US2268196A - Electron discharge device - Google Patents

Electron discharge device Download PDF

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Publication number
US2268196A
US2268196A US307233A US30723339A US2268196A US 2268196 A US2268196 A US 2268196A US 307233 A US307233 A US 307233A US 30723339 A US30723339 A US 30723339A US 2268196 A US2268196 A US 2268196A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
cathode
electron
electrode
potential
electrodes
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Expired - Lifetime
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US307233A
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English (en)
Inventor
John R Pierce
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AT&T Corp
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Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
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Priority to US307233A priority Critical patent/US2268196A/en
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Publication of US2268196A publication Critical patent/US2268196A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06G—ANALOGUE COMPUTERS
    • G06G7/00—Devices in which the computing operation is performed by varying electric or magnetic quantities
    • G06G7/48—Analogue computers for specific processes, systems or devices, e.g. simulators
    • G06G7/485—Analogue computers for specific processes, systems or devices, e.g. simulators for determining the trajectory of particles, e.g. of electrons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J21/00—Vacuum tubes
    • H01J21/36—Tubes with flat electrodes, e.g. disc electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/46—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the ray or beam, e.g. electron-optical arrangement
    • H01J29/58—Arrangements for focusing or reflecting ray or beam
    • H01J29/62—Electrostatic lenses
    • H01J29/622—Electrostatic lenses producing fields exhibiting symmetry of revolution
    • H01J29/624—Electrostatic lenses producing fields exhibiting symmetry of revolution co-operating with or closely associated to an electron gun
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/46—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the ray or beam, e.g. electron-optical arrangement
    • H01J29/82—Mounting, supporting, spacing, or insulating electron-optical or ion-optical arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J3/00—Details of electron-optical or ion-optical arrangements or of ion traps common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J3/02—Electron guns
    • H01J3/029—Schematic arrangements for beam forming

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electron discharge devices and more particularly to electrode systems, such as disclosed in the applications Serial No. 307,232, led December 2, 1939, of Myron S. Glass and Serial No. 307,255, filed December 2, 1939, of Robert C. Winans, for producing a concentrated stream of electrons in electron beam discharge devices.
  • Electron beam discharge devices comprise in general an electron source, such as a cathode, an electron receiving element, such as a uorescent screen or one or more targets, an electrode system for concentrating the electrons into a stream of desired cross-section, and means for controlling the intensity or direction, or both, of the electron beam.
  • One general object of this invention is to enable the construction of electron guns having predetermined desired characteristics. More specifically, objects of this invention are:
  • an electron beam discharge device comprises a cathode, an electron receiving element such as an output electrode, and an electrode system between the cathode and anode for concentrating the electrons emanating from the cathode into a beamof desired configuration and cross-sectional area.
  • the electrode system comprises a pair of apertured electrodes aligned with the emissive surface of the cathode and juxtaposed surfaces of these electrodes are so constructed and arranged that, in the presence of complete space charge, the potential along any line normal to the emissive surface varies with distance from the cathode surface, over a substantial portion of the distance between the cathode and the electrode furthest removed therefrom, essentially in a predetermined manner.
  • this potential may vary essentially as the potenl tial varies between infinite parallel planes, one
  • cathode or between concentric cylindrical electrodes, one a cathode.
  • Fig. l. is a perspective view of Aan electron beam discharge device illustrative of one embodiment of this invention, a portion of the enclosing vessel being broken away to show the electrode structure more clearly;
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged detail view in section of the cathode and the beam forming electrodes in cooperative relation therewith in the device shown in'Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a graph illustrating a suitable potential distribution for producing a converging electron beam
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating the configurations of opposed surfaces of the beam forming electrodes to produce a converging electron beam
  • ig. '1 isan enlarged detail view in section of another modification of the electrode system illustrated in Fig. 2, for producing a diverging stream of electrons;
  • Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating a suitable potential distribution for producing a diverging electron stream, from which distribution the configuration of the electrodes in the system shown in Fig. '1 is determined;
  • Fig. 9 is a detail view mainly in section illustrative of another embodiment of this invention.
  • the electron discharge device shown in Fig. 1 comprises an evacuated enclosing vessel I having at one end thereof an inwardly extending stem II, from which a unitary electrode assembly is supported, the stem II terminating in a press I2 in which leading-in conductors for the various electrodes are sealed.
  • the electrode assembly comprises a pair of parallel insulating uprights or frames I3, for example, U-shaped mica sheets, afxed to rigid wires or supports I4 by a U-shaped fastening strip I5, the supports Il being aflixed to a metallic collar or band I6 clamped about the stem II.
  • Supported in axial alignment by and between the insulating uprights I3 are a cathode, a modulating electrode I1, an anode I8, pairs of defiector plates I3 and 20, and a target or output electrode 2l.
  • the modulating electrode I1 may be a metallic block, for example of copper, which is affixed to a pair of U-shaped metallic bands 26 as by screws 21, the arms of the bands 26 being affixed to the insulating uprights I3. As shown clearly in Fig. 2, the modulatingelectrode I1 is provided with a channel or recess 28 in which the cathode is positioned and with a surface 29 in axial alignment with the surface 23 of the cathode and of a configuration to be described hereinafter. The modulating electrode may be affixed also to the U-shaped fastening strip I and electrical connection thereto may be established through a tie wire 30 connected to one of the leading-in conductors in the press I2 and to one of the uprights I4.
  • the deflector plates I3 and 20 may be metallic plates, for example, of nickel, supported by U- shaped strips 38 secured to the uprights I3, and are mounted on opposite sides of and equally spaced from a plane passing through the aperture 31 and cathode surface 23. Suitable potentials may be applied to the deflector plates I3 and 2l) through connections including tie wires 39 afxed to the strips 38. As shown in Fig. 1, one of the deflector plates 20 may be provided with a flange or lip 4I) extending toward and terminating short of the plane of the other deflector plate 20.
  • the target or output electrode 2I may be a metallic plate, in alignment with the aperture 31 and cathode surface 23, supported by a metallic U-shaped strip 4I amxed to bands 42 secured to Leading-in connection to the target may be established through a conductor I3.
  • the electrons emanating from the cathode surface 23 are concentrated into a beam and accelerated toward the target or output electrode 2 I
  • the beam may be deected through potentials impressed upon the deflector plates and may be so deflected to such an extent that it impinges upon the flange or lip 40 so that the space or beam current to the target 2l is cut off.
  • the intensity of the beam may be controlled through the application of a modulating potential upon the electrode I1.
  • the efciency and operating characteristics of the device will be dependent upon the proportion of the electrons emanating from the cathode surface 23 which form the beam and upon the character of the pathstraversed by the individual Satisfactory and efficient operation require that a large proportion of the electrons emanating from the surface 23 go into the electron beam and that these electrons follow rectilinear paths which may be parallel or converging toward or diverging from a common focus.
  • These factors are dependent largely upon the character of the fields through which the electrons pass and the accurate determination of these fields is complicated, as noted heretofore, by space charge effects.
  • v electrons are assumed to move in a beam according to known solutions of the space charge equations.
  • electrodes are provided of such shape that the boundary conditions are consistent with the electron motion assumed.
  • i the current density in amperes/cm-2.
  • the problem is to determine what the field outside of the beam must be in order that the electrons move as desired in the beam.
  • a From the foregoing, it will be noted that a4 and and and In order that there will not be a dipole layer at the bundary of the beam, must equal and in order that there will not be' a surface charge at the boundary of the beam,
  • the potential and iield must be continuous in passing through the boundary of the beam.
  • the second derivative of the potential is discontinuous at the boundary of the beam, changing by an amount proportional to the discontinuity in charge density in passing through the boundary.
  • the nature of the eld outside of the beam is determined by the fact that the potential outside of the beam must match the potential of the beam and must have zero gradient normal to the beam boundary.
  • the potential outside of the beam will' be :A(:c+y) 4/3, real (8)
  • the potential may be expressed as Cos 4/3 0:0 and 0:67.5 degrees
  • the zero potential electrode should be planar and meet the edge of the cathode at an angle of 67.5 degrees to the to the cathV f ode surface.
  • I auf" 1r where D the distance between the cathode and the ypositive electrode. 'Ihe shape of the anode for all distances may then' Vbe given by they relation f where r and are polar coordinates and D is the distance'between the cathode and anypoint on 'the surface of the positive electrode.y
  • the electron gun illustrated comprises a cathode 22a having a plane rectangular emissive surface 23a, an elec-y trode Ila, having plane portions 29a making an 'angle of 67.5 degrees with the normal to the surface 23a, and a positive electrode or anode Isa having a central slit 31a in alignment with the cathode surface 23a and a surface 38a as deteryeffect upon the coniiguration and direction of the beam emerging therefrom.
  • y 1f the spacing between the cathode 22a and anode Ila is several times as great as the width of the snc, the sut can be considered as acting simply as a diverging lens and the beam then will appear to diverge, as indicated by the broken lines A in Fig. 5 from a point P a distance substantially 3/2 times the distance between
  • Electrodes for producing rectilinear motion of electrons in converging paths may be designed by following the procedure outlined for the case discussed hereinabove.
  • curve MY is a ⁇ plot of I1/Aro3 versus distance from the cathode,A
  • the curve Z itfmay benoted, makes an angle of 67.5 degrees with the line f ru which corresponds to the normal to the cathode surfaceat the edge thereof, as in the caser for parallel paths previously discussed.
  • Which of the curves Z1, Zz, Za or other similar curves is used in one particular case as the basis for forming surface 36 is a matter of choice dependent upon the results desired. The results obtainable with surfaces corresponding to the various curves will be clear from the following considerations.
  • the beam converges along radii of the surface 23 to a center ro.
  • the beam will be l/4 as wide at the electrode 35 as at the cathode.
  • the beam will be 1/2 as wide at the electrode 35 'as at the cathode.
  • the aperture 31 will have, of course, a diverging lens effect the focal length. 0f which ma! be determined from the relation.
  • D is the distancel between the cathode and the anode, measured from the mid-point of surface 23 to the end of aperture 31 nearest this surface, the end of the aperture 31 being taken at the line where the surface 36 would intersect the plane of symmetry of the electrode surfaces if the surface 3B were continuous and not apertured.
  • the surfaces 29h and 36h may be planar and substantially parallel, the surface 29h making an angle of somewhat more than 67.5 degrees, for example, approximately 90 degrees, with the normal tothe edge of the cathode surface 23h.
  • the electron stream will appear to diverge from Ia point Pz as shown in Fig. 7, which may be in front of or behind the anode depending upon the value of It may be noted that in all cases, if the electrode l1 is not used for modulation, the surface 29 preferably is made an integral part of the cathode, only a portion 23, of course, of the structure being made electron emissive. When the electrode I1 is used for modulation, the spacing between the boundary of the surface 23 and the inner edges of the surface 29 should be as small as practicably possible in order to minimize divergence of the electrons emanating from the surface 23.
  • the beam will be focussed upon the slit or aperture 31 when the electrode I1 is at zero potential and for this potential the current through the slit is a maximum. If the electrode l1 is made negative with respect to the cathode, the cathode current will be reduced and the focussing of the beam will be reduced so that the current through the slit or aperture 31 will be reduced by two factors.
  • the voltage of the electrode l1 should be zero for maximum current.
  • the electrode should have a bias suiiiciently negative with respect to the cathode so that at peak signal intensity, the potential of electrode I1 is just zero.
  • the electron beam current density may be determined fairly accurately.
  • the current density may be obtained from the curves shown in Figs. 8 and 10, respectively or may be calculated from the following approximate expression for the potential.
  • the current density will be substantially uniform over the -entire emissive surface of the cathode so that the entire surface of the cathode may be operated at the allowable limit of current density.
  • electrons emanating from the edge portions of the cathode emissive surface are conserved and constitute a part of the electron beam inasmuch as the electrode i1 prevents such electrons suffering an undue space charge divergence in leaving this surface.
  • Fig. 9 wherein the surface 36 is of the same form as in Fig. 2, and the surface 290 of the modulating electrode 10 conforms to an equlpotential boundary of the same eld to which the surface 36 conforms and passes through the axis of alignment of the electrodes at a point behind the cathode surface 23, i. e., below the surface 23 in Fig. 9.
  • the sides of the cathode should make an angle of 67.5 degrees with the edges of the cathode surface 23, for parallel, diverging and converging beams.
  • An electron discharge device comprising an electron emissive surface, an electron receiving element spaced from said surface, and means for concentrating the electrons emanating from said surface into a beam, said means comprising a pair of electrodes in alignment with said cathode and having opposed centrally apertured dished surfaces of such configuration and so spaced that in the presence of complete space charge, at all points in said beam and between said electrodes the component of the electric field perpendicular to a normal to the cathode surface is substantially zero.
  • An electron gun for electron discharge devices comprising a cathode, and means including a pair of spaced electrodes in alignment with said cathode and having opposed dished surfaces for producing a field between said cathode and the electrode furthest removed therefrom the potential at any point in which is Aan/3, where 7' is the current density in amperes per square centimeter, and :c is distance from the cathode in centimeters.
  • An electron gun for electron discharge de- D (cos 4/3 0)'3/4 where D is the distance between said cathode and anode and r and 0 are polar coordinates.
  • An electron gun for electron discharge devices comprising a cathode having a curved electron emissive surface, and a pair of spaced electrodes having central apertures in alignment with each other and said cathode, said electrodes having opposed dished surfaces, the dished surface of one electrode extending from immediately adjacent the electron emissive portion of said cathode, and said dished surfaces conforming to equipotential boundaries of a field corresponding to a potential varying according to the relation where p is the potential, 1o is the radius of curvature of said emissive surface, x is distance from said emissive surface,
  • An electron gun for electron discharge devices comprising a cathode having an emissive surface, and a pair of spaced electrodes having opposed centrally apertured surfaces in alignment with said cathode, one of said surfaces having a portion extending from immediately adjacent said cathode, and said portion of said one surface having all elements thereof defining an angle of substantially 67.5 degrees with normals to said emissive surface at the edges thereof.
  • An electron discharge device comprising a cathode having an elongated concave electron emissive surface, an electron receiving element spaced from said emissive surface, an electrode system between said surface and said element for concentrating the electrons emanating from said surface into a converging beam of rectangular cross-section, said system comprising a pair of spaced electrodes each having an elongated central aperture, the apertures in said electrodes being in alignment with each other and said emissive surface, and said electrodes having opposed dished surfaces conforming to equipotential boundaries of a field corresponding to a p0- tential increasing away from said emissive surface according to the relation where o is the potential, rn is the radius of said emissive surface, :r is distance from said emissive surface,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
  • Cold Cathode And The Manufacture (AREA)
  • Cathode-Ray Tubes And Fluorescent Screens For Display (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)
US307233A 1939-12-02 1939-12-02 Electron discharge device Expired - Lifetime US2268196A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US307233A US2268196A (en) 1939-12-02 1939-12-02 Electron discharge device

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US307233A US2268196A (en) 1939-12-02 1939-12-02 Electron discharge device
US307231A US2245581A (en) 1939-12-02 1939-12-02 Electron discharge device

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Publication Number Publication Date
US2268196A true US2268196A (en) 1941-12-30

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US307233A Expired - Lifetime US2268196A (en) 1939-12-02 1939-12-02 Electron discharge device
US307232A Expired - Lifetime US2268194A (en) 1939-12-02 1939-12-02 Electron discharge device
US307255A Expired - Lifetime US2268195A (en) 1939-12-02 1939-12-02 Electron discharge device
US307231A Expired - Lifetime US2245581A (en) 1939-12-02 1939-12-02 Electron discharge device
US319393A Expired - Lifetime US2268197A (en) 1939-12-02 1940-02-17 Electron discharge device
US327826A Expired - Lifetime US2268165A (en) 1939-12-02 1940-04-04 Electron discharge device

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US307232A Expired - Lifetime US2268194A (en) 1939-12-02 1939-12-02 Electron discharge device
US307255A Expired - Lifetime US2268195A (en) 1939-12-02 1939-12-02 Electron discharge device
US307231A Expired - Lifetime US2245581A (en) 1939-12-02 1939-12-02 Electron discharge device
US319393A Expired - Lifetime US2268197A (en) 1939-12-02 1940-02-17 Electron discharge device
US327826A Expired - Lifetime US2268165A (en) 1939-12-02 1940-04-04 Electron discharge device

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US (6) US2268196A (US08197722-20120612-C00042.png)
BE (2) BE444006A (US08197722-20120612-C00042.png)
DE (2) DE862640C (US08197722-20120612-C00042.png)
FR (2) FR881705A (US08197722-20120612-C00042.png)
GB (2) GB545689A (US08197722-20120612-C00042.png)
NL (2) NL72884C (US08197722-20120612-C00042.png)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2484721A (en) * 1942-03-14 1949-10-11 Cossor Ltd A C Electrode gun such as is used in cathode-ray tubes
US2564743A (en) * 1949-03-15 1951-08-21 Sperry Corp Charged particle beam forming apparatus
US2597817A (en) * 1946-05-09 1952-05-20 Poittevin Maurice X-ray tube
US2728007A (en) * 1953-07-01 1955-12-20 Rca Corp Cathode ray tube gun structure
US2740063A (en) * 1952-02-27 1956-03-27 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Miniature electronic discharge tube with ribbon-shaped beam
US2797353A (en) * 1951-06-15 1957-06-25 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave type electron discharge devices
US2811667A (en) * 1954-12-09 1957-10-29 Hughes Aircraft Co Electron gun
US2839703A (en) * 1956-01-03 1958-06-17 Columbia Broadcasting Syst Inc High resolution image cathode ray tube system
US3381155A (en) * 1964-08-26 1968-04-30 Arnaud Jacques Electron guns having at least one emissive cathode surface and one nonemissive electrode adjacent said cathode surface
FR2295555A1 (fr) * 1974-12-20 1976-07-16 Watkins Johnson Co Canon a electrons produisant un faisceau rectangulaire

Families Citing this family (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2733365A (en) * 1956-01-31 hoagland
BE455024A (US08197722-20120612-C00042.png) * 1940-05-02
NL83700C (US08197722-20120612-C00042.png) * 1942-03-24
US2445077A (en) * 1942-06-25 1948-07-13 Rca Corp Electron discharge device utilizing cavity resonators
NL71647C (US08197722-20120612-C00042.png) * 1943-06-30
US2452062A (en) * 1943-07-29 1948-10-26 Raytheon Mfg Co Electrical discharge tube
GB570672A (en) * 1943-08-19 1945-07-17 Gerhard Liebmann Improvements in or relating to cathode ray tubes
US2459792A (en) * 1944-07-08 1949-01-25 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Beam type electron discharge device
US2592242A (en) * 1946-07-02 1952-04-08 Gen Electric Electron gun and mounting therefor
US2488132A (en) * 1946-10-30 1949-11-15 Du Mont Allen B Lab Inc Deflection system for cathode-ray tubes
US2529134A (en) * 1947-10-02 1950-11-07 Rauland Corp Support for electron guns
US2617076A (en) * 1948-01-13 1952-11-04 Motorola Inc Electrostatic deflection system
US2559037A (en) * 1948-02-12 1951-07-03 Zenith Radio Corp Electron discharge device of the focussed-beam type
US2538714A (en) * 1948-04-14 1951-01-16 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Electric discharge tube
US2570124A (en) * 1949-10-20 1951-10-02 Rca Corp Positive ion beam gun
US2606300A (en) * 1950-01-19 1952-08-05 Zenith Radio Corp Electron discharge device
FR1018955A (fr) * 1950-05-02 1953-01-15 Philips Brasil Tubes à décharge pour hyperfréquences
FR1023290A (fr) * 1950-08-12 1953-03-16 Csf Perfectionnements aux dispositifs de focalisation de faisceaux électroniques
US2656481A (en) * 1950-12-13 1953-10-20 Du Mont Allen B Lab Inc Electron gun centering device for cathode-ray tubes
US2672568A (en) * 1951-03-27 1954-03-16 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron gun for cathode-ray tubes
BE513449A (US08197722-20120612-C00042.png) * 1951-08-11
US2740913A (en) * 1951-11-01 1956-04-03 Itt Electron gun
US2741724A (en) * 1951-11-27 1956-04-10 Rauland Corp Image-reproducing device
US2735032A (en) * 1952-10-09 1956-02-14 bradley
DE1005200B (de) * 1953-03-09 1957-03-28 Loewe Opta Ag Elektrodenvorsystem fuer Elektronenstrahlroehren, insbesondere Fernsehbildroehren
DE977183C (de) * 1953-05-01 1965-05-20 Telefunken Patent Elektrostatisch stark buendelndes Elektronenstrahlerzeugungssystem
NL187314B (nl) * 1953-05-15 Toyama Chemical Co Ltd Antibacterieel preparaat, alsmede een op plaats 1 gesubstitueerd 7-(3-aminopyrrolidino)-6-fluor-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naftyridine-3-carbonzuur derivaat.
US2782333A (en) * 1954-08-18 1957-02-19 Rca Corp Shortened triple gun for color television
US2888605A (en) * 1955-02-23 1959-05-26 Hughes Aircraft Co Electron gun
US2817033A (en) * 1955-04-08 1957-12-17 Hughes Aircraft Co Electron gun
US2967260A (en) * 1957-05-31 1961-01-03 Eitel Mccullough Inc Electron tube
US2996640A (en) * 1958-11-20 1961-08-15 Rca Corp Variable beam electron gun
DE1498845A1 (de) * 1962-01-31 1969-05-14 Leybold Heraeus Gmbh & Co Kg Ionisierungsvorrichtung fuer in grossen Totaldruckbereichen verwendbare Massenspektrometer
US3227906A (en) * 1962-05-02 1966-01-04 Eitel Mccullough Inc Cathode support and heat shielding structure for electron gun
DE2603341C2 (de) * 1976-01-29 1984-03-15 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Rotationssymetrischer Elektronenstrahlerzeuger und Verwendung für Hochleistungswanderfeldröhren
JPS57124830A (en) * 1981-01-27 1982-08-03 Sony Corp Sealing method for cathode-ray tube

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2484721A (en) * 1942-03-14 1949-10-11 Cossor Ltd A C Electrode gun such as is used in cathode-ray tubes
US2597817A (en) * 1946-05-09 1952-05-20 Poittevin Maurice X-ray tube
US2564743A (en) * 1949-03-15 1951-08-21 Sperry Corp Charged particle beam forming apparatus
US2797353A (en) * 1951-06-15 1957-06-25 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave type electron discharge devices
US2740063A (en) * 1952-02-27 1956-03-27 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Miniature electronic discharge tube with ribbon-shaped beam
US2728007A (en) * 1953-07-01 1955-12-20 Rca Corp Cathode ray tube gun structure
US2811667A (en) * 1954-12-09 1957-10-29 Hughes Aircraft Co Electron gun
US2839703A (en) * 1956-01-03 1958-06-17 Columbia Broadcasting Syst Inc High resolution image cathode ray tube system
US3381155A (en) * 1964-08-26 1968-04-30 Arnaud Jacques Electron guns having at least one emissive cathode surface and one nonemissive electrode adjacent said cathode surface
FR2295555A1 (fr) * 1974-12-20 1976-07-16 Watkins Johnson Co Canon a electrons produisant un faisceau rectangulaire

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US2268197A (en) 1941-12-30
BE444002A (US08197722-20120612-C00042.png)
FR52414E (fr) 1944-04-13
NL68166C (US08197722-20120612-C00042.png)
US2268165A (en) 1941-12-30
DE883938C (de) 1953-06-11
FR881705A (fr) 1943-05-06
US2268195A (en) 1941-12-30
US2245581A (en) 1941-06-17
GB545689A (en) 1942-06-08
DE862640C (de) 1953-01-12
BE444006A (US08197722-20120612-C00042.png)
NL72884C (US08197722-20120612-C00042.png)
GB545835A (en) 1942-06-16
US2268194A (en) 1941-12-30

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