US2278771A

US2278771A - Stencil for and process of printing

Info

Publication number: US2278771A
Application number: US238548A
Authority: US
Inventors: Csaszar Paul Joseph
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1938-11-03
Filing date: 1938-11-03
Publication date: 1942-04-07
Anticipated expiration: 1959-04-07

Description

April 7, 1942. P. J. csAszAR 2,278,771

STENCIL' FOR AND PROCESS vOF PRINTING 'Filed Nov.l s, 195e 00.000 000900 9,7 0000000 \%Oq=0o .ZOQOOOO Sg?? 0000 n n u [L ngnnuu n nun n una nun nun

@S CSMSD l l. f INVENTOR.

w Pa/ul J. (,uvzar, 316 f BY g l '71 J ATTORNEY* PatentedApr-.r'i 1942 '-l d y as half-tone or other.photoraphicallyprepare-d plates.

This invention relates'l yto stencilsheets Vand to processes for u making' multicolored desigrnsgbyy rstencil is formed` for "eachmpart L of the design to which each color/is to be. applied. For, exV

amp-le, if. a' design has anumber of areas in vvhich red is to be applied, a'stencil is fcut torernova those portions corresponding to the red parts of the design. Similarstencils aresimilarlyfformed for the remaining colors. The variousstencils are affixed to vtautly stretched piecesof` line meshed fabric, .s uch-assilk,l land the color-is apv plied through the uncoveredmportionof the` silk;v y20 stencils' are used successively/'sto applythe vari -ous colors so thatwhen all 'or the fstencuilshavq onto thesu'rface that isi'to .bear-the design.A The been used and the colors applied, acomplete de#l stencils requires considerable' skill and'r'any f is to provide stencil A'n'obje'ctof the presentinvention, accordingly, y

materials capable of pro-' ducin'g hau-tone effects., L v l y y Another. object of 'theinventi'on is to -provide stencil 'sheetsfo'r' producing shaded sections or vsections having `gradually changing 'color values in amulticolored design.' l

An additional object-is to provide stencil'sheet's whichv are'y perforated jso thatfcolo'rs applied through the perforatlons.r will print as dots,

y sign4 in colors 'is formed. Preparationaoffthe operations inforderto. produce'reasonablyiaithi ful reproduction. of'1 the .l'coloration-rr of the dej sired design. Howeven-Leven withthe-incisi/ carer ful work and the useffof a great manygstencils, it is almost impossible to produce accurate Shading and true renditionwo'f theftonalvalues ofthe.,

design.

shading "orf rddfum `chi1gdm1lcdir vaines@ ordinarily are obtainedbyapplylng the colors inn the desired:areasjwithan'air brush. However,, i

air' brush lwork is somewhat unsatisfactory except when doneby'a highly -skilled,artisarh v loathe reason that it is extremely ,difiicult tofapply, paint 1 uniformly 'to a seriesof designs andeven'thenis:l

very slow. f

Vv.Itiswell known,rv of course,fthat colors can -bereadily reproduced with printing platesprepared photographically bymeans' of: 'halftc`mescreens.V

Half-tone plates, or fother y'photographically prepared plates, however,- are considerably more' 'exif 4 pensive 'than ste'nc'ilsfancll many operations as," well as a vhig'h degreeiof` skill are required in'theirr thereby'allowing control of vshade `and tintof 1' printed' color by vvariations'in the size andspac-` l y ing of. the Ldots.'

duction of mumcpir designs. i erall`yI of thini I material, `'pi-gefeitably transparent or y,transllicent, 'having' :in multiplicity of minute perfor-ations,f'thereizn' Ihe r'size yof Vthe .perfora-- tlnsmay befvarled, as desired, butv are on the,v order off'thesizeof dots produced, by meansof a fairly. -.coarse halftone screen orlarger. u Preferably. the ,size' ofthe .perforations in oney stencil f ysheet is'the same `and aplurality-fof sheets each having perforatlcns'of diiierent size form a come," y pletey 'set of `stencils. However, in ysome instances it maybe desirable" to` provide stencil sheetsfin,

y which the` 4pattern?and"the, size of the 'perfora 1 tions 4will varyin .o'rfder to produce lsmoothly preparation, 'thereby 'rendering .their use economically'unsatisfactoryfor the production vci?y small A numbers 'of cc'ilored designs; It ywould 'highly desirable; therefore, to produce 'a' processi l and ,materials'which are' siihstmitially as'ikinexpensive" in u's'e asV stencils t' and"`at 'the same ltime' capable of reproducing ycolor values as faithfully Ygradu ed variations inthe" tone colo' applied therethrough.

ordensity of thev IIV'h,v f aterialirom which thestencil sheets are y formed vmay vary widely.' For example, cellulose4 lms or lacquers, v paper, metallic foils r. f, llms rformed frnil synthetic or fnatural resins,v fabrics having glue or lacquer/or gelatin )coatingsA or other similarv tough materiall which preventsl penetratio'ri-:for 'Passage Qi Color mar-- be used, Inasmuch as' fthe:coloring` materials `may be paints,

inks, lacduers", varnishespowders or crayons, a great variety of Ithaterials.may'- bel usedl as 'stencil a materials, jdependihg1- largely, upon the type' of vcoloringuma'terlals. to be used therewith', If r de-1` 'f sired, the stencil slicets'fmay'y be laminated, hav 1 ing apap "basca d a detachable n1r'nthereon`,f whichvlisjgdanaale 'fgleinget 'vinto the desired-l shape andappliel ytothelfahric screen. Anexf ample offthl'sfty'pe of material, is disclosed liny the: f

U. Sf'patent tcDAltiemOnt, Na-1,781,834, dated "Stencils 'embodying vthe invention consist ygen-fj.

with great facility for the reason that they allow the stencil to be cut accurately and are readily applied to the fabric screen without distortion.

In its broadest aspects the process consistsgenerally of the steps of forming stencils by removing portions which encompass the area in which a single solid color is to be placed and producing shades or tones of this color or blends Y locking clover leaves. Many modications'of the of the color with an adjacent color by means of perforations in the stencil. The stencil preferably is afilxed to a fabric screen, and the color may be applied through the open portions tothe material which is to bear the design. Gradatio'n in intensity and tone and blending of colors can `'be controlled by the use of perforated stencil portions which include perforationsof varying size. The colors may be blended by superimposing colors'through overlapping portions of successive stencils and thus not only may a greatvariety of shades and tints be produced but the number of colors required to produce the design may be materially reduced.

For a better understandingk ofv the present invention, reference may be had to the accom-` panying drawing, inwhichV .Figure 1 is a plan view of a'dels'ign tofbe re.1

produced by means of stencils;4

Fig. 2 is a plan viewof a stencil for applying the yellow portions'of the. design Fig. 3 is a stencil for applying ther'ed'portions of the design;

Fig. 4is a stencil for `applying the blue portions process andthe stencils used therein, theinvention will be described with reference to the production of the design I0 shown in Fig. 1.` `The design III includes a yellow lighthouse II on a dark green strip of land, I2, a lightblue sk y I3,v

pattern and shape of the perforations are possible, in addition to thosev described above. For example, as` shown in Fig. 8, the perforations 2l may be substantially rectangular in shape and, as shown in Fig. 9,' the perforationsi" may be arranged vin sinuous and transversely extending straight rows.

As shown in Fig.v 1l, it is possible likewise to produce `uniform gradations of tone by varying the size ofthe perforations from the small perforations l0, to largerand more closely spaced per,-

forations II. 'I'hisform of stencil sheet and likewise ythose di'sclos'edin Figs. 5 to l0 may be of laminatedconstruction consisting of a thin film Ilaof, forexample. lacquer shellac or cellulose material which is supportedfon `but separable froma paper base IIb. The iilmjlla'may have glue or other adhesive on its face to.v facilitate its application to a fabric screen.v :The perforations 30, 3| may befcrmed in the film lla or through the l Ia and base IIb.

It will be apparent `that b y varying the size andthe spacing of thejperforation's. the amount of paint or ink thatcan pass through the stencil will likewise be varied thus will vary the' shade or intensity of the color.

In determining tlfiettype2 of perforated stencil that is'to be applie'dfor reproducing thel green inland I2 of the design, duecar'e must be used in the selection of 'stencil-fportionshaving the a dark blue sea Hand a red buoy I! having a purple shaded portion IBL" Inaccordance with applicants process the designmay be reproduced by means of three stencils I'I, I8 and `|9,s`hown respectively vin Figs. 2, 3 and 4. Theistencili'l .is formed by superimposing on the design I0fa.

sheet of stencilmaterial 2li and outlining there# on the'portions which are to be reproduced in' yellow and green. -Inthis instance thellghthouse I I and the strip of land I2 will be outlined and the area withinthe outlines removed. stencil material is then applied to astripsof fine mesh material 2I,'such as for example silk, -orl of wire mesh fabric which isstretched'tightly ina frame 22. rIf this stencil 'weref used directly the. I strip of land I2 and the lighthouse II wouldbe reproduced as a uniform yellow color.` 1IjIowev'e-r. the stripof land I2 is to be a' natural or dark bluish green color and accordingl'ya strip of pera appropriate size perforationa yWhen this has been determined the perforated stencil material may be placed in the'proper'positionand color applied asv by meansV ofa sdu'ee'geeroll through 4the open-part ofthe stencil. A 4similar result may be ":l'atained by using a perforated stencil sheet for thee'ntire stencil, cutting awaya portion corresponding shapefto'the lighthouse and coatving all'except the-land part thereof'with a mate'-V `ria1 suchyas lacduer er varnish toflll up the perforations, thus `permitting coloring material to beapplied throng theflighthouse and land portionsof the stencil'only;l e v The red stencil Il is prepared in i similar way.

- That is, onlythe portion" correspondingto the The,

forated stencil'material 2I,such' as any of those shown in Figs. t

5. consists of a sheet 2l of pliable thin materialM having a plurality of Yvery `small v`perforations '2| to 11 isinset into tliiswcutawayl therein. The perforations 24 may be circularand may be of'a size corresponding ltothe dotsjfproduced by a coarse half-tone scr'eenforV they'1 may be larger, for the reasonv that in 'stencil work the screen pattern need not bef particularly sub" dued. YThe size of the dots!! maybe varied on"A Y different sheets, for example'as shownin 6V.'

buoy includinglth'e red vportieri Il 'and' the purple portion Il are cut fromthe stencil yand this stencil is likewise applied to 'a fabric' screen Il, superimposed on thej'yellow printed vportieri of the design andared coloring materialv applied through the opening'in thelstencil Il. j

The blue stencil Ilfi's formed byv applyml to the fabric screen 2 I portions-of imperfor'ate stencil: material III forpreven'ting application ofblue to the yellow printed portion ofthe lighthouse I I and theredspo'rtionof the buoy Il. .Y inasmuch as the lower portionzof the design I4 is tcrbe printed-a dark' blue.V no stencil material `isapplied tothe lower portionY ofthe screen 2|. The upper portion-of thedesign'corresponding to the skyZ Il istobeprinted a, lighter'bluerand therefore a `portionof; perforated stencil I2 ofa ltype ksimilar' to any of those disclosed yin Iiigsf` 5 to 10v is applied to .thaupperportion of the screen. it is desired to shade the blue portions Y it will be understoodI that .a, plurality of strips f l of stencil material having different of aper- .i 75

im' therein mi anni@ f wel material having graduated perforations therein, such as is disclosed in Fig. l1, may be used. Likewise, a portion of the perforated stencil 33 may be applied to the screen 2l corresponding Y to the part of the buoy which is to have a purple coloration in order to hold back the blue` and cause the portion I6 of the final design to have a reddish, purple cast. The completed stencil I9 is then superimposed upon the yellow and red printed portion of the design in register therewith and blue applied through the stencil. The combination of the blue with the yellow in the part I2 of the design will produce a green coloration of the portion I2, the lighthouse will be yellow, the left-hand portion I5 of the buoy will be red and the combination of red and blue in theportion I6 of the buoy will produce a purplish color. Likewise, the sea portion I4 will be dark blue,` while the perforated stencil 32 will cause the vsky portion I3y to print a lighter blue, thereby reproducing faithfully the colors that are desired in the design. To produce black, the colors may be superimposed by cutting out registering portions of the stencils as at 34 in Figs. 2, 3 and 4.

The use of perforated stencils of the type described above greatly reduces the number of operations and stencils that are required to produce a desired design. The reason for this is with facility by those who are familiar with prior stenciling practice.

It wm be understood that the stencil sheets in themselves aresusoeptible to wide variations in the size and shape of perforations as well-as the type of materials from which they are made. Substantially any material may be used, but preferably translucent or transparent materials such as celluloid, Bakelite,shellacked or lacquered papers or fabrics, glued papers, or cellulose or cellulosic derivatives are used in order to facilitate the outlining of the sections that are to be removed from the stencils. If the stencils have sufllcient strength. theyy may be used without a v supporting screen.v Therefore it will be apparent that many changes may be made in the specific details of the stencil sheets and their uses extended to fields other than that described above, without departing from the invention. Therefore it should be understood that'the embodiments described above vshould be considered as illustrative and not as limiting the scope of the followingV claim.

that the perforated stencils more or less automatically control the shade or intensity cf the colors. and likewise permit the colors to be blended. to produce intermediate colorv values. Thus with three stencils and three colors it is possible to produce many shades of color in addition to all colors-produced by'combination of the three colors used. VThe perforated` stencils do notappreciably alter the procedural or mechanical steps of printing and therefore may be used Iclaim: A l The process of making designs having solid and shaded tones, comprising forming a stencil with cut-out portions encompassing the solid and shaded tones ofthe color to be reproduced, fixing the stencil to a sheet of ne mesh fabric, xing to the fabric in the areas corresponding to the shaded tones stencil material having a multiplicity of perforations therein that vary in size in proportion tothe density of .the tone to be reproduced, and applying color tol a sheet through the stencil Vand fabric to produce said solid and shaded tones. Y Y

PAUL'.l JOSEPH CsAszAR.