US2278418A - Treatment of cellulosic material - Google Patents

Treatment of cellulosic material Download PDF

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Publication number
US2278418A
US2278418A US397906A US39790641A US2278418A US 2278418 A US2278418 A US 2278418A US 397906 A US397906 A US 397906A US 39790641 A US39790641 A US 39790641A US 2278418 A US2278418 A US 2278418A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
treatment
temperature
water
compound
pyridine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US397906A
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English (en)
Inventor
Baldwin Alfred William
Evans John Gwynant
Salkeld Charles Edward
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL50073D priority Critical patent/NL50073C/xx
Priority to BE421980D priority patent/BE421980A/xx
Priority claimed from GB1604536A external-priority patent/GB477991A/en
Priority to US113702A priority patent/US2278417A/en
Priority claimed from US113702A external-priority patent/US2278417A/en
Priority to FR822787D priority patent/FR822787A/fr
Application filed by Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd filed Critical Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Priority to US397906A priority patent/US2278418A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2278418A publication Critical patent/US2278418A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
    • D06M13/35—Heterocyclic compounds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
    • D06M13/46—Compounds containing quaternary nitrogen atoms
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
    • D06M13/46—Compounds containing quaternary nitrogen atoms
    • D06M13/47—Compounds containing quaternary nitrogen atoms derived from heterocyclic compounds

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a treatment of cellulosic materials, whereby they are given a permanent finish and other improved properties, the
  • cellulosic materials to include cotton and other cellulosic natural, fibres and regenerated cellulose substances in the form of fibre or film.
  • Cellulosic natural fibres include 1 flax, jute, hemp, and sisal, wood pulp and other seed coat or bast or other vegetable structural These andcotton are used in the manufacture of yarn and knitted and woven fabrics, and for making paper and cardboard.
  • the invention is applicable to the treatment of fibres in any stage of their-manufacture. It is, however, particularly directed to the manufacture of woven materials with improved properties.
  • the invention is-not limited to the treatment of fabrics or yarns composed wholly of the cellulosic material, but includes also a treatment'of composite fabrics or yarns, for instance, of union fabrics.
  • the improved properties conferred on, the cellulose materials after they have been treated according to the invention may be collectively described as permanent water-repellent properties.
  • woven fabrics may be so treated as to become water-repellent or showerproof, and. this finish is permanent, that is, it is unaffected or not seriously affected by exposure to the weather, or by laundering, drycleaning, or other cleansing operations.
  • the handle of the treatedmaterials' i. e.
  • the process of this invention is applicable to cellulosic materials-whether or not they have been dyed.
  • the materials have been dyed with certain dyestuffs substantive towards cellulose, namely, those of the direct cotton colour group. then another effect of the treatment is that the dyestuffs become more permanently attached to the material, 1. e. dyestuffs of this group become fixed.
  • Formula LR stand for radicals at least one of which consists of "or contains an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 10 or more carbon atoms which may be normal or branched paraffinoid or ethylenoid or may be a more complicated aliphatic hydrocarbon structure as in the parent hydrocarbon of the naphthenic acids or their hydrogenation products.
  • the group B" may be of the'form R-C O-N- where R-CO- is the radical of a fatty acid,i. e.
  • N (tert) When N (tert) is heterocyelic it is typified by pyridine, but picoline or other pyridineand R" ed to the bath.
  • the compound of Formula I above is dissolved or suspended in aqueous medium usually water alone to give a dilute aqueous solution or suspension.
  • aqueous medium usually water alone
  • the operation of impregnating the cellulosic material may be carried out preferably at a temperature below 40 C. especially when diluteaqueous solutions (e. g. 0.1%) are used; with more concentrated solutions (e. g. 1%) a. hotter, even boiling solution may be applied; However, when kept at temperatures above 40 C.
  • a cotton fabric impregnated with an aqueous solution of stearamidomethylpyridinium chloride and dried inmore or less stagnant air, as in an oven without artificial circulation should preferably be not submitted to a drying temperature of more than '30 C. inasmuch as the higher the temperature at'this stage the more the intensity of the ultimate water repellent effect tends tovdiminish.
  • the impregnated-material is dried in a brisk current of hot air so that the water is removed rapidly -(in about 3 minutes) then the factory finish, not so resistant to organic solvents,
  • a dilute aqueous 5 solution of the compound e. g. stearamidomethyl-pyridinium chloride may be employed, and
  • the concentration may be as low as 0.05%.
  • the fabric is padded in this solution, and squeezed. It then contains about its own weight of solution, and thus the amount ofcompound with which the fabric is impregnated is about the same percentage of the weight of the cloth as the percentage strength of the solution.
  • the padding is conveniently carried out at about 40 C. Higher temperatures are preferably avoided, as the compound used tends to decompose in hot aqueous solution. Thus, a 0.5% aqueous solution of stearamidomethyl-pyridinium chloride becomes useless if it has been kept at 60 C. for
  • the baking treatment is essential for the production of permanent water-repellent proper ties.
  • the impregnated material begins to show water-repellent properties after baking for ten minutesat 65v but the optimum effects are obtained when baking is carried out at 90 to 120 C. Poorer results are obtained at a higher temperature, e. g. 150 C.
  • the time of baking necessary to produce the desired finishes varies with the baking temperature and dependsalso on the nature of the impregnation reagent.
  • the time of baking can be shortened at higher temperatures. For example using stearamidomethylpyridinium chloride one must bake at 105 C. for five minutes, or at 120 C. for one-and-a-half minutes.
  • the baking time should, of course, be
  • wetting agents such as wetting agents, or buffering agents
  • Suitable wetting agents are the formaldehyde-naphthalene-sulphonic acid condensation products. Alkaline substance or especially substances that have a buffering action,
  • Suitable such substances are pyridine, borax, disodium hydrogen phosphate or sodium acetate.
  • Hexamethylene-tetramine also is a suitable adiuvant as it decomposes when heated to give ammonia.
  • the cellulosimmaterial is passed through or dipped in this dilute aqueous bath, the mechanical handling being of course suited to the nature of the material.
  • drying is preferably carried out at a relatively low temperature (hereinafter referred to as the drying temperature).
  • the heating is at a higher temperature (conveniently called the baking tem-' perature) V
  • the drying temperature is preferably low. It is kept low in order that there may be no premature decomposition of the salt. But temperature (tendering). 0
  • Example 1 Cotton sheeting is immersed for ten minutes at 20 C. in an impregnating bath consisting of a solution of five parts of stearamidomethylpyridinium chloride in 1000 parts of water.
  • the impregnated material is then squeezed and dried by heating for ten minutes at 105 C.
  • a fabric having a water-repellent finish and soft handle is obtained.
  • the finish is resistant to dry-cleaning and laundering.
  • Example 2 100 parts of cotton material which been idinium chloride. The impregnated, dy material is squeezed-dried at 40 C. and then heated for ten minutes at to- C. The
  • Stearamidomethylpyridinium m nitrobenzenesulphonate Stearamidomethylpyridinium nitrate
  • the starting out materials may be the fatty acids' of palm oil, cotton seed oil, tallow, or derived acids such as those obtained by the processes of fat hydrogenation.
  • fatty alcohols being those made by the reduction of the aforesaid fatty acids, or obtained from natural sources, such as by saponification of spermaceti or sperm oil.
  • Some of the said compounds are made by bringing together a hydroxymethylamide of a fatty acid and a tertiary amine salt or an addition compound of a tertiary amine and an inorganic acid anhydride: for example, stearohydroxymethylamide (made from stearamide and paraformaldehyde) is treated with pyridine hydrochloride in pyridine; or stearamide, paraformaldehyde, and anhydrous pyridine hydrochloride,
  • pyridine-nitrate, pyridine m nitrobenzene-sulfonate or the like are caused to react together in pyridine solution; or stearomethylamide, formaldehyde and hydrogen chloride are interact to give stearomethylamido methyl chloride, which is then combined with pyridine or other tertiary amine (methyl heptadecylcarbam ate behaves similarly to stearomethylamide)
  • trimethylamine or triethanolamine may be used.
  • the temperature of the baking treatment may vary from 70 to 200 C., the duration of the treatment being conveniently adjusted so as to avoid undue injury to the fibre.
  • time of the baking-treatment may vary from a few seconds to one hour.
  • drying treatment may vary as to time and temperature as already indicated above. 1
  • the concentration of the treating agent in the aqueous solution may vary from 0.01% to 2% or even higher if desired.
  • the quantity of the agent applied with respect to the weight of fibre treated may be so chosen by controlling the amount of solution left upon the fibre after the bulk of the be varied within wide limits, withliquid has been squeezed out and may be from 0.01 %to 2% or more by weight of the fibre.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
US397906A 1936-06-08 1941-06-13 Treatment of cellulosic material Expired - Lifetime US2278418A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL50073D NL50073C (en:Method) 1936-06-08
BE421980D BE421980A (en:Method) 1936-06-08
US113702A US2278417A (en) 1936-06-08 1936-12-01 Treatment of cellulosic material
FR822787D FR822787A (fr) 1936-06-08 1937-06-08 Procédé de traitement des matières cellulosiques
US397906A US2278418A (en) 1936-06-08 1941-06-13 Treatment of cellulosic material

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1604536A GB477991A (en) 1936-06-08 1936-06-08 Treatment of cellulosic textile materials, paper, films and the like
US113702A US2278417A (en) 1936-06-08 1936-12-01 Treatment of cellulosic material
US397906A US2278418A (en) 1936-06-08 1941-06-13 Treatment of cellulosic material

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2278418A true US2278418A (en) 1942-04-07

Family

ID=32096635

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US397906A Expired - Lifetime US2278418A (en) 1936-06-08 1941-06-13 Treatment of cellulosic material

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2278418A (en:Method)
BE (1) BE421980A (en:Method)
FR (1) FR822787A (en:Method)
NL (1) NL50073C (en:Method)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2219280A (en) * 1938-05-31 1940-10-29 Soc Of Chemical Ind Dyestuffs and process of making same
GB831599A (en) * 1955-01-31 1960-03-30 Jointine Products Company Ltd Coating fibres

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR822787A (fr) 1938-01-07
NL50073C (en:Method)
BE421980A (en:Method)

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