US2274326A - Hand loom - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 24, 1942. IM, o, GALUNGER I 2,274,326

7 f7 fia. 2.

Y INVENTOR: m faw WMM/M ATTORNEY type having a of construction `beingvframe structurelof the loomin:

`frame structure comprises a .rear

Patented Pelo.A 24, 1942 PAT-.Eur*OFFICE HANDLOOMV Y original appucatmmfMay 12;4 isi-asf seria-1 No'.

f 207,690.; Divided'and Thisfinvention` relates tof improvements inf. looms andv'particularly `looms of the hand-0p.` eratedutype, the present.y 'pplicationf being a.. division. otfgmy. earlier lapplication i Serial No. 207,690,1iledMay 13 .1938.9 y, i l

A major objectv of the invention is totprovidex a r,hand-operated. loom of warpwis Wound aroundy the. rectangular frame of the `loom and in which theframe structure is adjustable in length and has ani improved `construction facilitating both assembly of the .structure and operation of the loom in weaving.

n Other objects of ythe invention more or-less incidental or ancillaryito the foregoingwillappear as the descriptionproceeds.

With-` the noted objects in View the inventionf consistsin variousfeatures of construction, ar-

the .type in which the,`

rangements. and combinations of parts which will be `pointed vouta-nd explained with. reference tol.

a loom of. preferred form: shown in 'the accom-- panying drawing. I t In the drawing, I

Fig.1 is a plan view of: the' main parts of a loom ,embodying my improvements.

FigrZ I,is .a vertical section on the rline of Fig: 1.

Fig.v 3 is a verticalsectionon the line 3--3 1 of Fig. A1. l

Fig. 4 isa verticalxsectionyxon the lined-4f` of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 isa front'elevation of` the'combined beaterffand"y combfof. the loom, the .device beingpartially removed an-d a portion of the structure being broken away to disclose details of the construction.

Fig. v6 is a fragmentaryY perspective view showing oneof the heddle cord" for raising certainof `the'warp threadsto4 make the shed in the weaving operation.

The hand loom shownv in the drawing `is of y'the thewarp thread iscontinuously wound; the 1ro' the` top bar of 1 bars and the looped heddle gaging-.ftongues VIafpart supported in a slotted bar thisappli'cation April 12,5

sidelvbars Sgt Ii rigidly connected =tof theabeam'f :5.5 i by Ascrews. '1,1'Ly Thei-side bars-6,-61are slida'bly.;y engagedby-thesidebars 3,\3 and thetWo pairs of: bars: are. formed, respectively, withmutuallyen.v and-'grooves `.3% and. said bars arer disengageably clamped .in adjusted position.

- in. frelation to eachl other byV a .stru1,..orispacing.'`

bart` and .tensionlrod 9. The strut SwextendsA4 across the frame .-I with .its .ends engaging :the: slottedl lengthwise.,y (Fig. 2) .to receive rod.9..: Said rod extends through.,J a zslotl ineach bar. 3. and through.. transvere holes in 'bars-6,f.6... The threadedlends ofrod 9 ares ttedwith 4wing nuts. Gr.53@ which can. .readily be I @manipulated to loosen the.;tension .rod and per-w mit adjustment of. the length of the. rectangular frameiormed.r by thebeams 2,5 and side bars 3,6@v endwise m'ovemenI-,zofabars .3, .3 relativefto Irod: 9 being, permitted bythe elongated slots 3D,` 3D1 Aslthe'framel inthe operation of the loom,y

y"is-designed to rest...uppn a table orthelikeA itisy ttedeiwth feet. I0, I0; and, II, II. Theieety ID,1I.IIJ are secured by screws Ilia, II)av to beam. vZ f and ..the.ieet': II, II ,byxscrewsdl IIb to@ side I To facilitate. the equal vlengthwise adjustment oftheVA two sides-.of vframe vI, I form, asfwith a suitable` stamping or *printing xdie, a measuring scale :3cvon each of the bars 3, said scales being arranged as shown in Fig. 1 so that their graduar, tions ,comeadjacent the rear ends' ofy theframe:L bars 6,;6. In addition each side of-frame rI is ttedwith athreaded rod I2 which is fiixedly seV cured at itsreariend to foot Illl and has its-front I3 secured-byscrewsIlI; I4 tottheundersideof bar GNFigs. 2 and` 4). A wing nutfll is mountedronveach.

. rodIZ torbear against the reary end of ybari I3.L

. '40.11 rectangular framearound which tatable warp and cloth beams of the older formsl tached-to-therearbeam as by. screws,;4,.4',"ra: vfront A'ori cloth Joeam'- 5, anda rearwardlyextendmg;

replaced byvrigidly xed verse: scale bar same length, whereupon the; wing nuts vIla lthe, sides of.

andfby-use 4ofthewing nutsit is easyA toadjust thetwos sides of the rtrame' I accurately to the.l

by tightening one -ofr frame .I arey tightlyjA I clamped in adjustedposition. To yfacilitatelweavingLoperations, asflater eX- plained, the frame I is provided/withl a trans- IBat itsfront end and witha similar bar I'I at its/rear end. These bars are graduated in Vinches'with zero in the center of the frame and read from. zero 'upward both to the left and the right, asishown in Fig. l.

The frame structure of the'loom furtherr com. prises two heddle barstandards I8, I8,one ofwhich is rigidly mounted on top of the `rear end :of eachzof fthe. Isidexbarss-Ii, 6, the.. standards 556 beingsecuredlixto'athe sidel'zbarsabyuscrewsfrl 9,1:I 5;

Each standard I8 comprises a main body part I8 and a top cap member I 8b secured to the body I3a by screws 20, 20. The part I8a of each standard is in the form of a rectangular wood block'which may readily `be formed from boards of suitable width and thickness. The block I8a of each standard is formed with four vertical transverse slots I8 I8c to support heddle bars 2i, 2| which are preferably in the form of straight bars of metal tted at both ends with grips 422, 22 in the form of sections of rubber tubing which are pressed over the ends of the bars and frictionally held thereon. The grips 22 serve the additional function of holding the heddle bars against endwise displacement from the slots of the standards I8. The upper ends of the slots I8c are closed by the caps I8b as shown in Fig. 2.

Each of the standards I 8 is formed with a deep slot I8d disposed between and parallel to the lateral faces of the standards, such slots I8d being provided to receive in each standard a heddle bar holder 23 which is formed with a series of upstanding iingers 24, 24 and which is pivotally supported at its lower rear corner on a pin 25 extending transversely through the standard I8. A block 26 of rubber or the like is cemented in the groove I8d to support the lower front corner of the holder 23 land serves to cushion and quiet the action of the holder when it falls under the action of gravity, as will later be explained.

The holder 23 is preferably stamped from a metal sheet or plate to give the ngers 24, 24 the form shown in Fig. 3. Each of four of the said fingers is formed with a top edge or surface 24a adapted to support one end of a. heddle bar when the latter is in raised position and is also formed with a front edgey or surface Zlib which is disposed as shown in Fig. 3 to be engaged by the top rear corner of the heddle bar when it is raised from its lower position to its upper position and by suchengagement effect a backward swinging movement of the holder 23 on its pivot pin 25. When the holder 23 is thus swung backward by the lifting of any one or more of the heddle bars the finger surfaces 2:1a are moved from beneath any heddle bars in raised position and the latter bars are permitted to drop into the slots between the fingers 24. The fifth or front nger of the support 23 extends forward from the standard I8 so that it can be engaged by the thumb or finger of the weaver to lift the holder 23 and release all heddle bars in the raised position and permit them to fall to their lower positions,

The front portion of the loom frame structure comprising beam 5, side bars 6, 6 and standards I8, I 8 is strengthened by a cross rod 2l and a cross bar 28 which connect standards I8 as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Bar 28 is secured by removable screws 29 and can readily be detached if desired when the warp thread is being wound upon the frame. The upper edge of bar 28 is slotted at 28a to receive and support a card bearing the design or notations yof the pattern to be woven.

In the loom illustrated each of the heddle bars 2l is fitted with a heddle cord 35 which is knotted at 38a, 30a to form a series of loops 35h, 3;!ib which loosely surround the heddle bar and a series of depending loops 35, 32C, each of which passes under a Warp thread w and serves to lift the latter when the heddle bar is raised. See FigsA 2 and 6.

The numeral 3| indicates as an entirety a commned beater and comb which comprises a rectan CII gular frame structure 32 preferably formed of Wood and a comb 33 mounted therein, the comb preferably being formed in one piece from compressed sheet fiber material. The top bar 32a of the frame 32 is removably secured to the remainder of the frame by pins 34. When the device is used as a reed or beater the bar 32a is attached to the frame, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, but'by removing said 4bar 32a the ends of the comb teeth are exposed and the device is adapted to be used as a comb to facilitate the winding and even spacing of the warp thread upon the frame of the loom. To accomplish this latter operation the beater is clamped to the cloth beam 5 by means of thumb nuts or bolts 35 carried by the beam, the bottom bar of the frame 32 being formed with notches 32lo adapted to iit over the bolts 35 and suitably locate the beater. When the beater has thus been clamped in position its top bar 32a is detached to expose the upper, free ends of the teeth of the comb so that the warp thread, when wound around the frame of the loom (as indicated in Fig. 2), can have its successive turns disposed in the successive slots of the comb and so be, evenly spaced across the frame. After the winding of the warp thread has been completed, the bar 32a is again attached to the beater frame and the beater is detached from the cross bar 5 and is thus rendered free to function as a beater.

The operation of the loom will readily be understood without extended explanation. When the loomis to be set up to weave a particular article the length .of the rectangular frame of the loom is rst adjusted, if need be, to provide for the desired length of the article, .bearing in mind that its maximum length is the lengthwise distance around the loom frame. Adjustment is facilitated if the frame is rst collapsed to a slightly shorter size than is desired and then extended to the desired size by manipulation of wing nuts I5, the scales 3c making it easy to adjust the two sides of the frame to equal lengths. This final adjustment may advantageously be made after the warp has been Wound upon the frame, as hereinafter indicated, so as to effect the desired tensioning of the warp. It will be observed that adjustment of the length of the loom frame does not change the distance. between the front beam and the heddle bars since the heddle bar standards I8 are fixed in relation to said beam. Hence, with any adjustment the operator can easily reach and manipulate the heddle bars.

Next the heddle bars 2| are removed from the frame. This is accomplished by moving the bars endwise through the slots I2c of the standards I8, such movement serving to engage the grips 22 at one side of the loom against the adjacent standard to force said grips olf their respective bars. Cross bar 28 may also be removed from the frame if desired to facilitate winding the warp upon frame I. Next, the beater is clamped to the front beam 5 and its bar 32a is detached so that the slots of the comb 33 can receive the warp thread. The warp thread is now Wound continuously around the loom frame, starting at or near one side thereof and with the successive turns of the thread in the successive slots of the comb so that the warp is distributed evenly across the frame. The transverse point at which the winding of the warp thread is started will depend upon the width of the cloth to be woven. The graduated scales IB and ITI, as will readily be understood, facilitatethe winding of the warp ygreater length. l

The heddle bars may now be replaced with their respective heddle cords mounted thereon in accordance with the pattern to be woven. Assuming, for example, that the cord of the first (front) heddle bar is to lift every fourth thread or turn of the warp, the cord is stretched out across the frame beneath the top flight of the Warp and the heddle bar is inserted `through its slot in one of the standards I8 and threaded through the successive loops 39h of the cord so that it loops 30C will engage every fourth thread of the warp. Then the leading end of the heddle bar is passed through its slot in the other standard I8 and its grip 22 replaced. The remaining f heddle bars are assembled in a corresponding manner. Finally, the top bar-32a of the beater is restored and the beater is detached from the front beam 5 and the loom is ready for weaving.

In the weaving operation the shed is formed 'by manual lifting of one or more of the heddle bars. The operator, by placing a iinger beneath the end ofeach bar to be lifted can easily lift both ends of any one Or vmore of the bars simultaneously. When one or more of the heddle bars are so lifted the holders 23 are moved automatically, as previously described, so as to release the bar or bars which had been Ilifted to form the last preceding shed. If it is desirable at any time to lower all of the heddle bars, the operator needs only to lift the front fingers 24 of the two holders 23 and this allows any elevated heddle bars to fall.

It will now be apparent that a loom such as has been described, because of its simple construction, can have its parts formed and assembled at low cost and, for the same reason, can easily and rapidly be manipulated in threading the loom and preparing it for a particular piece vof weaving. Furthermore, its improved features of construction make the loom susceptible of easy operation at good speed to produce Aa Wide variety of work of excellent quality. j

In the present application I make no claim to the heddle harness comprising the heddle bars and devices for controlling their positions in the shed forming operation during weaving, as these parts of the apparatus are claimed in my earlier filed application previously referred to.

While the .constructionV illustrated and 'de scribed is such as I prefer, it is to be understood that my invention can be carriedout with other forms of construction within the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. In a loom, the combination of a frame structure having a cloth beam,I side bars attached to and extending rearward from the end parts of the cloth beam, heddle bar standards rigidly mounted on said side bars, a Warp beam, side bars attached to and extending forward from the end parts of the warp beam and having slidably adjustable engagement with the side bars of the cloth beam to permit variation of the length of the frame and of the cloth to be woven,

clamping means for holding the mutually engaging bars of each of the two pairs of side bars of the frame in adjusted position comprising a transverse strut .bar having its ends engaging the inner side bars of the two pairs thereof, a transverse tension rod carried by the side bars of the cloth beam in xed relation to said beam and adjacent to the strut bar, and means associated with the ends of the tension rod for engaging the outer side bar of each pair of bars to apply tension to the rod and clamp the mutually engaging side bars of each side of the frame against the adjacent end of the strut bar; and manually `operable shed-forming heddle bars mounted on said standards of the frame to cooperate with warp threads supported by the warp and cloth beams. f

2. In a loom, the combination of a frame structure having a cloth beam, side bars attached to and extending rearward from the end parts of the cloth beam, heddle bar standards rigidly mounted on the said side bars,` a warp beam, side bars attached to and extending forward from the end parts of the Warp beam and having slidably adjustable engagement with the side bars of the cloth beam to permit variation of the length of the frame and of the cloth to be woven, clamping means for holding the mutually engaging bars of the frame in adjusted positions; means for facilitating the adjustment of the two sides of the frame to equal lengths comprising measuring scales disposed on the forward extending side bars adjacent to the side bars attached to the cloth beam, a pair of threaded rods respectively secured at their rear ends to the end parts of the warp beam and having their front parts telescopically engaging with the adjacent side bars of the cloth beam and nuts on the threaded rods to engage the last named side bars, whereby the two sides of the rectangular frame can be nicely adjusted with respect to the measuring scales byl manipulation of the said nuts; and manually operable shed-forming hed-y dle bars mounted on the said standards of the MILO O. GALLDTGER.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent NC. 2,27LL,526. v February 2li, 19m.

MILO O. GALLINGER.

It is herebyv certified that error appears 4in the Iabove numbered patent requiring correction as follows: In the grant, lines 2 and 12, and in the heading to the printed specification, line LL, name of assignee, for "J. Roberts Crouse" read J. Robert Crouse", as shownby the record of assignments in this office; page 5, first column, line 17, for "it" read ,its; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may'r conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

signed and sealed this" 21st day of April, A. D. 19LL2.

. 4 Henrjr 'Van' Arsdal e (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

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