US2265195A - Percussive fuse for projectiles - Google Patents

Percussive fuse for projectiles Download PDF

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Publication number
US2265195A
US2265195A US258554A US25855439A US2265195A US 2265195 A US2265195 A US 2265195A US 258554 A US258554 A US 258554A US 25855439 A US25855439 A US 25855439A US 2265195 A US2265195 A US 2265195A
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United States
Prior art keywords
head
striker
fuse
stem
impact
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Expired - Lifetime
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US258554A
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English (en)
Inventor
Arbey Marie Leonie
Remondy Georges Henri
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Individual
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C1/00—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact
    • F42C1/02—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact with firing-pin structurally combined with fuze

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an even more improved form'of construction, having the advantage of permitting a still further reduction in weight of the striker, and the additional advantage of facilitating the operation of the fuse, even when the impact is effected against a more or less resilient or soft obstacle, the said improvements having altogether the effect of considerably increasing the sensitiveness of the fuse in all cases.
  • the striker has the form of a simple nail having a large, thin and resilient head, the said head being secured, in any suitable manner, by its outer edge to the front part of the fuse so as to hermetically close the forward end of the fuse body.
  • the head of the latter may be weakened at one or more points in any suitable manner.
  • the head of the striker is either made of such a shape, or has a brittle auxiliary element added thereto of such a character, that there is exerted by the striker, after impact, a sudden trigger effect which is effective to produce a reaction shock of the desired magnitude, even though the resistance of the obstacle itself should be insuilicient to produce that shock unassisted.
  • FIGS 1, 2 and 3 are sectional elevations showing the stages in the operation of one form of fuse embodying the invention.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show, the first in plan and the second in section on the line V-V of Figure 4, a striker the head of which comprises weakening recesses.
  • Figure 6 is a section of a form of construction comprising a compressible safety Washer.
  • Figure 7 is a section of a form of construction comprising a safety washer adapted to be effaced under the action of heat.
  • Figures 8 and 9 show the first two stages of the operation of a, fuse having an additional trigger effect, the said trigger effect resulting from the shape of the striker head.
  • Figures 10, 11, 12 and 13 show four'fdevices whereby it is possible, by means of brittle auX- iliary elements, to obtain the desired additional trigger effect.
  • FIGS 14 and 15 show two forms of construction comprising strikers having Weighted stems.
  • Figure 16 shows a form of construction in which the striker head permits simplified assemblage.
  • Figure 17 shows the fuse of Figure 16 provided with an external protection Washer.
  • Figures 18 and 19 are perspective views, partly broken away, of two strikers, the heads of which comprise locally weakened portions for facilitating the operation of the fuse.
  • the fuse according to the invention comprises a striker l having the form of a simple nail, the large, thin and resilient head 2 of which is applied to a shoulder 3 of the fuse body 4 and is held in place in any appropriate manner, as by means of a beading of varnish or mastic 5, a certain appropriate space or distance e being provided between the head 2 at the plane of its junction with the stem of the striker and the plane surface 8 adjacent the entrance of the passage 6 into which the striker stem projects and at the lower end of which is situated the percussion cap 1.
  • the first effect of the impact of the vprojectile against an obstacle is to drive the striker towards the percussion cap while producing' a corresponding deformation of the head 2, but this movement alone is not sufficient to cause the fuse to operate in view of the fact that the space or distance a between the plane surface 8 and the percussion cap is slightly greater than, or isat least equal to, the length of the striker stem. That is to say, the space or distance e between the head 2 and the surface 8 is preferably less than the distance between the point of the striker stem and the percussion cap when the parts are in their normal at rest positions, so that when the deformable, resilient head 2 assumes the position shown in Figure 2, the striker cannot directly contact the percussion cap.
  • the striker head Under the influence of the increasing acceleration at the time of firing the projectile, the striker head is progressively deformed, but its deformation is arrested by the surface 8 before the lower end of the striker stem contacts the percussion cap, as indicated in Figure 2.
  • the inherent resiliency of the striker head 2 automatically returns it toits original position as shown in Figure 1, that is to say, to the position which it has to occupy in order that effective operation may be produced upon impact.
  • a compressible washer I l made of any suitable spongy material, such as blotting paper, felt or the like, adapted to resist slightly the initial resilient deformation of the striker head, but likewise adapted to harden suiflciently when it is further compressed, upon impact and during the second stage of operation of the fuse, to act relatively to the striker the part normally played by the plane surface 8. and in such a manner that the reaction shock resulting in dissociation of the striker stem from its head is produced against the said compressed washer the centrifugal force, its elements collecting in the cavity I3 provided for receiving them.
  • the shoulder l may be made of readily fusible material 32, the disappearance of which no longer leaves the edge of the striker head fixed to the fuse body at the distance e from the surface 8, and thereby renders theoperation of the fuse impossible in practice.
  • This latter safety feature may also be attained by providing conductivity cores 33 in the fuse body made of suitable metal (sodium, for example) and intended to cause the heat produced by the friction of the air against the outer wall of the fuse to penetrate to the vicinity of the percusslon cap. When this heating is sumcient, the percussion cap will ignite automatically and cause the destruction of the projectile.
  • striker head is given a normally convex shape which enables it to resist a slight pressure, but which, when the pressure involved attains a sumcientl value, will cause the head suddenly to change its shape by passing from the convex shape I4 to the concave shape I5, in accordance with a well-known phenomenon.
  • the magnitude of the space or distance e between the plane of junction of the striker head and stem and that of surface 8 should be so selected that, at the moment of the aforesaid deformation, the desired shock is produced against said surface.
  • a washer I6 made of a brittle, moderately strong material, such as glass, gum lac or the like, is provided above the striker head 2.
  • This washer will resist the contact of a soft obstacle until the latter, in compressing, offers suiiicient resistance to cause fracture which, being produced suddenly, will permit the accumulated energy to act eectively on the striker.
  • the striker is normally held against inward movement by a steel needle I8 which fractures suddenly when the pressure exerted on the striker head, in gradually increasing, attains suflicient value.
  • the striker is yieldably retained in normal position by a ball i9 pressed against it by a spring 20.
  • the trigger effect resulting from this last device may not appear sumcient, but in practice it gives the desired result.
  • the same trigger effect is partly produced in all cases due to the cushion of compressed air which is formed in the cup-shaped portion 30 of the fuse head between the front of the striker head and the front edge 3
  • This compressed air also assists in the projection of the striker in the same way as a solid element acting locally in the centre of the striker head.
  • the sensitivity of the fuse is thus somewhat reduced, in that it requires a greater resistance by the obstacle impacted to overcome the inertia of the striker, the certainty of operation is increased because the additional weight of the stem more than compensates for the decrease in striking force exerted against the percussion cap which would otherwise result from the lower velocity.
  • the passage 6 being preferably given a conical or iiared shape for facilitating the movement of the mass 23.
  • a striker having a normally convex head is employed, the outer edge of the head resting directly on the plane surface 8, suicient clearance being left between the edge of the striker head and theundercut portion 25 of the wall defining the side of the recess in the fuse body in which the striker head is mounted to enable the head to atten on impact without meeting with any resistance on the part of said wall.
  • the plate 26 protects the striker during the manipulations of the fuse, or of the projectile on which the fuse is fitted.
  • Figure 18 shows in perspective, but partially sectioned, a striker in which the head is provided with a weakening groove 21 for facilitating its deformation at the moment of impact.
  • Figure 19 is a smaller view of a striker the head of which comprises an edge 28 of reduced thickness for producing the same result.
  • a fuse body for projectiles of the character described, a fuse body, a percussion cap mounted in said fuse body, a striker member comprising a stem having an inner end adapted to ignite the fuse by contact with said percussion cap and a relatively thin head of substantially greater diameter than said stem deformable upon contact with an obstacle, and means carried by said fuse body adapted to abut said striker member adjacent the junction between said head and stem for preventing deformation of said head from its normal shape beyond a predetermined amount, said head and stem being normally connected to one another but the mass of said stem and strength of'its connection to said head being such that, when upon impact of the projectile said head is so far deformed as to bring it into forcible engagement with said abutment means which is still moving forwardly with the projectile, the inertia of said stem is suicient to separate it from said head and bring it into contact with said percussion cap, the normal distance between the inner end of said stem and said cap when said parts are at rest being greater than the distance through which the
  • a percussive fuse for projectiles of the character embodying a fuse bodyhaving an enlarged recess formed in the nose thereof, a percussion cap mounted therein rearwardly of said recess and a passageway of substantially smaller diameter than said recess leading from the latter to said percussion cap, the combination of a striker member comprising a stem entering said passageway and adapted to ignite the fuse by contact with said percussion cap and a relatively thin, resilient head of approximately .the same diameter as said recess deformable upon contact with an obstacle, an abutment surface formed interiorly of said fuse body adjacent the entrance to said passageway, said head and stem being normally integral with one another but adapted to dissociate -when upon impact of the projectile said head is deformed from its normal shape suii'iciently to bring said head into effective engagement with said abutment surface which is still moving forwardly with the projectile, whereupon the reactive force due to the inertia of said striker stem separates ythe latter from said head, and
  • a percussive fuse for projectiles of the character embodying a fuse body having an enlarged recess formed in the nose thereof, a. percussion cap mounted therein rearwardly of said recess and a passageway of substantially smaller diameter than said recess leading from the latter to said percussion cap.
  • a striker member comprising a stem entering said passageway and having an inner end adapted to ignite the fuse by contact with said percussion cap and a relatively thin, resilient head of substantially greater diameter than said stern separably connected to the latter, the outer edge of said head being fixed against inward axial movement relatively to said fuse body but said head being otherwise capable of deformation from its normal shape under the influence of an axially directed force imposed thereon, and means carri'ed by the fuse body for abutting the striker head adjacent its junction with said stem and preventing deformation thereof beyond a predetermined amount, the mass of said stem and strength' of its connection to said head being such that, when upon impact of the projectile said head is so far deformed as to bring it into forcible engagement with said abutment means which is still moving forwardly with the projectile, the inertia of said stem is sufficient to separate it from said head and bring it into contact with said percussion cap, the normal distance between the inner end ofsaid stem and said cap when said parts are in assembled, at
  • a percussive fuse for projectiles of th'e character embodying a fuse body having an env larged recess formed in the nose thereof, aperto said percussion cap.
  • s striker member comprising a stem entering said passageway and adapted to contact said percussion cap upon impact and a relatively thin. resilient head of approximately the same diameter as said recess.
  • an abutment surface formed interiorly of said fuse body adjacent the entrance to said passageway, means fixing the outer edge of said head to the wall of said recess in such position that the junction between said head and stem is normally spaced from said abutment surface, said head and stem being normally integral with one another but adapted to dissociate when said head is deformed from its normal shape upon impact suiliciently to bring said head forcibly inw effective engagement with said abutment surface, and means interposed between said head and said abutment surface for preventing deformation of said head suiiiciently to effect said dissociation until after the projectile is in flight.
  • a percussive fuse acrding to claim 6 wherein the deformation preventing means consists of a washer made of a material which is fusible by th'e heat of friction produced by iiight of the projectile through the air.
  • a percussive fuse for projectiles of the character embodying a fuse body having an enlarged recess formed in the nose thereof, a percussion cap mounted therein rearwardly of said recess and a passageway of substantially smaller diameter than said recess leading from the latter to said percussion cap, the combination of a striker member comprising a stem entering said passageway and adapted to contact said percussion cap upon impact and a relatively thin, resilient head of approximately the same diameter as said recess, an abutment surface formed interiorly of said fuse body adjacent the entrance to said passageway, means fixing the outer edge of said head to the wall of said recess in such position that the junction between said head and stem is normally spaced from said abutment surface, and a compressible member interposed between said head and said abutment surface and resisting deformation of said head, said head and stem being normally integral with one another but adapted to dissociate when said head is deformed from its normal shape upon impact sufiiciently to substantially solidify said compressible member and

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
US258554A 1938-02-26 1939-02-25 Percussive fuse for projectiles Expired - Lifetime US2265195A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR720097X 1938-02-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2265195A true US2265195A (en) 1941-12-09

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US258554A Expired - Lifetime US2265195A (en) 1938-02-26 1939-02-25 Percussive fuse for projectiles

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US (1) US2265195A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE432966A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH209185A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE720097C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR843033A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB524712A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (2) NL92144B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2466726A (en) * 1941-03-28 1949-04-12 Wiley T Moore Projectile
US2495717A (en) * 1942-07-01 1950-01-31 Raymond L Graumann Fuse
US2812714A (en) * 1951-10-15 1957-11-12 Wheatley Samuel Edward Firing device for a point detonating fuze

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE960071C (de) * 1951-07-07 1957-03-14 Oerlikon Buehrle Ag Aufschlagzuender fuer Geschosse
US2748705A (en) * 1952-10-28 1956-06-05 Frank B Hale Inertia and point detonation impact fuze
CH328117A (it) * 1953-11-19 1958-02-28 Verga Casati Gianni Complesso congegno di innesco-cannello per l'accensione di un mezzo esplodente, segnatamente un bossolo di artiglieria
US4237788A (en) * 1978-12-18 1980-12-09 Ares, Inc. Explosive fuse for ballistic projectile
US4242964A (en) * 1978-12-18 1981-01-06 Ares, Inc. Explosive fuse for projectile

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2466726A (en) * 1941-03-28 1949-04-12 Wiley T Moore Projectile
US2495717A (en) * 1942-07-01 1950-01-31 Raymond L Graumann Fuse
US2812714A (en) * 1951-10-15 1957-11-12 Wheatley Samuel Edward Firing device for a point detonating fuze

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE720097C (de) 1942-04-27
CH209185A (fr) 1940-03-31
FR843033A (fr) 1939-06-23
NL92144B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL51022C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE432966A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB524712A (en) 1940-08-13

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