 1, 2, 4, and 5, communicate over wire 32 and a contact tongue 33, which forms part of a double contact switch 30 and which, during normal condition of this switch, is in communica- 'tion with its upper associated contact 34, with positive pole of battery 29 over line 35. The 3 position vupper contact point 2i communicates over an individual line 36 with the tongue 31 of another switch 58, which during normal condition, is in communication with its upper associated contact 38, and thus contact 2! of 3 position is in communication with the battery 29 at its positive pole. The lower contact points 22, each communicate over a common wire ll, receiving negative or marking potential from the corresponding terminal of a battery d2.

The foregoing aspect prevails during normal operating conditions as distinguished from the twov special conditions, to be presently described, during which the signals of the shift and unshift codes are transmitted and also during which the tape sensing operation is momentarily suspended.

Since then, positive potential exists at the upper contacts 2i and negative at the lower ones 22, the fluctuation of the feeler levers It in accordance with the presence or absence of perforations in any particular transverse alignment or code transmits similar electrical conditions to associated segments of the transmitting dis-- tributor I i, for sending out upon the line grouped current impulses similar in permutative arrangement to the perforations in the tape I8.

'A seventh feeler lever 43, having its pin disposed one step distance in advance of the feeler pins I! of the levers I6, operates concurrently with v such other levers, but through its advanced position senses the condition of a transverse perthe pins II of the several levers l6. So long as successive code combinations are similar as to, the seventh position, the mechanism which is controlled by the advance lever 43 remains dormant, but upon the occurrence of a code signal differing from its preceding signal with respect to this seventh position, a change condition is esi tablished which results in the interjection of a special line code.

Feeler lever 43 has three positions, and in accordance therewith, its transfer lever 44 also has three positions. First or normal position is shown in Fig. 2, with feeler arm 43 withdrawn to its. maximum extent by bail 24, and the pin below and away from tape I8, transfer lever 44 rotated into counterclockwise, position, and abutments 44A, 46A, 44B, 463, all out of alignment, so that operation of arm ,63 by cam 62 would move transfer lever 46 but there would be no engagement between transfer lever 43 and transfer lever 44. This first or normal position is shown in Fig. 1

also.

Second or middle position is shown in Fig. 3, with feeler arm 43 released by bail 24 and rotated to its middle position by its spring (not shown),

Under normal condition of operation, all.

' 44A to engage and move transfer lever 46 (which has but two angular positions) into its counterclockwise position, and rotate pallet 41 into its position shown in Fig. 2.

Third or farthest position is shown in Fig. 4, with the feeler pin of lever 43 protruding through a shift hole in tape l8, transfer lever 44 rotated into clockwise position by control of lever 43, and

abutments 44B and 463 in alignment, so that operation of arm63 by cam 62 would move transfer lever 46 to cause abutments 44B and 463 to engage, thereby rotating transfer lever 46 into its clockwise position, and rotating pallet 41 into its position shown in Figs. 5 and 6.

Supposing that there occurs a succession of unshift code combinations of perforations having no seventh hole, the feeler lever 43 continues to sense the absence of this perforation, and during successive cycles of operation, maintainsits yokeshaped transfer lever 44 in the position indicated in Fig. 3. The pallet 41 is held against accidental displacement by detent spring 48. In its preferred embodiment as shown in Fig. 1, transfer lever 44 and lever 43 are separate members, lever 44 being supported upon a fixed pivot-transverse to the pivot upon which the transfer lever 46 is pivoted. As a result of this construction the transfer projections of lever 44, which are preferably of sheet metal or otherwise of thin cross section, are selectively presentable into the plane in which they may engage the associated lugs of lever 46, or are'moved but slightly to be drawn out of the plane of lever 46 and be adequately clear therefrom. This permits of a positive shift operation on the part of lever 44 through but a small angular movement thereof.

' The movement of pallet 41 from either of its positions to the other releases a scape wheel 49 carried by shaft 5| and under certain-circumstances permits the shaft to be rotated '23, short distance by its friction drive,clutch,52, Fig. 1. Shaft 5|, when freed by pallet" and scape 49, will not be totally unrestrained, however, for another scape' 53, having a cam-controlled pallet 54, also determines the freedom of rotation thereof.

Shaft 5| referred to as the shift-code-shaft above, carries three operating cams 55, 56, and 51. In an effort to make the operation of the mechanism more readily comprehensible in the accompanying drawings, the various cams and wheels carried by shaft 5| have been marked by angularly aligned dots 50. 'By means of these markings, it is thought, the progress of each memher with respect to'its associated members may be more easily followed. Cam 55 is provided with two apices diametrically opposed and operative ly engaging the center tongue 31 of switch 56. Cam 56 has four apices, two of which correspond in angular operating positions with the apices of cam 55, while the other two'are located intermediate the first mentioned apices so as to constitute a generally quadrilateral contour. Cam 51 may be similar in shape to cam 56, but has its operating positions disposed at angles thereto, so that its apices operate angularly intermediate the apices of cam 56. The teeth of scape 49 are four in number, while the teeth of scape 53 are eight in number, four of which correspond to the stop positions of scape 49. Cam 59 on shaft |2 controls pallet 54, which governs the scape 53. Another cam 62, also carried by shaft l2, actuates two levers, one of which, indicated by the referencenumeral 63, controls the transfer lever 46 and in cooperation with spring 45 reciprocates the latter for communicating the signaling condition of the advance feeler lever 43 through 44 and 46 to the pallet 41, and the other lever, indicated by the reference numeral 64, reciprocates the feeler lever bail 24 for periodically permitting the feeler levers I6 to sense the condition of a'transverse row of perforations in the tape l8.

The third cam 51, carried upon shaft 5|, actuates a locking lever 65 and in accordance with the latters position, permits or prevents the reciprocation of lever 64 and consequently of feeler bail 24, it being noted that lever 64 is advanced by the positive action of cam 62 but is withdrawn by the resilient action' of an associated spring 66.

Figs. 2 to '7 illustrate various conditions of the I transmitting mechanism. while transmitting the signals which are illustrated by the perforations in the fragment of tapeshown'in Fig, 10. The six standard code impulses are designated -0, l, 2, 3, 4, and 5 arbitrarily, while the seventh or shift impulse position is designated by the numeral 7.

mission not only of the four character codes in v the form of six units each, but also of the shift code of six units for effecting the capitalization I} of the A and the unshift code of six units for restoring the unshift or lower case condition of the r for the foregoing recited purposes or in order that a receiving mechanism adapted to the code-shift method of preconditioning may be properly responsive.

In the course of the following description, a condition of the apparatus following an unshift code of signals during which the standard codes of character signals are transmitted shall be referred to as the normal condition, while the condition following a shift code of signals shall be referred to as a shift or shifted condition. The sensing of change between normal and shift conditions causes the transmitting mechanism to effect a momentary suspension of tape sensing operations during 'the transition from one condition to the other only, but when either condition is once established, communication thereunder proceeds quite normally in accordance with the standard perforations in the transmitting tape. Thus, in Fig 2 the mechanism is illustrated in normal condition, the advance feeler lever 43, having last encountered no perforation inthe seventh position, and shaft 5| remaining quiescent, since the cooperating transfer lever 46 has not been operated again. The mechanism is shown stopped by an open switch 66. While-the presence. of a perforation in the extra (in this case the seventh) tery 42'over line 4| communicates with each of 75 the lower contacts 22, while positive potential from battery 29 communicates over lines 28, 32, 35, and 36 with the upper contacts 2|, thus maintaining a condition whereby the standard feeler levers I6, in accordance with their respective positions, are capable of introducing positive or negative potential to the severalsegments 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and that in accordance with the permutations of these electrical conditions, corresponding signals may be sent forth upon line III as distributor arm l3 and brushes l4 sweep over the several segments during clockwise rotation of shaft 52.

The operation of transmission is as follows: The tape shown in Fig. 10 having been presented over the feelers I! in position for transmission of space, the transmitter shown normally in resting .position in Fig. 2 now is started by closing a manual switch 66 which energizes magnet I66 and releases brush arm l3, permitting shaft l2 to start,

carrying brushes l4 and cams 59 and 62.

When arm |3 and shaft |2 are at normal or rest position, as shown, or are in operation and are passing that position between successive cycles of rotation, which position will be designated the zero position of shaft I2, and when a character code of unshift nature is to be transmitted, then shift-code-shaft 5| also will be in its zero position, as shown in Fig. 2 and as identified by the vertical alignment of dots 56. In this condition, with shaft l2 at zero and shaft 5| at zero, shaft 5| is held against the urge of its friction driving clutch 52 by engagement of a tooth of scape 49 with blocking pawl 68 of pallet 41. A succeeding tooth ofs'cape wheel 53 is near hook pawl 12 of pallet 54 but cannot at this time engage it by a few degrees, so that when blocking pawl 1| of pallet- 54 is moved into the path of the teeth of scape 53 as presently will occur, it will not affect scape wheel 53, but will merely takea position in front of a tooth thereof so that a small angular movement of scape 53 will be permitted before engagement. Shaft 5| therefore is instantly freed from control of pallet 54, and is placed under control of pallet 41 which is operable only through transfer levers 46 and 44, under control of seventh feeler or shift feeler 43 and by power and timing control from cam 62 on shaft i2.

When shaft |2 has rotated about 45 degrees,

distributor arm |3 approaches segment, 0; cams 62 and 59 have released arm 64 and pallet 54 for spring operation, arm 64 has released bail 24 for spring operation, which in turn has released all feelers l6 for spring operation, of which the feeler in 3 position is responsive to the instant code perforation for space and has permitted its contact arm |9-to engage its electrical contact 22. Feeler 43, sensing the shift perforation of the following code for A, has permitted its transfer lever 44 to assume a position such as the one indicated in Fig. 4 so that the right-hand abutment 44B of transfer lever 44 is in alignment with the righthand abutment 46B of the associated transfer lever 45. All segments 0 to 5 of distributor l now are potentially prepared for the transmission of a space code signal to line l6, and such transmission proceeds as shaft |2 rotates farther. Meanwhile pallet 54 has withdrawn hook pawl I2 and now presents blocking pawl H to scape wheel 53.

When, thereafter, shaft l2 has rotated about 150 degrees, cam 62 operates arm 63 to move transfer lever 46. into engagement with transfer lever 44 at their right-hand abutments, 44B, 463, thus rocking transfer lever 46 and operating pallet 41 into its alternative position as shown in Fig. 5. Blocking pawl 68 has released the engaged tooth of scape 49 and shaft 5| has rotated through a small distance and now is held by engagement of a tooth of scape 53 with blocking pawl H of pallet 54. Cams 55 and 56 have also moved slightly but not enough to change either 5 switch 58 or 36. Hook pawl 69 of pallet 43 rests upon the top of the first or spot tooth of scape 49 and is pressed against the scape-49 by tension of decentering 'detent spring 46. Cam 62 now re; leases arm 63. The next cam action-occurs when 16 cam 59 engages 'roller l6. When shaft l2 has rotated through about 315 degrees, the signal transmission for the coda signal of space will be near conclusion after which the electrical potentials set upon segments 0 to 5 5 may be withdrawn or changed. At this time, cam 59 has engaged roller I8 and has operated pallet" 54 until blocking pawl 1| releases scape 53 and shaft 5| starts, turning now through about 45 degrees at the speed of shaft, I2 so that shaft 5| 20 travels about 45 degrees while shaft |2 reaches 360 degrees or zero position. Shaft 5| willbe pawl 26 to step tape l8, thus positioning the perforated record for signal A, Fig. 10, over the feelers l1, Fig. 2.

When shaft |2 has completed its cycle for space and is passing its zero position to begin its cycle for transmitting the shift code, the conditions are as follows: Cam l2 when passing zero holds arm, 64 at normal which holds bail 24 at normal which holds all feeler arms l6 at normal with all feeler pins down and all contact springs IS in engagement with contacts 2|, of which, contact of segment 0 is connected to. spacing battery 26 over wire 28, contact of segment 3 is connected to spacing battery '29 over wire 36 and unoperated switch 56, and contacts of segments 1, 2, 4; 5 are connected over wire 32 and operated switch 36 to marking battery 42, thus setting up electrical potentials upon segments 0 to 5 for the code forshifti. Arm 64 and feeler bail'24 also hold feeler arm 43 at normal which in turn holds transfer lever 44 in counterclockwise or first position as shown in Fig. 2.. Cam 5'! permits arm 65 to engage arm 16, thus locking the arm 64 and preventing movement of feelers ll, or of transfer 55 lever 44 until after arm 16 has been unlocked. When shaft I2 has rotated 45 degrees in the shif signal transmission cycle, cam 62 has moved away from roller I? but arm 64 has not operated, being locked at 15. Cam 53 has operated pallet 54,'withdrawinghook pawl I2 and introducing blocking pawl 1 i into the teeth of scape 53, permitting shaft SE to move through a small angular distance without changing switch 36. Commutator H is transmitting the starting impulse, and continues with the signals of the shift code. 1 r

When shaft i2 is passing 150 degrees, cam 62 will operate arm 63 but transfer lever 46 will not be rotated since transfer lever '44 is in its first or normal position as shown in Fig. 2 and all code of shift will be at or near an end and the electrical potentials set upon segments to may be withdrawn or changed. At this time, cam 59 has engaged roller 18 and has operated pallet 54 until blockingpawl 1| releases scape, 53 and shaft 5 5| starts; turning now at the speed of shaft |2 so that shaft 5| reaches 90 degrees at the same time that shaft |2 reaches 360 degrees or zero position. Shaft 5| will be stopped at 90 degrees by engagement of scape 49 with hook pawl 69, and

all parts shown in Fig. 6 including switches 58 and 3|! will be now in their positions as shown in Fig. 6 with shaft 5| at 90 degrees as indicated by dots 50. The final action of cam 62 in the shiftcode cycle is to pass under roller'll/ to support 5 arm 54 against operation by its spring 56 at the moment that it is unlocked by arm 65 when arm 65 is operated back to normal by cam 51. Arm 64 has-not been operated in the shift-code cycle, tape |8 has not been stepped in that cycle, and

the record for A in the tape 8 remains aligned with feelers Shaft i2 and arm l3 continue in rotation and i start upon the cycle of transmission for the character A, with the conditions shown in Fig. 2 modifled in positions as indicated in Fig. 6. When I! for spring operation, feelers ll in l and 2 positions have operated their contacts IS responsively to the instant code perforation for A, and feeler 43 sensing now the shift or unshift record of the forthcoming code record for the character 1',

Fig. 10, has engaged tape i8 because of the absence of a record-hole in that position, and has rotated to its middle position and has stopped.

there with feeler 43 stopped by tape l8 as shown in Fig. 3. Transfer lever 44 has been rotated by lever 43 into its middle position so that left-hand abutment 44A is in alignment with lefthand abutment 46A of transfer lever 45. Transmission of signals for A upon line Ill proceeds as shaft |2- rotates farther.

ments 46A, 44A, thus rocking transfer lever 46 counterclockwise and-operating pallet 41 into its 50 initial position as shown in Figs. 2 and '7. Hook pawl releases scape 49 and shaft 5| rotates a few degrees and causes scape 53 to engage pawl 1|, thus stopping shaft 5| at about 90 degrees. I

' When shaft |2 passes 315 degrees, cam 59 operates pallet 54 to release scape 53 and shaft 5| starts, turning now for 43 degrees and reaching 135 degrees when shaft l2 reaches zero position.

Shaft 5| will be stopped by engagement of scape 53 with hook pawl 12, cam 51 will have operated 60 arm into locking position, andall parts shown in Fig. '7, including switches 58 and 30, will be now in their positions as shown in Fig. 7, with shaft 5| at about I35 degrees as indicated by dots 50. The final effect of cam 62 is to cause arm 16 65 to pass 'to'locked position with relation to the tooth of arm- 65 and to stop tape l8, thus positioning the perforated record for r, Fig. 10,-over feelers l1, Fig. 2.

Because the last code transmitted was A and the next code to be transmitted is r, it isr'equired to transmit unshift code to line Ill. The conditions have been setup for .an unshift-code cycle. Cam l2 when passing zero position holds all contact springs l9 in engagement with con- 1 tacts 2|, of which contact of segment i) is con- When shaft 2 completes about degrees, cam 62 operates arm 63 to cause transfer lever 46 to engage transfer lever 44 at left-hand abutmined signal.

nected to spacing battery. 29 over wire 28, contact of segment 3 is connected over wire 36 and through operated switch 58 to marking battery 42, and contacts of segments 1, 2, 4, 5 are connected over wire 32 and operated switch 30 to marking battery 42, thus setting up electrical potentials upon segments 0 to 5 for the code for unshift. Feeler arm 43 is held at normal by locking arm 65 through arm 16 and bail 24, which in turn holds transfer lever 44 in first or normal position as shown in Fig. 2 with no abutments in alignment.

Transmission of "unshift follows in manner similar to transmission of shift as described above, with the exceptions that the signal from segment 3 is marking and that code-shift shaft 5| advances from 135 degrees to degrees, which is a normalposition, and all parts shown in Fig.2 are in the positions shown in Fig. 2.

In the next cycle of shaft |2, transmission follows for 1- in manner as for A with the exception that feeler 43 finds no record hole in tape |8 and accordingly transfer lever 44 is rotated to middle position, but no action results by transfer lever 46 and pallet 41 so long as an unshift" or no hole record condition is sensed by feeler 43 in tape I8.

Particular attention is again directed to the simplified operation of the described apparatus in that so long as either normal or shifted condition prevails, the transmitting mechanism may continue to function as an ordinary transmitter may be expected to do, no time being lost for determining the succeeding transmission processes, but accomplishing these objects during the same time and in collaboration with the incidental transmission functions. Also, that when the standard signal transmission is suspended forthe interjection of a shift or unshift signal, only so much time is occupied thereby as is inherently required by such interjected signals. Thus the time occupied in accomplishing the conversion from one system of triansmission to the other does not exceed that by which the incidents of the latter system inherently differ from that of the former.

Certain optional practices have been illus- 1 trated and explained in connection with the foregoing description such as the degrees of rotation of shaft 5| f0? effecting each shift condition, and the shapesof cams 55; 56, and 51, as well as the connection of the upper contacts with switches 58 and 30 so as to transmit a certain predeterother signal maybe similarly arranged for trans-- mission if .desired, thus the essentials of the present invention are more far'reaching than might be understood from the mere contemplation of the shift and unshift signal accommodations and may include the transmission of other or additional signals under similar or related conditions.

Reperforator It is considered obvious that any v remote station whose apparatus may 'l'ie1:esponsive solely to'an added perforationtape to reconvert the signals accordingly. For this purpose the mechanism illustrated in Fig. 9 anddisclosed in the copending application ,referred to above may be employed.

The'incoming signals being received over line I9 are impressed upon the windings of a polar magnet BI which controls the setting of a mean alignment of notches 92 to receive either of chanical distributor and storage device. The armature 82 of magnet 8i, reciprocating in accordance with the electrical conditions impressed upon the windings, alternatively blocks and clears the path of a flutter lever 83, which correspondingly shifts a selector cam barrel 84 longitudinally. A series of card projections 85, arranged in a spiral progression upon cam -barrel 86, set selectively a series of storage elements 86 in accordance with received signal impulses. The corn dition of the several storage elements 86 is then simultaneously transferred through the medium of a set of transfer levers 81 to-a similar set of reciprocating levers 88 to which are connected a set of interposition bars 89. Those elements 86 which are set in accordance with a marking impulse cause the presentment of their associated bars 89 in their advanced position so as to underlie associated punches 9|, while those of the elements 86 which are impressed with a spacing signal withdraw their bars89 so as to clear the punches 9i. a

When a shift or unshift code of signals is. received, levers .88 are positioned so as to'aiford the two responsive bails 93 and 94. The bail 93 responds to, the shift code, and upon its operation rocks lever 95 counterclockwise and moves lever 96 forward so as to present interposition bar 91 in its effective position, while the bail 94 upon its operation, causesits arm 949 to engagethe arm 959 to rock lever 95 counterclockwise upon its pivot 99 so as to retum lever 96, thus withdrawing bar 91 from itsv effective position.

In this manner the levers 89 are made to afford a selection of the bails 93 or 94 previous to the actuation of the punch operating mechanism, and to suspend the punch operation in the following way if either a shift or unshift code of signals is received.

' Ball 93 is provided with an offset extension arm 98, while bail SE is provided with a similar but symmetrically opposite arm extension 99. Upon the selection of either of these bails, the extension, arm 99 or 99 engages a projection II of an. overslung bail I 92, rocking the bail clockwise and causing its depending arm I93 to move an underslung bail I9l out of engagement with a shoulder I95 of the punch operating arm I99. This disconnection is eifectuated upon the operationof either bail '93 or 99, but is immediately restored for the subsequent operating cycle when a succeeding code is transferred. The restoration is effected by an arm I9l which carries a striker I98 for returning bail I92, and which arm I9? is carried by the transverse bail I99. A follower roller for actuating bail I99 is carried by arm Iii of bail I99 and travels ina box cam character signal by its presence or absence therewith. I v In this manner the received shift-code is converted to an impulse-shift record for the purpose set forth.

It will be understood, of course, that where the 'receiving mechanism is responsive directly to shift and unshift' codes, the aforedescribed reconversion will be unnecessary.

It will be obvious that numerous modifications and adaptations of the principles herein disclosed may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. It is therefore intended not to be limited to the details illustrated in the accompanying drawings nor to the specific language in the foregoing description, but to be permitted a latitude of interpretation in accordance'with the hereinafter appended'claims.

ings of said tape reader, and means for transmitting additional signal codes over said distributor under control of single perforations in said tape.

2. The combination set forth in claim 1, in-

cludingmeans for storing said additional codes,

and means responsive, toboth said stored codes and said first mentioned transmitted codes for reperforating a tape.

3=- In a telegraph transmitting apparatus, the' method of communication which comprises the steps of sensing telegraph signals of a definite unit code'in a physical recording means in which each code is comprise of a definite number of elements each element of which may have alter- -native signalling characteristics, and immediately transmitting corresponding electrical signals of a lesser unit code. 4. The method set forth in claim 3, including the step of reconverting said transmitted electrical signals into a set of stored signals corresponding to the original stored signals.

5. In a tape-controlled telegraphic communitioh system, a tape reader responsive to signal perforations in a tape, said tape having perforations arranged in codes and each code-having a predetermined number of unit elements, a signal distributor adapted to transmit signal codes of a lesser number of unit elementsthan that of said tape, means for transmitting signals over said distributor under control of some of the concurrent readings of said tape reader, and means for transmitting further signals under control of the remaining readings, the total number of signals. transmitted being greater than the number of concurrent readings.

6. In a tape-controlled telegraphic communication system, a tape reader responsive to signal perforations in a tape, said tape having perforations arranged in codes and each code having a predetermined number of unit elements, a signal distributor adapted to transmit signal codes of a lesser number ofunit elements than that of said tape, means for transmitting codes of signals over said distributor under control of the readings of codes of perforations in said tape, and nieans including a set of code settmg ele ments responsive to the elements of said tape codes in excess of corresponding distributor codes for creating further codes to be transmitted over said distributor.

7. In atape-controlled automatic telegraphic transmitter, a distributor head having a set of signal impulse segments, a set of sensing members individually responsive to alternative consponsive to alternative conditions of said further sensing member for impressing a set of electrical conditions upon said set of segments.

8. In a tape-controlled telegraphic transmit-- ter, a rotary distributor having a set of impulse elements, a tape reader responsive to perforations in one part of a tape for associating corresponding electrical potentials with said impulse ele-. ments, and means forsuspending the operation of said tape reader under control of other perforations of said tape and for supplying other electrical potentials to said impulse elements.

'9. In a tape-controlled transmission system, a distributor, a tape sensing apparatus adapted to receive perforated tape bearing character signal perforations and conditioning signal perforations, a set of circuit closers insaid apparatusresponsive to said character signal perforations and operative with said distributor for impressing corresponding electrical signals upon a line, a further set of circuit closers, and means responsive to said conditioning signal perforations and operative to arrest said tape sensing apparatus to operate said further set of circuit closers to close predetermined circuit combinations for impressing further electrical signals upon the line, and thereafter to release said tape sensing apparatus.

10. In a transmission system, the method of controlling a code-shift receiving mechanism at a remote station by use of an impulse-shift tape which includes the steps of converting the shift impulse record of each complete code of the tape into a shift-code of signals, and arresting transmission of character signals to transmit the said shift-code of signals between character codes of signals.

11. A method of reducing signaling time in the transmission of signals having equal numbers of impulse intervals which includes the steps of considering the signals as belonging to two classes, diminishing by one the number of intervals of each signal, sending a conditioning signal to introduce the signals of each class, and following it with all of the consecutive signals which relate to that class.

12. The method of communication which comprises the steps of storing telegraph signals of a definite .unit code, transmitting corresponding electrical signals in terms of a lesser unit code, and distinguishing between similar signals in the two codes by independent modifying signals acadapted to control the transmission of shift codes one of said set of signal elements.

16. In a record reader mechanism, a plurality of elements responsive to the perforated conditions of a tape, a subjective mechanism cyclically operated to receive a setting from said feelers,

means for advancing the tape in said record reading means while permitting the continued operation' of said subjective mechanism.

.17. In ar'nautomatic telegraph transmitter, a plurality of tape sensing elements, a tape advancing mechanism, means to transmit a code of signals in accordance with the setting of certain of said elements between operations of said mechanism, and means for transmitting a plurality of 19. In a record reader for telegraphic transmitting devices, a record feeding mechanism comprising a cyclically moving member, means for actuating said member subsequent to each read,- ing of the record, and means to defer a reading of the record and actuation of said member for a time period of one cycle in response to some readings of the record.

20. In a tape controlled telegraphic transmitting mechanism, a distributor, tape controlled contacts, a source of current, circuit connections from said source through said contacts to said distributor, and further contacts included in said circuit connections for varying the circuit connections between said source and said distributor independently of said tape controlled contacts.

21. In a telegraphic communication system, a

tape reader responsive to signal perforations in a tape, having perforations arranged in codes each code of which comprises a predetermined number of unit elements, a signal distributor to transmit a signal code of a lesser number of unit elements than appearing in said tape, means for transmitting a code of signals over said distributor under control of the code perforations in said tape, and means controlled by the difference between a corresponding code of said tapejand the code of said distributor for transmitting an ad-,

ditional signal over said distributor.

22. In a perforated record-controlled automatic telegraph transmitter, a distributor, a set of character signal segments in said distributor, a record reader including a set of character perforation feelers, a shift impulse perforation fe'eler, means individual to each one of said character perforation feelers for impressing a predetermined electrical potential upon one of said segments of said distributor, and means responsive to the control of said shift impulse perforation feeler for impressing a predetermined set of electrical notchof said segments in said distials upon several tributor.

23. In a tape controlled telegraphic transmitter, a distributor including a set of impulse elements, a set of contactors each individual to" one of said elements for controlling the association of electrical potentials therewith in accordance with character perforations in the tape,'and a plurality of contactors for controlling the association of electrical potentials with the several of said elements under the control of an additional perforation associated with said character perforations.

24. In a telegraph system, a tape sensing apparatus to receive perforated tape bearing character signal perforations and conditioning signal perforations, a set of circuit closers in said apparatus responsive to said character signal perforations and operative for impressing corresponding electrical signals upon a line, a further set of circuit, closers for impressing electrical signals upon said line, means responsive to said conditioning signal perforations and operative to arrest said tape sensing apparatus from further operating said first mentioned set of circuit closers for impressing electrical signals upon the line, a reperforating apparatus having a receiving distributor responsive vto the signals transmitted over said line, a set of punches for installing code perforations in the tapeunder the control of said character signals, and a conditioning device responsive to said further electrical signals for modifying the installed codes of perforations.

25. In a telegraph system, a tape sensing apparatus' to receive perforated tape bearing character signal perforations and conditioning signal perforations,a set of circuit closers in said apparatus responsive to said character signal perforations and operative for impressing corresponding electrical signals upon a line, a further set of circuit closers, means responsive to said conditioning signal perforations and operative to arrest said tape sensing apparatus from further operating said first mentioned set of circuit closers for impressing electrical signals upon the line, a remote station having a character signal responsive apparatus connected to said line, a conditioning sign al responsive device, and means under the control of the signal responsive device for modifying the performance of the signal responnals in accordance with the conditions of said levers, and means responsive to said levers upon a change of case for inserting a signal indicative of the succeeding case.

27. In a telegraph transmitter, a case determining lever, ,signal transmitting means, and means responsive to the operation of said case determining lever to cause said signal transmitting means to transmit first a case determining signal and then a character signal to be modified by said case determining signal.

28. In a telegraph communication system, a start-stop transmitting distributor, a record reader, means to operate the record reader intermittently, means to operate said distributor cyclically to transmit a signal corresponding to each operation of said record reader, and means to operate said distributor through a plurality of cycles for transmitting a corresponding plurality of signals in response to certain single operations of said record reader.

29. In a telegraph transmitter, a. plurality of signal elements, means to adjust said elements in accordance with various signal combinations, means to transmit telegraph signals in accordance with the settings of certain of said elements, and additional-means to transmit a special signal in accordance with a changed setting of other of said elements.

, 30. Ina telegraph transmitter, a set of transmitting elements, means to position said elements in varying permutations in accordance of perforations in the tape, a tape feeding wheel periodically operable after each tape reading, and means for deferring the operation of said sensing feelers and said feed wheel for a time interval corresponding to one cycle of operation, said means being responsive to a combination of tw consecutive readings of the tape.

32. In a tape controlled telegraphic transmit ting device in which a tape is perforated with combinational perforations each one of which is arranged in a row transverse of the tape, tape reading feelers forsensing periodically a plu-' rality of perforations in a tape, a feed wheel 7, periodically. operable for each tape reading, a

means for comparing two successive readings of a tape, and means for deferring the operation of said feelers and said wheel for a time interval equivalent to one cycle under the control of said comparing means. I i

33. Ina record reader for telegraphic transmitting devices, a record reading mechanism,

means for actuating said mechanism cyclically, and means to suspend the actuation of said mechanism fora time interval equivalent to one cycle of operation in response to certain record readings of said mechanism.

34. In a tape controlled telegraphic transmitting device in which the tape is perforated with combinational perforations and individual per-.-

- forations, a set of feelers for sensing periodically a plurality of said combinational and individual perforations, and means for deferring the performance of said feelers for a cyclic time interval in response to certain readings of said individual perforations.

-35. In a tape controlled telegraphic transmitting device in which a control form is provided having combinationalperforations, tape reading means for sensing periodically pluralities of perforations in said form, means for comparing two successive readings of a tape, and further means for arresting the operation of said tape reading means for a cyclic time interval, said further means being responsive to said first means.

36. In a tape controlled transmitting mechanism, a distributor, a set of distributor transmitting contacts, a source of current potential, circuit connections from said source through said contacts to said distributor, further contacts included in said circuit connections for modifying the circuit paths between said source and said contacts, a tape sensing apparatus, and means controlled by said apparatus for variously actuating said further contacts.

37. In a tape controlled telegraphic transmitting apparatus, a distributor, tape controlled contacts, a tape sensing mechanism, a source of current potential, circuit connections from said source through said contacts to said distributor, additional contacts included in said circuit connections for modifying the circuit paths between said source and said distributor independently of said tape controlled contacts, and code storing mechanism for comparing control signals of said tape for actuating said additional contacts. v

38. In a tape controlled'teiegraphic transmitting mechanism, a signal sending means, an auxiliary signal sending means, comparison means comprising first and second members, the first member controlled by a tape and the second,

member controlled by the first member and in turn controlling said auxiliary sending means,

said second member retaining any position into which it may be set by said first member, and said first member operating cyclically and in response to tape control to set said second member in accordance with tape control in any cycle.

39. A tape controlled telegraphic transmitting mechanism as described in claim 38 in which the tape control is exercised by a shift or unshift record in the tape and in which the auxiliary signal sending means transmits a shift or unshift code of signals.

40. In a telegraphic code controlled mechanism, a. first pivoted lever operable cyclically in accordance with an element of a code, a second pivoted lever operable by said first pivoted lever, a pivot for said first lever, and a pivot for said second lever, said pivots being arranged in angular relation with each other.

41. A mechanism as described in claim 40, in which said first lever has two strikers and functions in three positions to present one or the other or neither of said strikers into the plane of said second lever in accordance with the selected position of said first lever.

42. In a telegraphic code controlled mechanism, a first means operable in accordance with an element of a code, a second means operable by said first means, said first means having three positions and said second means being operable by said first means in either of two of its said three positions.

43. In a telegraphic code controlled mechanism, a first pivoted lever operable cyclically in accordance with an element of a code, a second pivoted lever operable by said first pivoted lever, strikers on said first lever for operating said second lever, a pivot for said first lever, and a pivot forsaid second lever, said pivots being arranged in angular relation with each otherwhereby said strikers of said first lever are moved into and out of the plane of said second lever in'accordance with the selective position of said first lever.

2,057,111 distributor independently of said tape controlled prises the following steps: assigning a first character and a second character to each of a plurality of character codes in a system of codes of equal length combinations of signals, each character code representing both a first character and a second character, assigning an area of recording tape for receiving records of character codes, assigning another area of recording tape for receiving further records to indicate character classification whereby first and second character classes are identified, assigning a first master code of signals to indicate only first characters and assigning a second master code of signals to indicate second characters, sensing first said further record, and transmitting in response thereto the code signals of either said first master code or said second master code as indicated by the sensed further record, then sensing said recorded char-'- acter code and transmitting in response thereto the corresponding code of signals.

46. A method of convertingtelegraphic intelligence from one system of codes to another system of codes which comprises: assigning a longitudinal area of recording tape for recording character codes, assigning a longitudinal area of the said recording tape for recording shift and unshift codes, sensing the shift and unshift area of the tape and transmitting a shift or unshift code of signals in accordance therewith, then sensing the character area of the tape and transmitting a character code of signals in accordance therewith.

ligence from one system of codes to another system of codes which comprises: assigning a longitudinal area of a recording tape for recording character codes, assigning a longitudinal area of the said recording tape for recording shift and unshift codes, sensing the shift and unshift area of the tape, comparing the instant sensing with the immediately preceding sensing of said shift and unshift area of the tape, and, in the event that an instant sensing is found to be diiferent from the immediately preceding sensing of said shift and unshift area of the tape, transmitting a shift or unshift code of signals in accordance therewith, then sensing the character area of the tape and transmitting a character code of signals in accordance therewith.

48.'A method of telegraphy for converting a permutation code system having a given number of constituent impulses into a permutation code system having a different number of constituent impulses, which comprises the steps of converting those impulses by which one system differs from the other into complete permutation signals, and interjecting said signals intoa message in accompaniment with the principal code signals to which they are associated.

49. In a telegraph transmission system, means 47. A method of converting telegraphic intelfor issuing telegraph signals of a code having a basic number of impulse intervals, means responestablishing corresponding signals of a code hav-- ing a different basic number of impulse intervals, and means for indicating the difference between said codes with respect to the differential intervals in terms of additional signals having a num- I ber of impulse intervals corresponding to said different basic'code.

50. In a telegraph system, a source of permutation telegraphsignals constituting various com,- binations of a basic unit code, means responsive to predetermined units of each signal for establishing corresponding signals having units in the representing the numerical difference between same order of occurrence but in a lesser basic unit code, and means responsive to the differential units for interjecting a code combination of units indicative of a change of case. 51. The method of signalling which comprises the steps ofpreparing a physical code storage device with consecutively arranged signals, sens-. ing a plurality of said signals concurrently, and determining a selection by the composite manifestations of said plurality of signals.

52. In a record reader mechanism for sensing transversely arranged rows of perforations in a tape, means to sense some of the perforations of one row simultaneously with some of the perforations of another row, and means for determining an ultimate selection by the composite attributes of said perforations.

53. In a telegraph transmittingapparatus, a tape sensing mechanism including a set of feelers, a signal distributor for issuing electrical potentials in accordance with the manifestations of said feelers, means for correlating the operation of said feelers and said distributor in timed sequence, and means under the control of special signals to vary the time interval between said operations.

54. The method of controlling a telegraph transmitter operative on a permutation code of a lower numerical order under the supervision of a control tape having indicia in accordance with a permutation code of a higher numerical order, which comprises the insertion in the transmission of code signals of case determining signals secutive code signals relating thereto.

10 a case determining signal with each group of con- 56. In a telegraph apparatus, a rotatable shaft,

driving means irictionally associated with said shaft, means for performing a selective function in accordance with the angular position of said shaft, signal controlled means for determining the angular position of said shaft comprising an escape wheel secured to said shaft having a plurality of escape teeth, a pallet member having alternative engagement elements to be associated with said escape wheel, and signal controlled means for reciprocating said pallet member to present its elements to' said escape wheel alternatively.

5'7. In a telegraph apparatus, signal initiating means, a rotatable shaft, elements carried by said shaft for controlling said signal initiating means, a source of power, frictional coupling means between said source of power and said shaft,'and means for determining the angular position of said shaft comprising an escape wheel and a pallet cooperating therewith.

LOUIS M'. PO'ITS.

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