US2266672A - Manufacture and production of artificial threads, filaments, and the like - Google Patents
Manufacture and production of artificial threads, filaments, and the like Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2266672A US2266672A US301672A US30167239A US2266672A US 2266672 A US2266672 A US 2266672A US 301672 A US301672 A US 301672A US 30167239 A US30167239 A US 30167239A US 2266672 A US2266672 A US 2266672A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- threads
- fibres
- acetate
- casein
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 54
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 36
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 36
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 25
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 25
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 14
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 11
- 235000011128 aluminium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000001164 aluminium sulphate Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum;trisulfate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 9
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 9
- WCOATMADISNSBV-UHFFFAOYSA-K diacetyloxyalumanyl acetate Chemical compound [Al+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O WCOATMADISNSBV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulphate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000008098 formaldehyde solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001175 calcium sulphate Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000019256 formaldehyde Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
- 229920002955 Art silk Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 abstract 1
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 159000000013 aluminium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000329 aluminium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- CYDQOEWLBCCFJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-fluorophenyl)oxane-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1C1(C(=O)O)CCOCC1 CYDQOEWLBCCFJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDYRYUINDGQKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M acetyloxyaluminum;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.CC(=O)O[Al] HDYRYUINDGQKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940009827 aluminum acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HQWKKEIVHQXCPI-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;phthalate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O HQWKKEIVHQXCPI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052571 earthenware Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium dithionite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001540 sodium lactate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011088 sodium lactate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005581 sodium lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F4/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of proteins; Manufacture thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L89/00—Compositions of proteins; Compositions of derivatives thereof
- C08L89/005—Casein
Definitions
- This invention relates to the manufacture and production of filaments, threads and the like hereinafter referred to as threads, from casein or the like protein substance. It is known that such threads may be produced by the extrusion of a solution of, for example, casein through a jet provided with a number of holes into a coagulating bath and that after washing the resulting threads it is desirable to harden them by treatment in a bath containing one or more hardening agents such, for example, as an aluminium salt, formaldehyde or natural or synthetic tanning agents in order to render them more insoluble in Water.
- hardening agents such, for example, as an aluminium salt, formaldehyde or natural or synthetic tanning agents
- the object of the present invention is to treat threads obtained from casein and the like protein substances in such known manner in order to improve their properties particularly their resistance to the action of water or dilute acid at a high temperature.
- the process for the treatment of threads which have been formed by the extrusion of a solution of casein or the like protein substance into a coagulant and have been thereafter treated with a hardening agent comprises treating the said threads with a solution of a salt, to which acid has been added which brings the pH of the threads to a Value at or about the iso-electric point of the said protein then removing excess solution from the threads and heating them in the presence of moisture.
- Salts which are suitable for use according to the present invention are those which have a bufiering action in solution over a pH range in the region of the iso-electric point of the protein, that is in the case of casein about pH 4.6.
- Examples of such solutions are those containing sodium phosphate, sodium phthalate, sodium lactate, sodium borate, sodium acetate, aluminium acetate or substances forming aluminium acetate, for example aluminium sulphate and sodium or calcium acetate. If acetic acid is liberated in such solutions it can be neutralised by the addition of sodium carbonate. If an aluminium sulphate solution has already been used in the previous hardening treatment sufficient aluminium salt will have been absorbed by the threads to ensure that on the addition of sodium acetate solution the desired action will take place.
- the treating solution may contain formaldehyde or its polymers such as paraformaldehyde.
- the threads after treatment in the previous hardening bath, may be deprived of excess liquid in and immediately treated according to the present invention, or they may be washed free from salts and then treated with or without an intermediate drying operation.
- Example 1 A solution of casein in dilute caustic soda is extruded into a solution containing salt and'acid and the fibres hardened at room temperature in the following bath for 10 hours:
- Example 2 A solution of casein in dilute caustic soda is extruded into acid and salt, and then taken under tension for about a minute over a series of godets rotating in a bath of aluminium sulphate solution at centigrade. The tow is then cut into staple lengths and placed in a bath of sodium acetate of 30 per cent strength, previously brought to a pH of 5.5 by means of acetic acid. This bath also contains 50 grammes per litre of formaldehyde. The mass of fibres are left in the bath for four hours, whizzed free of liquor and again placed in a bath of the same composition. After four hours the procedure is repeated,
- the fibres are finally whizzed, and heated in a churn for four hours at 90 centigrade.
- the fibres are then cooled, washed in water and dried.
- the material so treated has acquired a good resistance to boiling water and boiling dilute solutions of mineral acid.
- Example 3 The tow after being cut into staple lengths is treated exactly as in Example 2, but instead of being heated in a churn it is placed in a closed stoppered bottle in an autoclave and heated for 2 hours at 124 centigrade under steam pressure. The resulting product has a good resistance to boiling dilute acid. If there is any slight discolouration of the material after heating in the autoclave this can be substantially removed by bleaching with sodium hydrosulphite.
- Example 4 The tow is treated in the bath of sodium acetate and formaldehyde described in Example 2, but instead of changing the bath a number of times, the whole is allowed to stand for 24 hours at room temperature. The mass is then washed free from salt and formaldehyde by means of water. It is then whizzed, and again placed in a bath of 30 per cent sodium acetate of pH 5. After leaving to stand for 24 hours, the fibres are again whizzed, placed in a churn and heated for 4 hours at 90 centigrade. The product has acquired a good resistance to boiling water.
- Example 5 A solution of casein in dilute caustic soda is extruded into acid and salt solution. The tow is then dropped continuously onto a conveyor system whereon it is hardened for 45 minutes in a bath containing aluminum and sodium sulphates and formaldehyde. The thread is then taken off the belt and continuously stretched about 200 per cent in an aqueous solution containing 30 per cent of sodium acetate and 2 per cent of aectic acid at 60 centigrade.
- the tow is then kept under tension for about a minute on rollers rotating in the aforementioned stretching bath and wound up on an aluminium reel rotating in an enclosed bath of 3 parts of sodium acetate 30 per cent solution to which acetic acid has been added to give an acidity of pH 5 and 1 part of 40 per cent formaldehyde solution.
- the pH of this solution should be about 5.
- the reel of tow after winding up continuously for an hour is placed in an earthenware pot, with several other reels if desired, and the pot is carefully closed with a tight fitting lid. The whole is then left at room temperature for 24 hours to ensure completion of the hardening process. The pot is then heated to 80 centigrade and left at that temperature for four hours.
- the reel and threads are then placed in cold water for a short time in order to soften the filaments and remove as much salt and formaldehyde as possible.
- the tow is either unwound continuously into a large skein and further washed and dried, or cut off the reel and processed in staple form.
- the final product has not only lost its tendency to shrink thereby increasing in denier and losing strength, but has also acquired a good resistance to boiling water.
- a process for the treatment of threads which have been formed by the extrusion of a solution of casein into a coagulant and have been thereafter treated with a hardening agent which comprises treating the said threads with an aqueous solution of a salt, to which solution acid has been added which brings the pH of the threads to a value at about the iso-electric point of, the casein, then removing excess solution from the threads and heating them in the moist condition without allowing the moisture to evaporate and thereafter drying them.
- a process for the treatment of threads which have been formed by the extrusion of a solution of casein into a coagulant and thereafter treated with a hardening agent which comprises treating the said threads with an aqueous solution of sodium acetate to which solution acid has been added which brings the pH of the threads to a value at about the iso-electric point of the casein, then removing excess solution from the threads and heating them in the moist condition without allowing the moisture to evaporate and thereafter drying them.
- a process for the treatment of threads which have been formed by the extrusion of a solution of casein into a coagulant and thereafter treated with a hardening agent which comprises treating the said threads with an aqueous solution of aluminum acetate to which solution acid has been added which brings the pH of the threads to a value at about the iso-electric point of the casein, then removing excess solution from the threads and heating them in the moist condition without allowing the moisture to evaporate and thereafter drying them.
- a process for the treatment of threads which have been formed by the extrusion of a solution of casein into a coagulant and thereafter treated with a hardening agent which comprises treating the said threads with a concentrated aqueous solution of a salt of acetic acid to which solution acid has been added which brings the pH of the threads to a value at about the iso-electric point of the casein, then removing the excess solution from the threads and heating them in a closed chamber in the presence of moisture and thereafter drying them.
- a process for the treatment of threads which have been formed by theextrusion of a solution of casein into a coagulant and thereafter treated with a hardening agent which comprises treating the said threads with an aqueous solution of sodium acetate and formaldehyde to which solution acid has been added which brings the pH of the threads to a value at about the isoelectric point of the casein, then removing the excess solution from the threads and heating them in the moist condition without allowing the moisture to evaporate and thereafter drying them.
- Process for the manufacture and production of filaments, threads and the like which comprises extruding a solution of casein through a jet into a coagulating bath, washing the so formed threads, hardening the washed threads by treatment in a bath containing a hardening agent to render them more insoluble in water, cutting the threads into staple lengths, and thereafter treating the staple fibres with an aqueous solution of sodium acetate to which solution acid has been added which brings the pH of the staple fibres to a value at about the isoelectric point of the casein, whizzing the staple fibres free of excess solution, and then heating them for more than an hour in the moist condition without allowing the moisture to evaporate and thereafter drying them.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB29703/38A GB521148A (en) | 1938-10-13 | 1938-10-13 | Improvements in and relating to the manufacture and production of artificial threads, filaments and the like |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2266672A true US2266672A (en) | 1941-12-16 |
Family
ID=10295766
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US301672A Expired - Lifetime US2266672A (en) | 1938-10-13 | 1939-10-27 | Manufacture and production of artificial threads, filaments, and the like |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2266672A (en(2012)) |
| FR (1) | FR860841A (en(2012)) |
| GB (1) | GB521148A (en(2012)) |
| NL (1) | NL70666C (en(2012)) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2428603A (en) * | 1941-10-29 | 1947-10-07 | Nat Dairy Prod Corp | Process for hardening protein fibre |
| US2475697A (en) * | 1946-04-19 | 1949-07-12 | American Cyanamid Co | Treatment of collagen strands |
| US2495566A (en) * | 1944-08-09 | 1950-01-24 | Ici Ltd | Production of insolubilized filamentary products by the wet spinning of protein solutions |
| US2506253A (en) * | 1944-09-06 | 1950-05-02 | Ici Ltd | Process of increasing the strength of insolubilized artificial protein filamets |
| US2521738A (en) * | 1944-06-15 | 1950-09-12 | Thomas L Mcmeekin | Process for the production of artificial bristles and the like from proteins |
| US2532350A (en) * | 1945-07-30 | 1950-12-05 | Ici Ltd | Production of insolubilized protein artificial filamentary products |
| US2533297A (en) * | 1945-08-22 | 1950-12-12 | Ici Ltd | Production of insolubilized protein artificial filamentary products |
-
0
- NL NL70666D patent/NL70666C/xx active
-
1938
- 1938-10-13 GB GB29703/38A patent/GB521148A/en not_active Expired
-
1939
- 1939-10-13 FR FR860841D patent/FR860841A/fr not_active Expired
- 1939-10-27 US US301672A patent/US2266672A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2428603A (en) * | 1941-10-29 | 1947-10-07 | Nat Dairy Prod Corp | Process for hardening protein fibre |
| US2521738A (en) * | 1944-06-15 | 1950-09-12 | Thomas L Mcmeekin | Process for the production of artificial bristles and the like from proteins |
| US2495566A (en) * | 1944-08-09 | 1950-01-24 | Ici Ltd | Production of insolubilized filamentary products by the wet spinning of protein solutions |
| US2506253A (en) * | 1944-09-06 | 1950-05-02 | Ici Ltd | Process of increasing the strength of insolubilized artificial protein filamets |
| US2532350A (en) * | 1945-07-30 | 1950-12-05 | Ici Ltd | Production of insolubilized protein artificial filamentary products |
| US2533297A (en) * | 1945-08-22 | 1950-12-12 | Ici Ltd | Production of insolubilized protein artificial filamentary products |
| US2475697A (en) * | 1946-04-19 | 1949-07-12 | American Cyanamid Co | Treatment of collagen strands |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB521148A (en) | 1940-05-14 |
| NL70666C (en(2012)) | |
| FR860841A (fr) | 1941-01-24 |
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